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19 results for “Common eiders”
Fig. 1 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads
Fig. 1. Distributions of breeding and wintering populations of S. m. borealis, S. m. dresseri, and S. m. sedentaria in North America and Greenland. Populations of S. m. borealis are wintering in two areas in the pictured region; one in Southwest Greenland and one in East Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). Individuals wintering in Southwest Greenland migrate to breed in West Greenland or Arctic Canada, whereas individuals wintering in East Canada have breeding areas in Arctic Canada (illustrated by the different direction of the red diagonal lines). For S. m. dresseri the breeding and wintering ranges overlap in one area that covers Newfoundland and Labrador as well as the northeastern part of the US, as shown by the grey horizontal lines. The subspecies S. m. sedentaria has its year-round residence in the Hudson Bay area as shown by the blue vertical lines. Dark stars mark the sampling locations of eiders in this study, whereas the white star marks the sampling location of eiders by Tourangeau et al. (2018). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads
Fig. 3. Prevalences of the cestodes Lateriporus sp. (A) and Microsomacanthus spp. (B), and the acanthocephalan Profilicollis sp. (C) in common eiders. Abbreviations: bor, CD = S. m. borealis, Cape Dorset; bor, GRLD = S. m. borealis, Greenland; bor, NFLD = S. m. borealis, Newfoundland; dre, NFLD = S. m. dresseri, Newfoundland; sed, BI = S. m. sedentaria [data published in Tourangeau et al. (2018)]. n-m = non-migratory, po-m = post-migratory, prm = pre-migratory. Letters describe significant differences between groups: if two groups share a letter, there is no significant difference in their prevalences.
Fig. 2 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads
Fig. 2. Examples of gastrointestinal parasites retrieved from common eiders in this study. (A) The trematode Notocotylus sp., (B) the cestode Lateriporus sp., (C) the acanthocephalan, Profilicollis sp. (D) microphallid trematodes, and (E) Microsomacanthus spp. cestodes.
Fig. 5 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads
Fig. 5. Cumulative percentages of birds infected with (A) Microsomacanthus spp., (B) Microphallus spp. and (C) Gymnophallus spp. from five different locations. Legend denotes the five infection levels: 0, 1s, 10s, 100s, and 1000s of parasite individuals within a single host. Abbreviations: bor, GRLD = S. m. borealis, Greenland; bor, NFLD = S. m. borealis, Newfoundland; dre, NFLD = S. m. dresseri, Newfoundland; bor, CD = S. m. borealis, Cape Dorset; sed, BI = S. m. sedentaria, Belcher Islands [data published in (Tourangeau et al., 2018)]. nm = non-migratory, po-m = post-migratory, pr-m = pre-migratory.
Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
<p>1. Harvested species population dynamics are shaped by the relative contribution of natural and harvest mortality. Natural mortality is usually not under management control, so managers must continuously adjust harvest rates to prevent overexploitation. Ideally, this requires regular assessment of the contribution of harvest to total mortality and how this affects population dynamics. 2. To assess the impact of hunting mortality on the dynamics of the rapidly declining Baltic/Wadden Sea population of common eiders Somateria mollissima we first estimated vital rates of ten study colonies over the period 1970–2015. By means of a multi-event capture-recovery model we then used the cause of death of recovered individuals to estimate proportions of adult females that died due to hunting or other causes. Finally, we adopted a stochastic matrix population modelling approach based on simulations to investigate the effect of past and present harvest regulations on changes in flyway population size and composition. 3. Results showed that even the complete ban on shooting females implemented in 2014 in Denmark, where most hunting takes place was not enough to stop the population decline given current levels of natural female mortality. Despite continued hunting of males our predictions suggest that the proportion of females will continue to decline unless natural mortality of the females is reduced. 4. Although levels of natural mortality must decrease to halt the decline of this population, we advocate that the current hunting ban on females is maintained while further investigations of factors causing increased levels of natural mortality among females are undertaken. 5. Synthesis and applications. At the flyway scale, continuous and accurate estimates of vital rates and the relative contribution of harvest versus other mortality causes are increasingly important as the population effect of adjusting harvest rates is most effectively evaluated within a model-based adaptive management framework.</p>
Data from: Multi-image flock size estimation with CountEm: A case study with half a million Common Eiders and Greater Snow Geese.
<p>The present data set is related to the manuscript "Multi-image flock size estimation with CountEm: A case study with half a million Common Eiders and Greater Snow Geese" submitted to the Ecosphere journal.</p> <p>The files COEI_data.csv and GSGO_data.csv contain data and results of the 179 COEI and 99 GSGO ECA Flocks images respectively. The files have one row per image. Both files have 9 columns corresponding to the following variables:</p> <ul> <li> “Filenumber” is used to identify the number of the corresponding image, namely “001” to “099” for GSGO, and “001” to “179” for COEI.</li> <li> “N”: Total number of annotated birds in the image.</li> <li> “Nest”: Bird number estimation (bN 439 ) obtained with a single real mode CountEm run.</li> <li> “CE_sim”: Empirical coefficient of error (relative standard error, CEe(bN 440 )) obtained from 2000 simulated measurements in simulation mode.</li> <li> “f”: Sampling fraction used in the real mode CountEm run.</li> <li>“n0”: Initial number of quadrats used in the real mode CountEm run.</li> <li>“Q”: Total number of birds (i.e. sample size) counted in the real mode CountEm estimation.</li> <li> “n”: Number of non-empty quadrats counted in the real mode CountEm estimation.</li> <li> “UserTime”: Counting time (in minutes) in the real mode CountEm estimation.</li> <li> “ManualTime”: Counting time (in minutes) of the manual annotation process with ImageJ.</li> </ul>
Gene and repeat annotation for common eider (Somateria mollissima)
<p>Here we provide the gene and repeat annotation for common eider (Somateria mollissima). It is unfortunately currently not possible to upload repeat annotation tracks to an international nucleotide sequence database such as ENA. While uploading the gene annotation is possible, some of the cross references to different databases in the functional annotation is removed. Further, the names of the entries in the publicly available genome assemblies on ENA have different names that what is found in the annotation tracks here, so we also provide the FASTA files for the assemblies. Ideally, all this should have been available via ENA.</p> <p>We annotated the genome assemblies using a pre-release version of the EBP-Nor genome annotation pipeline (<a href="https://github.com/ebp-nor/GenomeAnnotation">https://github.com/ebp-nor/GenomeAnnotation</a>). First, AGAT (https://zenodo.org/record/7255559) agat_sp_keep_longest_isoform.pl and agat_sp_extract_sequences.pl were used on the GRCg7b (GCA_016699485.1) chicken genome assembly and annotation to generate one protein (the longest isoform) per gene. Miniprot (Li, 2023) was used to align the proteins to the curated assemblies. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (Consortium et al., 2022) release 2022_03 in addition to the vertebrata part of OrthoDB v11 (Kuznetsov et al., 2022) were also aligned separately to the assemblies. Red (Girgis, 2015) was run via redmask (<a href="https://github.com/nextgenusfs/redmask">https://github.com/nextgenusfs/redmask</a>) on the assemblies to mask repetitive areas. In addition, we ran Earl Grey (Baril et al., 2023) to annotate transposable elements. GALBA (Brůna et al., 2023; Buchfink et al., 2015; Hoff and Stanke, 2018; Li, 2023; Stanke et al., 2006) was run with the chicken proteins using the miniprot mode on the masked assemblies. The funannotate-runEVM.py script from Funannotate was used to run EvidenceModeler (Haas et al., 2008) on the alignments of chicken proteins, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot proteins, vertebrata proteins and the predicted genes from GALBA. The resulting predicted proteins were compared to the protein repeats that Funannotate distributes using DIAMOND blastp and the predicted genes were filtered based on this comparison using AGAT. The filtered proteins were compared to the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot release 2022_03 using DIAMOND (Buchfink et al., 2015) blastp to find gene names and InterProScan was used to discover functional domains. AGATs agat_sp_manage_functional_annotation.pl was used to attach the gene names and functional annotations to the predicted genes. EMBLmyGFF3 (Norling et al., 2018) was used to combine the fasta files and GFF3 files into a EMBL format for submission to ENA.</p> <p>The assemblies provided here can also be found at ENA under accessions PRJEB61097 (pseudo-haplotype one with sex chromosomes; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB61097) and PRJEB62037 (pseudo-haplotype two; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB62037).</p> <p><strong></strong> </p>
Vital rate estimates for the common eider Somateria mollissima, a data-rich exemplar of the seaduck tribe
<p>This database contains estimates of the following vital rates (as required to parameterise matrix population models), for the common eider (<em>Somateria mollissima</em>): 1st year survival (measured either from hatching, or from fledging, to 1 year old); 2nd year survival; adult annual survival; first breeding (both age-specific recruitment probability, and breeding propensity across potential recruitment ages); breeding propensity of established female breeders; clutch size; hatching success; and fledging success. These estimates are drawn from 134 studies, across the scientific and grey literature – including three previously inaccessible datasets on clutch size that were contributed in response to a call for data through the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Duck Specialist Group (IDs 127, A and B). This is a relational database, linking estimates and associated metadata to the relevant study (or unique unpublished combination thereof) by a unique ID number in the 'MASTER' sheet. For further information, refer to the associated publication, and/or explanatory notes on the column headings of each sheet (.xlsx version only, but provided in the dataset README .txt file).</p>
Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
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Vital rate estimates for the common eider Somateria mollissima, a data-rich exemplar of the seaduck tribe
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Sampling of common eiders for the detection of Pasteurella multocida infection at Mitivik Island, Nunavut
<p>From 2007-2014, pre-breeding common eiders were captured in flight nets when arriving and flying over Mitivik Island, Nunavut, banded, sexed and measured. Cloacal and oral samples were collected for detection of current <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> infection, and blood samples were collected for detection of antibodies to this bacterium. For more details, see van Dijk et al. (2020) Herd immunity drives the epidemic fadeout of avian cholera in Arctic-nesting seabirds.</p>
Data from: Anti-parasite treatment results in decreased estimated survival with increasing Pb levels in the common eider Somateria mollissima
Field experiments where parasites are removed through treatment and contaminant levels in host tissues are recorded can provide insight into the combined effects of parasitism and contaminants in wild populations. In 2013 and 2014, we treated northern common eider ducks (Somateria mollissima) arriving at a breeding colony with either a broad-spectrum antihelminthic (PANACUR®) or distilled water, and measured their blood Pb levels. Breeding propensity and clutch sizes were inversely related to Pb in both treatment groups. In comparison, a negative effect of Pb on resight probability the following year was observed only in the anti-parasitic treatment (APT) group. These contrasting patterns suggest a long-term benefit to survival of intestinal parasitism in eiders experiencing Pb exposure. Arrival date of hens explained some, but not all, of the effects of Pb. We weigh the merits of different hypotheses in explaining our results, including protective bioaccumulation of Pb by parasites, condition-linked thresholds to costly reproduction, and the direct effects of APT on eider health. We conclude that variation in helminth parasitism influences survival in this migratory bird in counterintuitive ways.
Data from: Hidden survival heterogeneity of three common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations
(1) Understanding how individuals and populations respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions is critical to explain and anticipate changes in ecological systems. Most such studies focus on climate impacts on single populations without considering inter- and intra-population heterogeneity. However, comparing geographically dispersed populations limits the risk of faulty generalizations and helps to improve ecological and demographic models. (2) We aimed to determine whether differences in migration tactics among and within populations would induce inter- or intra-population heterogeneity in survival in relation to winter climate fluctuations. Our study species was the Common eider (Somateria mollissima), a marine duck with a circumpolar distribution, which is strongly affected by climatic conditions during several phases of its annual cycle. (3) Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data were collected in two arctic (northern Canada and Svalbard) and one subarctic (northern Norway) population over a period of 18, 15 and 29 years, respectively. These three populations have different migration tactics and experience different winter climatic conditions. Using multi-event and mixture modelling, we assessed the association between adult female eider survival and winter conditions as measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation index. (4) We found that winter weather conditions affected survival of female eiders from each of these three populations. However, different mechanisms seemed to be involved. Survival of the two migrating arctic populations was impacted directly by changes in the NAO, whereas the subarctic resident population was affected by the NAO with time lags of two to three years. Moreover, we found evidence for intra-population heterogeneity in the survival response to the winter NAO in the Canadian eider population, where individuals migrate to distinct wintering areas. (5) Our results illustrate how individuals and populations of the same species can vary in their responses to climate variation. We suspect that the found variation in survival response of birds to winter conditions is partly explained by differences in migration tactic. Detecting and accounting for inter- and intra-population heterogeneity will improve our predictions concerning the response of wildlife to global changes.
Contaminants of emerging concern in an endangered population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea
<p>Dataset on contaminants of emerging concern in blood plasma from female common eiders (<em>Somateria mollissima</em>) sampled during the breeding season 2021, in Finland. </p> <p>The dataset will be made open access once the manuscript has been accepted for publication. </p>
Data from: Anti-parasite treatment results in decreased estimated survival with increasing Pb levels in the common eider Somateria mollissima
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Data from: Hidden survival heterogeneity of three common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations
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Sampling of common eiders for the detection of Pasteurella multocida infection at Mitivik Island, Nunavut
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Fig. 4 in Helminths in common eiders (Somateria mollissima): Sex, age, and migration have differential effects on parasite loads
Fig. 4. Mean intensity and mean abundance of Lateriporus sp. (A, C) and Profilicollis sp. (C, D) for common eiders. Abbreviations: bor, CD = S. m. borealis, Cape Dorset; bor, GRLD = S. m. borealis, Greenland; bor, NFLD = S. m. borealis, Newfoundland; dre, NFLD = S. m. dresseri, Newfoundland; sed, BI = S. m. sedentaria [data published in Tourangeau et al. (2018)]. n-m = non-migratory, po-m = post-migratory, pr-m = pre-migratory. Letters describe significant differences between groups: if two groups share a letter, there is no significant difference between their means.
Data from: Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider
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