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18 results for “Coenonympha”
Considerable genetic diversity and structure despite narrow endemism and limited ecological specialization in the Hayden's ringlet, Coenonympha haydenii
<p>Understanding the processes that underlie the development of population genetic structure is central to the study of evolution. Patterns of genetic structure can reveal signatures of isolation by distance, barriers to gene flow, or even the genesis of speciation. However, it is unclear how severe range restriction might impact the processes that dominate the development of genetic structure. In narrow endemic species, is population structure likely to be adaptive in nature, or rather the result of genetic drift? In this study, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity and structure in the narrow endemic Hayden's ringlet butterfly. Specifically, we asked to what degree genetic structure in the Hayden's ringlet can be explained by isolation by distance, isolation by resistance (in the form of geographic or ecological barriers to migration between populations), and isolation by environment (in the form of differences in host plant availability and preference). We employed a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach coupled with host preference assays, Bayesian modeling, and population genomic analyses to answer these questions. Our results suggest that despite their restricted range, levels of genetic diversity in the Hayden's ringlet are comparable to those seen in more widespread butterfly species. Hayden's ringlets showed a strong preference for feeding on grasses relative to sedges, but neither larval preference nor potential host availability at sampling sites correlated with genetic structure. We conclude that geography, in the form of isolation by resistance and simple isolation by distance, was the major driver of contemporary patterns of differentiation in this narrow endemic species.</p>
Considerable genetic diversity and structure despite narrow endemism and limited ecological specialization in the Hayden's ringlet, Coenonympha haydenii
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Bringing Back the Manchester Argus Coenonympha tullia ssp. davus (Fabricius 1777): Quantifying the habitat resource requirements to inform the successful reintroduction of a specialist peatland butterfly
<p>2021-30 has been designated the UN decade of ecosystem restoration. A landscape scale peatland restoration project is being undertaken on Chat Moss, Greater Manchester, UK, with conservation translocations an important component of this work. The Manchester Argus Coenonympha tullia ssp. davus, a specialist butterfly of lowland raised bogs in the northwest of England, UK is under threat due to severe habitat loss and degradation. A species reintroduction was planned for spring 2020. </p> <p>This study aimed to quantify the resource thresholds for C. tullia, in order to assess potential risks for the project. Thirteen peatland habitat patches with either recent historic or current C. tullia populations were surveyed for biotic and abiotic factors based on previous qualitative research on the species' requirements. </p> <p>Percentage cover of two habitat resources were found to be the strongest predictors in models of C. tullia presence: cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix and hair's-tail cotton-sedge Eriophorum vaginatum. </p> <p>Critical inflection points on logistic regression curves were used to make quantitative estimates of the minimum requirement of each resource for population survival and the near-optimum abundance of each resource. </p> <p>The results of this study improve our understanding of C. tullia's ecology and the restoration of peatlands for its reintroduction. Additionally, the method has wider utility for the quantitative assessment of habitat readiness before attempting species reintroductions.</p>
FIGURE 4 in The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy: morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 4. Graphical representation of the first (RW1) and of the second (RW2) relative warps of the tegumen+uncus analysis. Variations in shape along both axes are shown in thin-plate spline deformation grides. Open circles, Uccellina; open squares, Giannutri; open triangles, Elba; black circles, Corsica; black squares, Sardinia; black triangles, Capraia.
FIGURE 3 in The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy: morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 3. Discriminant scores from the functions separating Corsican from Tuscan specimens successively applied to the remnant populations (a, spot dimension; b, traditional genitalia morphometrics, c and d, tegumen+uncus and valva geometric morphometrics, respectively). Uc, Uccellina; Ucc, Uccellina cross-validation sample; Gi, Giannutri island; El, Elba island; Ca, Capraia island, Sa, Sardinia island; Co, Corsica island). Black squares indicate individuals predicted as C. corinna by DA, while white squares indicate individuals predicted as C. elbana.
Figure 5 in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 5. Frequencies (%) (logarithmic scale) of relative probabilities for individuals to be classified to their specific cluster. The calculations are based on 262 individual data sets of Coenonympha arcania (N = 48), Coenonympha gardetta (N = 77), Coenonympha darwiniana darwiniana (N = 57), and Coenonympha darwiniana macromma (N = 80) using Markov-chain Monte-Carlo simulation.
Figure 4 in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 4. Results of a model-based clustering (Markovchain Monte-Carlo simulation) of four different Coenonympha taxa (Coenonympha arcania, Coenonympha gardetta, Coenonympha darwiniana darwiniana, Coenonympha darwiniana macromma): Genetic data of 262 individuals from 16 populations in the Alps and adjoining regions were analysed. The individual probability sets are displayed within a four-dimensional probability space. Every single marker represents one individual.
Figure 3 in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 3. Means (dots; A) and differences between subsequent means (triangles; A) and their standard deviations (B) of the estimated log probability of data [denoted as ln(P(X|K)] (Pritchard et al., 2000; Evanno et al., 2005) of STRUCTURE simulations (burn-in phase 105, simulation length 2·105; ten independent runs for each K = 1...10) of 262 individuals of four different Coenonympha taxa (Coenonympha gardetta, Coenonympha darwiniana darwiniana, Coenonympha darwiniana macromma, and C. arcania).
Figure 1 in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 1. Sample sites (N = 45) of all five analysed Coenonympha taxa in central, eastern, and northern Europe (cf. Table 2). The first letter of each sample abbreviation indicates the respective taxon (A, Coenonympha arcania; D, Coenonympha darwiniana darwiniana; G, Coenonympha gardetta; M, Coenonympha darwiniana macromma; P, Coenonympha pamphilus). Dashed and dotted lines respectively highlight the putative distributions of C. gardetta and C. darwiniana in the Alps (Tolman & Lewington, 1998). Only one species of the C. arcania group was present at each sampling point.
Bringing Back the Manchester Argus Coenonympha tullia ssp. davus (Fabricius 1777): Quantifying the habitat resource requirements to inform the successful reintroduction of a specialist peatland butterfly
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Data from: Hybridization promotes speciation in Coenonympha butterflies
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Data from: Speciation with gene flow: evidence from a complex of alpine butterflies (Coenonympha, Satyridae)
Until complete reproductive isolation is achieved, the extent of differentiation between two diverging lineages is the result of a dynamic equilibrium between genetic isolation and mixing. This is especially true for hybrid taxa, for which the degree of isolation in regard to their parental species is decisive in their capacity to rise as a new and stable entity. In this work, we explored the past and current patterns of hybridization and divergence within a complex of closely related butterflies in the genus Coenonympha in which two alpine species, C. darwiniana and C. macromma, have been shown to result from hybridization between the also alpine C. gardetta and the lowland C. arcania. By testing alternative scenarios of divergence among species, we show that gene flow has been uninterrupted throughout the speciation process, although leading to different degrees of current genetic isolation between species in contact zones depending on the pair considered. Nonetheless, at broader geographic scale, analyses reveal a clear genetic differentiation between hybrid lineages and their parental species, pointing out to an advanced stage of the hybrid speciation process. Finally, the positive correlation observed between ecological divergence and genetic isolation among these butterflies suggests a potential role for ecological drivers during their speciation processes.
FIGURE 1 in The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy: morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 1. The studied area. Sardinia, not included in the map, is located south of Corsica.
Data from: Speciation with gene flow: evidence from a complex of alpine butterflies (Coenonympha, Satyridae)
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Coenonympha Tulia (Large Heath)
Specimen: Coenonympha Tulia Object ID: BU25 Photogrammetry scan from The Watt Institution's Lepidoptera collection Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 2 in The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy: morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
FIGURE 2. On the left: indication of wing measurements: wing length (WL) and forewing (F1) and hindwing (H1-H6) maximum spot width. On the right: schematic representation of fixed landmarks (black circles), and sliding semi-landmarks (open circles), in lateral view of male genitalia. Arrows indicate the linear distances considered in traditional morphometric analyses of tegumen+uncus (a) and valva (b) aedeagus length is not showed (1, uncus length, UL; 2, tegumen length, TL; 3, tegumen width 1, TW1; 4, tegumen width 2, TW2; 5, brachia length, BL; 6, valva length, VL; 7 valva width, VW).
Figure 6 in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 6. Three putative evolutionary scenarios for the Coenonympha arcania species group with Coenonympha pamphilus included as the outgroup. A, common hybrid origin of Coenonympha darwiniana and Coenonympha macromma; B, all taxa are the result of cladogenesis; C, only C. darwiniana is a hybrid taxon between C. arcania and Coenonympha gardetta. Whereas scenarios B and C are equally possible, scenario A is not very likely based on our results.
Figure 2. A in Upslope movements and large scale expansions: the taxonomy and biogeography of the Coenonympha arcania - C. darwiniana - C. gardetta butterfly species complex
Figure 2. A, neighbor-joining phenogram of 12 populations (N ± 10) of five different Coenonympha taxa (Coenonympha gardetta, Coenonympha darwiniana darwiniana, Coenonympha darwiniana macromma, Coenonympha arcania, and Coenonympha pamphilus) in the Alps; and B, of 28 populations (N ± 5) of four different Coenonympha taxa (C. gardetta, C. d. darwiniana, C. darwiniana macromma, and C. arcania) based on standard genetic distances (Nei, 1972). Bootstrap values are given at the nodes (values are not given within C. arcania because of space limitation). For sample abbreviations see Table 2.
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