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Figure 7 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 7. Heat map showing probability of assignment for 77 individuals sampled from Lake Roosevelt to each population sampled in this study. Potential source populations within the Clark Fork River basin, Coeur d'Alene River basin and recently invaded areas are listed in an upstream to downstream order. While many individuals show an elevated assignment probability to Medicine-Cave Lakes (Coeur d'Alene River basin), 71 of the 77 fish had the highest probability of assignment to populations in the recently invaded waterbodies.

Figure 5 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 5. Heat map showing probability of assignment for 145 individuals sampled from recently invaded areas to potential source populations in the Clark Fork and Coeur d'Alene River basins. Recently invaded areas (y-axis) are listed in upstream (top) to downstream (bottom) order. Source populations within each basin (x-axis) are listed in an upstream (left) to downstream (right) order.

Figure 2 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 2. Sampling locations for northern pike in this study. Grey triangles represent hydroelectric dams that prevent upstream movement of fish. Yellow dots represent northern pike sampling locations.

Figure 4 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 4. Plot of principle coordinates analysis on northern pike genotype data from populations in the Clark Fork River basin (pink dots), Coeur d'Alene-Spokane River basin (yellow dots) and recently invaded areas in eastern Washington (green dots). The percent of variation explained by coordinates 1 and 2 are shown in axes labels.

Figure 6 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 6. STRUCUTRE plot showing population groupings of northern pike captured in recently invaded waterbodies of eastern Washington based on K = 2 populations. Waterbodies are listed in an upstream to downstream order. Nearly all fish captured upstream of Lake Roosevelt belong to one group (red bars). Most individuals captured in Lake Roosevelt belong to a second group (pale green bars), but individuals belonging to the red group are also present in Lake Roosevelt.

Figure 1 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 1. Study area map showing (a) the Columbia River basin and major rivers drainages in this study and (b) waterbodies with populations of northern pike sampled in this study. In (b), black triangles represent hydroelectric dams that prevent upstream movement of fish. Waterbodies in red are primarily located in eastern Washington, USA, and represent the most recently invaded areas.

Figure 3 in Mechanism of northern pike invasion in the Columbia River Basin

Figure 3. Invasion scenarios of northern pike in the Columbia River basin compared using microsatellite data in DIYABC. In all scenarios, the Pend Oreille River was the source of fish in Lake Roosevelt. In Scenario 1 (a), Medicine-Cave Lakes share a common ancestor with Lake Pend Oreille, and Medicine-Cave Lakes were the source of fish to the Pend Oreille River. In Scenario 2 (b), Medicine-Cave Lakes share a common ancestor with Lake Pend Oreille, but Lake Pend Oreille was the source of fish to the Pend Oreille River. In Scenario 3 (c); Medicine-Cave Lakes share a common ancestor and admixture of the two was the source of fish in the Pend Oreille River. In Scenario 4 (d), Lake Pend Oreille shares a common ancestor with an unsampled population. The unsampled population was the source of fish to both Medicine-Cave and the Pend Oreille River. Timelines on the left side of each scenario mark the point of coalescent events; all samples were collected at t0.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Microseismic source parameters from induced seismicity in the Horn river basin (British Columbia) [Dataset]

This is a database of results linked to the associated manuscript (Klinger and Werner, 2021) which has been submitted to Geophysical Journal International and is currently in review.   We report magnitudes, corner frequencies and stress drops of microseismic events linked to fault reactivation during hydro-fracturing operations in the Horn river basin (British Columbia), as well as the corresponding uncertainties for these parameters. Stress drops are calculated using a Brune model (Brune, 1970) and uncertainties are calculated using a bootstrapping technique.  Prior to publication please cite this database using the following two references: Klinger, A.G., Werner, M.J.  (2021). Stress drops of hydraulic fracturing induced microseismicity in the Horn River basin: Challenges at high frequencies recorded by borehole geophones. Manuscript submitted to Geophysical Journal International .  Klinger, A.G., Werner, M.J.  (2021). Microseismic source parameters from induced seismicity in the Horn river basin (British Columbia) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5603835.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Modeled microbial respiration in the hyporheic zones within the Columbia River Basin

This data includes inputs and outputs of a coupled carbon-nitrogen river corridor model (RCM) for the Columbia River Basin and sensitivity results with varying substrate concentrations. The detailed descriptions of the individual files are included in the readme.txt file.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Combined effects of stream hydrology and land use on basin-scale hyporheic zone denitrification in the Columbia River Basin

This data includes inputs and outputs of a coupled carbon-nitrogen river corridor model (RCM) for the Columbia River Basin and sensitivity results with varying substrate concentrations, and random forest model results with key model inputs/watershed/stream variables. The detailed descriptions of the individual files are included in the readme.txt file.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Dataset for manuscript "Contributions of Atmospheric Rivers to the Hydroclimatology of British Columbia's Nechako River Basin"

This dataset is the foundation of the findings presented in the "Contributions of Atmospheric Rivers to the Hydroclimatology of British Columbia's Nechako River Basin".

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Aerial photos and colony counts of nesting colonial waterbirds in the Columbia River Basin, 2024

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJun 2025View details →

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Data from: Distribution of genetic variation underlying adult migration timing in steelhead of the Columbia River basin

Fish migrations are energetically costly, especially when moving between fresh and saltwater, but are a viable strategy for Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) due to the advantageous resources available at various life stages. Anadromous steelhead (O. mykiss) migrate vast distances and exhibit variation for migration phenotypes that have a genetic basis at candidate genes known as greb1L and rock1. We examined the distribution of genetic variation at 13 candidate markers spanning greb1L, intergenic, and rock1 regions versus 246 neutral markers for 113 populations (n = 9,471) of steelhead from inland and coastal lineages in the Columbia River. Patterns of population structure with neutral markers reflected genetic similarity by geographic region as demonstrated in previous studies, but candidate markers clustered populations by predominate genetic variation associated with migration timing. Mature alleles for late migration had the highest frequency overall in steelhead populations throughout the Columbia River, with only 9 of 113 populations that had a higher frequency of premature alleles for early migration. While a single haplotype block was evident for the coastal lineage, we identified multiple haplotype blocks for the inland lineage. The inland lineage had one haplotype block that corresponded to candidate markers within the greb1L gene and immediately upstream in the intergenic region, and the second block only contained candidate markers from the intergenic region. Haplotype frequencies had similar patterns of geographic distribution as single markers, but there were distinct differences in frequency between the two haplotype blocks for the inland lineage. Redundancy analyses were used to model environmental effects on allelic frequencies of candidate markers and significant variables were migration distance, temperature, isothermality, and annual precipitation. This study improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of genetic variation underlying migration timing in steelhead as well as associated environmental factors and has direct conservation and management implications.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

FIGURE 2 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 2. Outgroup-rooted neighbor-joining tree of Cottus from all available haplotypes based on uncorrected p-distances for cytochrome c subunit 1 sequences. State and province abbreviations are given for North American samples, and river basins are noted for C. beldingii, C. confusus, and C. schitsuumsh in Idaho and Montana. Cottus poecilopus, C. reinii, those in the Cottopsis clade (Kinziger et al. 2005), and the outgroup Leptocottus armatus are not shown.

FIGURE 3 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 3. Plot of the first two principal coordinates based on 11 microsatellite loci for Cottus schitsuumsh (triangles) and potentially sympatric C. cognatus (diamonds) and C. rhotheus (squares).

FIGURE 1 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 1. Distribution of specimens of Cottus schitsuumsh (filled circles; type location, unfilled star) examined within the upper Spokane River (the Couer d'Alene and St. Joe rivers) in Idaho and the Clark Fork River in Montana. Locations of specimens of other Cottus species examined from adjacent basins are depicted (unfilled squares); others beyond this area are noted in the text. Inset: Columbia River basin in the United States.

FIGURE 7 in Cottus schitsuumsh, a new species of sculpin (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) in the Columbia River basin, Idaho-Montana, USA

FIGURE 7. Lateral pores absent on the caudal peduncle on Cottus schitsuumsh (left) and present on Cottus confusus (right).

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Aerial photos and colony counts of nesting colonial waterbirds in the Columbia River Basin, 2023

In many situations, colonial waterbird colony size is best evaluated from aerial photographs taken during the breeding season. This is typically the case where colonies are not accessible or when it is not feasible to count all birds or nests from ground locations or by boat. This dataset presents high resolution aerial imagery and corresponding nest counts of Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum), Brandt's cormorants (Urile penicillatus), California gulls (Larus californicus), ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), and American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) nesting in the Columbia River Basin, during the 2023 breeding season. Photos were taken from a fixed-wing aircraft during peak nesting, and colony size was estimated by digitizing photos and enumerating visible birds using ArcGIS and DotDotGoose. Colony size was reported as the number of birds on colony, and, in the case of terns and cormorants, the number of active breeding pairs. These data are part of a wider project to evaluate the efficacy of management actions to reduce the impacts of predation by piscivorous colonial waterbirds on Endangered Species Act (ESA)- listed juvenile salmonids (smolts; Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River Basin.

opennotspecifiedJan 2009View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).