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10 results for “Common Blackbird”
Fig. 1 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 1. Necropsy of Turdus merula, female. Gross lesions are represented by heavy parasite colonization of coelomic cavity. A. Many trematodes are clearly seen on different serosal membranes. Note the presence of parasites on the liver serosa, air sacs and pericardium (arrow). B. After removal of all the organs of the gastroenteric apparatus, an involvement of kidney and lungs serosa is also evident. Note the presence of an inflammatory focus with exudate at the periphery of the left lung (arrowhead).
Fig. 4 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood analyses of sequences of mitochondrial DNA loci of the newly isolated Morishitium polonicum and previously sequenced Cyclocoelidae. (A) CO1, (B) ND1. The bars indicate the number of substitutions per nucleotide.
Data from: Effects of immune status on stopover departure decisions are subordinate to those of condition, cloud cover and tailwind in autumn-migrating common blackbirds (Turdus merula)
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Figure 2 in The nest-site characteristics of the forest population of common blackbird (Turdus merula) in Eskişehir, Turkey
Figure 2. The dispersion of Nh, TW, and Nx ratios on a 3-dimensional (x–y–z) plane.
Figure 1 in The nest-site characteristics of the forest population of common blackbird (Turdus merula) in Eskişehir, Turkey
Figure 1. Nest-site characteristics diagram.
Common Blackbird weights, activity, fatty acid oxidation rates, and metabolic rates
<p>Seasonal migration is a physiologically-demanding endeavor that animals prepare for by finding and storing energy. Species and populations vary in their tendencies to migrate, and the energetic demands of migration likely determine the degree and type of preparation that different animals undergo. </p> <p>Birds fuel their migratory flight using stored fat. Previous work has suggested that in addition to being energetically-dense, certain lipids like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be particularly efficient fuels that are preferentially mobilized for flight or serve may additional functions, such as modulating membrane fluidity or stimulating gene expression as ligands, during long-distance migratory flight. </p> <p>Using a series of behavioral and metabolic experiments in a common garden setting of Common Blackbirds (<em>Turdus merula</em>) populations that range from being fully-migratory to partially-migratory to sedentary, we asked how migratory restlessness (<em>Zugunruhe</em>), weight gain, and oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and alpha linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) varied with migratory mode and season.</p> <p>We found no population-level differences in the timing of <em>Zugunruhe</em>. However, before migration, a greater proportion of individuals from fully-migratory populations exhibited weight gain and migratory restlessness, as well as increased oxidation of PUFAs. After <em>Zugunruhe</em>, only individuals from migratory populations showed reduced PUFA oxidation. All populations showed increased oxidation of saturated fat after <em>Zugunruhe</em>.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that certain migratory traits, like the timing of <em>Zugunruhe</em> based on local environmental conditions, are more similar across populations, while others, like lipid oxidation, can vary at the population-level.</p>
Data from: Factors associated with leucism in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
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Common Blackbird weights, activity, fatty acid oxidation rates, and metabolic rates
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Fig. 3 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 3. Morishitium polonicum from the air sacs of Turdus merula. A. Tongue-shaped specimen of M. polonicum. In the posterior part of the body are clearly visible the two large testes and the ovary lying between them. (scale bar = 200 μm). B. Anterior end of M. polonicum showing the eggs inside the uterus. (scale bar = 100 μm). C. Posterior end of M. polonicum showing two globular testes situated obliquely to each other, an intertesticular oval ovary placed in a longitudinal straight line with the testes, two caeca joined posteriorly and two symmetrical vitelline glands not confluent posteriorly. (scale bar = 300 μm). D. The oral sucker, the pharynx, the genital pore of M. polonicum in the anterior end (scale bar = 50 μm).
Fig. 2 in Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird (Turdus merula)
Fig. 2. Turdus merula female, histology of different coelomic organs. A. Lower power magnification of an area where flukes are adherent to the liver. The presence of inflammatory infiltrate is observed on the Glissonian capsule (arrow) in the contact area with the parasite. At this magnification a general overview of the parasite is also clear: the cephalic portion (arrow-head), different internal organs and the uterus filled by the ova (asterisk) are appreciated (H&E, scale bar = 0.2 cm). B. Detail of the contact area between the fluke tegument and liver serosa, involved in the inflammatory reaction (arrow). Note the pyogranulomatous exudate represented by large amounts of mononuclear cells with interspersed heterophils in the area of close contact with the parasite (asterisk). Trematode eggs and an internal gland (arrow-head) are also visible (H&E, scale bar = 200 μm). C. Fluke localization on the kidney capsule: note the same inflammatory reaction (arrow) described in the liver, in the areas of more close contact (H&E, scale bar = 2 mm). D. Air sacs inflammation and modification in the site of parasite attachment (arrow). Note the previously described inflammatory infiltrate and the altered lung parenchyma (asterisk) in the area of the affected air sac. The pulmonary parenchyma is congested and collapsed, as observed also at gross examination (H&E, scale bar = 200 μm).
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