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4 results for “Community colour”
The Effect of Water Colour on Fish Communities in Boreal lakes
<p><span>The water colour of numerous lakes is increasing, with consequences for biotic communities. The effects of water colour on the abundance of fish in boreal lakes were examined by evaluating gillnet catches in 78 lakes with a water colour range from 18.9 to 380.0 mg Pt L</span><sup><span>−</span></sup><sup><span>1</span></sup><span>. In all, 22 different fish species were captured. Perch (<em>Perca fluviatilis</em>) and roach (<em>Rutilus rutilus</em>) were the most abundant species.</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>Water colour had no effect on fish species diversity. The captured fish biomass per unit effort (BPUE) varied between 192.5 and 5681.2 g net</span><sup><span>−</span></sup><sup><span>1</span></sup><span> and decreased significantly with increasing water colour.</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>With the exception of pikeperch (<em>Sander lucioperca</em>),</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>the effect of water colour was significant for all the dominant fish species <span>(bleak <em>Alburnus alburnus</em>, bream <em>Abramis brama</em>, perch, pike <em>Esox lucius</em>, roach, ruffe <em>Gymnocephalus cernuus</em>). <a name="_Hlk172106619"></a>The main factor behind the effect of water colour was probably the decreasing availability of food, as indicated by the decreased abundance of roach that is not vulnerable to low light intensity. The negative effect of water colour on the planktonic feeder bleak suggested that reduced visibility and prey capture rate in high-colour lakes also had a role.</span></span><span><span> </span></span><span>Total phosphorus had a positive effect on BPUE but did not compensate for the effect of colour. BPUE:chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio for the total catch and for bleak, perch, and roach decreased significantly with increasing water colour, reflecting decreasing </span><span>transfer efficiency from basal trophic levels to consumers. BPUE and </span><span>BPUE:chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio for total gillnet catch or for selected species could be potential fish-based indicators of lake brownification.</span></p>
Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin-based colouration in bird communities
<p>Growing urbanization increasingly influences ecosystems worldwide. While the effects of urban conditions within species (through either plastic or evolutionary responses) have been widely studied, their potential influences among species (through environmental filter), especially concerning their colouration, remain poorly known. Here, we investigated whether avian communities breeding inside and outside a major European city (Paris) differ with regards to melanin-based plumage colouration. Melanins are heritable pigments present in many taxa and have a series of unique properties that may allow coping with urban conditions. Using melanic-based colouration as an integrative phenotypic marker, we predicted (i) that the probability of breeding inside the city should increase with the intensity of species melanin-based colouration, (ii) that for species breeding both inside and outside the city, density should increase with the intensity of dark colouration inside the city, but not outside the city, and (iii) that species not breeding inside the city should not exhibit this positive relation between density and colouration. Our results confirmed these predictions. In addition, the density of species not breeding inside the city decreased with the darkness of their plumage. Altogether, these results suggest that bird species experience a balance between costs and benefits of melanin-based colouration shaped by environmental conditions. Both the environmental filtering and the urbanisation-shaped relation between density and colouration evidenced here are likely a general trend, however possibly modulated by additional local environmental conditions. Their importance may even be underestimated given the restricted geographical scale and the overall urbanization rate of the region studied. Further studies involving regions with contrasted environmental conditions should gain insight into the consequences of urbanization worldwide on traits associated with melanin-based colouration.</p>
Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin-based colouration in bird communities
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Ecological interactions shape the evolution of flower colour in communities across a temperate biodiversity hotspot
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