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Fig. 5 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

Fig. 5. Records of the Hemilienardia ocellata species complex, based on material examined in the present paper. Filled cycles = H. ocellata (Jousseaume, 1884); triangles = H. acinonyx sp. nov.; black square = H. lynx sp. nov.; grey square = H. cf. lynx sp. nov.; diamonds = H. pardus sp. nov.

Fig. 4 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

Fig. 4. Marginal radular teeth of some species of Hemilienardia. A. H. malleti (Récluz, 1852) (from Kantor & Taylor 2002). B–C. H. ocellata (Jousseaume, 1884). Specimen from the Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier LIFOU 2000, stn 1429, 20°47.5' S, 167°07.1' E, 8–18 m, 4.4 mm long. D. H. acinonyx sp. nov. Specimen from the Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier LIFOU 2000, stn 1448, 20°45.8' S, 167°01.65' E, 20 m, 5.0 mm long.

Fig. 3 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

Fig. 3. Protoconch and shell morphology in the Hemilienardia ocellata complex. A–C. H. ocellata (Jousseaume, 1884). A. Specimen from the Maldives, Ari Atoll, Maagau Kandu, 25 m, 3.1 mm long. B–C. Specimen from New Caledonia, Expedition MONTROUZIER, stn 1319, 20°44.7' S, 164°15.5' E, 15–20 m, 3.6 mm long. D–E. H. acinonyx sp. nov. Specimen from the Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1448, 20°45.8' S, 167°01.65' E, 20 m, 5.0 mm long. F–G. H. lynx sp. nov. Holotype, MNHN IM-2013-5489, Madang District, off Kranket Island, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PP14, 05°12' S, 145°50' E, 100–120 m, 2.75 mm long. H–I. H. pardus sp. nov. Specimen from the Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier LIFOU 2000, stn 1454, 20°56.65' S, 167°02.0' E, 15–18 m, 5.2 mm long.

Fig. 2 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

Fig. 2. Species of the Hemilienardia ocellata complex. The SEM image with no letter denoted shows standard measurements. A–D. Hemilienardia ocellata (Jousseaume, 1884). A–B. Syntype, MNHN IM-2000-3128, Mauritius, 4.0 mm. C. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1429, 20°47.5' S, 167°07.1' E, 8–18 m, 4.4 mm. D. New Caledonia, Secteur de Koumac, Expedition Montrouzier, stn 1319, 20°44.7' S, 164°15.5' E, 15–20 m, 3.6 mm. E–F. Hemilienardia acinonyx sp. nov. E. Holotype, MNHN IM-2013-33593, Philippines, 8.1 mm. F. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1441, 20°46.4' S, 167°02.0' E, 20 m, 5.4 mm. G–H. Hemilienardia lynx sp. nov., holotype, MNHN IM-2013-5489, Papua New Guinea, 2.75 mm. I–M. Hemilienardia pardus sp. nov. I. BMOO 17147, Society Islands, Moorea. K. Holotype, MNHN IM-2000-31661, 5.8 mm. L–M. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1454, 20°56.65' S, 167°02.0' E, 15–18 m, 5.2 mm.

Fig. 1 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

Fig. 1. Relationships of the Hemilienardia ocellata complex as inferred by the molecular phylogenetic analysis. A. Bayesian tree based on the analysis of 61 Raphitomidae COI sequences. Black circles indicate nodes with 0.9 0.7.

Fig. 6 in New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean

Fig. 6. [next page] A–H. Otitoma crassivaricosa sp. nov. A–B. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32607), MUSORSTOM 9, Stn DW1218, Hiva Oa Island, Marquisas Archipelago, 9°44.5′ S, 138°50.9′ W, 125– 135 m, 9.85 × 3.7 mm. C. Teleoconch (not coated). D. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch (not coated). E–H. Protoconch (not coated). F. Microsculpture and of the protoconch (not coated). H. Color micrograph of the same protoconch. — I–N. Otitoma philpoppei sp. nov. I–J. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32609), Philippines, Mactan Island, 200 m, from local fishermen, 6.7 × 2.7 mm. K–N. Paratype (MNHN IM-2000-32610), BORDAU 1, Stn DW1464, Fiji, 18°09′ S, 178°38′ W, 285– 300 m. L. Teleoconch. M–N. Protoconch. — O–T. Otitoma nereidum sp. nov. O–P. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32611), BORDAU 1, Stn DW1464, Fiji, 18°09′ S, 178°38′ W, 285–300 m, 9.15 × 3.35 mm. Q–T. Paratype 2 (MZB 60216), BORDAU 1, Stn DW1494, Fiji, 18°55′ S, 178°29′ W, 240–319 m. R. Teleoconch. S–T. Protoconch, scale bar = 100 μm. Scale bars: C, E, R = 500 µm; D, L–N = 100 µm; F = 10 µm; K, Q = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean

Fig. 5. [next page] A–H. Otitoma rubiginostoma sp. nov. A–B. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000- 32604), MUSORSTOM 4, Stn DW151, New Caledonia, 19°07′ S, 163°22′ E, 200 m, 4.7 × 1.8 mm. C–H. Paratype 2 (MZB 60214), MUSORSTOM 4, Stn DW149, New Caledonia, 19°08′ S, 163°23′ E, 155 m. D. Teleoconch. E. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch. F–G Protoconch. H. Microsculpture of the protococonch. — I–O. Otitoma elegans sp. nov. I–J. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32606), BORDAU 1, Stn DW1465, Fiji Island, 18°09′ S, 178°39′ W, 290–300 m, 12.6 × 4.8 mm. K. Teleoconch (not coated). L. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch (not coated). M, O. Protoconch (not coated). N. Microsculpture of the protococonch. — P–U. Otitoma philippinensis sp. nov. P–Q. Holotype (MZB 60215), Philippines, Nocnocan Island, 180–250 m, trawled by fishermen, 15.4 × 5.25 mm. R. Teleoconch (not coated). S. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch (not coated). T–U. Protoconch (not coated). Scale bars: C, K = 1 mm; D, F–G, L–N, S–U = 100 µm; E, H, O = 50 µm; R = 500 µm.

Fig. 3 in New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean

Fig. 3. [next page] A–G. Otitoma xantholineata sp. nov. A–B. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32587), Fiji, S of Viti Levu, 18°12.4′ S, 178°33.0′ E, 144-150 m, 7.25 × 3.0 mm. C–G. Paratype 5 (MZB 60211), MUSORSTOM 10, Stn CP1366, Fiji, S of Viti Levu, 18°12.4′ S, 178°33.1′ E, 149–168 m. D. Teleoconch. E. Secondary sculpture of the teleoconch. F–G. Protoconch. — H–I. Drillia batjensis Schepman, 1913, syntype, Batjan, 0°11′ S, 127°25′ E, Indonesia, 397 m, 7.39 × 3.75 mm, (ZMA.MOLL.136858_1). — J–L. Austropusilla (Metaclathurella) crokerensis Shuto, 1983, holotype, Australia, Northern Territory, Arafura Sea, 10°17′00″ S, 132°38′00″ E, ca 45 m (C.134692). — M–R. Otitoma tropispira sp. nov. M–N. Holotype (MNHN IM-2000-32591), BATHUS 2, Stn DW747, S of New Caledonia, 22°30′ S, 166°260′ E, 574 m, 16.3 × 5.7 mm. O–R. Paratype 2 (not coated) (MZB 60212), SW New Caledonia, Boulari Passage, 400 m. O. Teleoconch. P. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch. Q–R. Protoconch. Scale bars: C = 2 mm; D, O = 500 µm; E–G = 200 µm; P–R = 100 μm.

Fig. 1 in New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1. [next page] A–L. Otitoma cyclophora (Deshayes, 1863). A–B. Philippines, Mactan Island, 10–20 m, 7.5 × 2.67 mm. C–D. MUSORSTOM 10, Stn CP 1366, Fiji, S of Viti Levu, 18°12.4′ S, 178°33.1′ E, 149–168 m, 11.35 × 3.65 mm. E–F. Holotype of Mitrellotoma mitra Kilburn, 1986, S Mozambique, Bazaruto Archipelago, approximately 21°53′ S, 35° 26′ E, 6.4 × 2.3 mm (NMJ4527/ T3287). G–K. Madagascar, Tulear reef, 15–20 m. G. Shell. H. Teleoconch. I. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch. J–L. Protoconch. L. Microsculpture of the protoconch. — M–S. Otitoma carnicolor (Hervier, 1896). M–N. Specimen from Lifou, 20°55.0′ S,167°05.2′ E, 9–20 m, 7.26 × 2.57 mm. O–S. Specimen from Lifou, 20°53.5′ S, 167°02.7′ E, 12–32 m. P. Teleoconch. Q. Secondary spiral sculpture of the teleoconch. R–S. Protoconch. Scale bars: G, O = 1 mm; H = 500 µm; I–K, P, R–S = 100 µm; L = 10 µm; Q = 50 µm.

FIG. 20 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 20. — Leufroyia villaria (Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008). Dugi Otok Island (Croatia), 35-57 m, h. 7.18 mm. A, Frontal view of shell; B-D, apical (B), frontal (D) and dorsal (C) view of protoconch. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 300 µm (B-D).

FIG. 22 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 22. — Details of spiral cordlets. A, L. leufroyi (Michaud, 1828), Ile Rousse (Corse), h. 9.8 mm (coll. BAR); B, L. concinna (Scacchi, 1836), Elba Island, 40 m, h. 14 mm (coll. BAR); C, L. erronea Monterosato, 1884, Bagni Fiume (Livorno), h. 16 mm (coll. PAG); D, L. villaria (Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008), Porto Cesareo (Taranto), 70 m, h. 14.2 mm (coll. PAG).

FIG. 19 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 19. — Photographs of two living animals of Leufroyia villaria (Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2008). Dugi Otok Island (Croatia), 35-57 m, h. 7 mm (A), h. 7.5 mm (B-E). Photo courtesy: Alen Petani.

FIG. 16 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 16. — Leufroyia erronea Monterosato, 1884. Žirje Island (Croatia), 70-100 m, amidst red coral colonies, h. 9.32 mm. A, Frontal view of shell. B-D, apical (B), frontal (D) and dorsal (C) view of protoconch. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 300 µm (B-D).

FIG. 2 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 2. — Relationships and genetic divergence among species of Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875. A, Bayesian topology on the COI alignment. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities after a Bayesian analysis, and bootstrap supports after Maximum likelihood analysis on 1000 pseudoreplicates; only values higher than 75% bootstrap support and 95% posterior probability are reported. The boxes comprise the species hypotheses as defined by the ABGD analysis. B, Distribution of the pairwise genetic distances (K2p) among the COI sequences (black bars on the left, intraspecific comparisons; on the right, interspecific comparisons).

FIG. 7 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 7. — Underwater photographs of three living animals of Leufroyia leufroyi (Michaud, 1828). A-C, France, Cap d'Antibes, 13-17 m. Photo courtesy: Dominique Horst.

FIG. 11 in Revision of Mediterranean and NE Atlantic Raphitomidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) 8: The genus Leufroyia Monterosato, 1884

FIG. 11. — Underwater photographs of two living animals of Leufroyia concinna (Scacchi, 1836). A, Italy; B, France, Cap d'Antibes, 21 m. Photo courtesy: A, Alessandro Falleni; B, Dominique Horst.

Figure 13. Neoterebra guadeloupensis n in Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)

Figure 13. Neoterebra guadeloupensis n. sp., Maculauger sudchinensis n. sp. and morphologically similar species. A. N. guadeloupensis n. sp. holotype, MNHN-2013- 61448, KARUBENTHOS 2015 Stn DW4638, 15°50'N, 61° 18'W, 305–312 m, 17.2 mm. B. MNHN-IM-2013-20531, KARUBENTHOS 2012 Stn GD55, 16° 22.48'N, 61° 35.46'W, 85 m, 9.4 mm. C. Terebra limatula syntype, USNM93971, Apalachicola Bay, FL, 17.8 mm. D, E. M. sudchinensis n. sp., holotype, MNHN-IM-2013-61887, ZhongSha 2015 Stn CP4144, 16°6'N, 114° 23'E, 160–200 m, 19.9 mm. F. Terebra helichrysum lectotype, NHMUK 1903.12.15.117, Mussandam, Persian Gulf, 47 fms (= 86 m), 24.5 mm. G. Terebra levantina holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-2812, MUSORSTOM 2 Stn CP59, 14°00'N, 120°16'E, 186–190 m, 24.2 mm.

Figure 10 in Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)

Figure 10. Genera defined solely by shell morphology. A. Terebra bathyrhaphe lectotype, NHMUK 1873.8.6.10/1, Gulf of Yedo, 35° 35'N, 139°48'E, 6–25 fms (= 11–46 m), 24.8 mm. B. Hastulopsis melanachme lectotype, NMHUK 1873.8.6.11/1, Cape Sima, Japan, 18 fms (= 33 m), 17.8 mm. C. Terebra bifrons holotype, NHMUK 1968237, Japan, 51.0 mm. D. Gradaterebra scalariformis, SAM D-110176, Newland Head, S Australia, 20 fms (= 37 m), 12.1 mm. E. Terebra circumcincta holotype, NHMUK 1978150, Red Sea (erroneous?), 38.0 mm. F. Microtrypetes iola holotype, ANSP 155289, Mazatlan, Mexico, 20 fms (= 37 m), 14.0 mm.

Figure 11. Duplicaria herberti n in Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)

Figure 11. Duplicaria herberti n. sp., Partecosta bozzettii n. sp. and morphologically similar species. A. D. herberti, holotype, MNHN-IM-2013-52381, INHACA 2011 Stn MR15, 26° 00.0'S, 32° 54.4'E, 0–1 m, 29.7 mm. B. D. herberti, MNHN-IM-2013-52366, INHACA 2011 Stn MM1, 26° 02.3'S, 32° 54.1'E, 0–1 m, 12.4 mm. C. D. herberti (paratype of D. mozambiquensis), NMSA 566, 27 mm. D. D. mozambiquensis, YT, Quelimane Pebane, Mozambique, 35–45 m, 19.6 mm. E. Partecosta bozzettii holotype, MNHN-IM-2009-10163, ATIMO VATAE Stn TP29, 25° 03' 43.9''S, 46°57'42.9''E, 3–4 m, 12.5 mm. F. Partecosta trilineata holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-21473, S Madagascar, Lavanono, 8.85 mm. G. P. daniae holotype, MMM, Farol das Lagostas, Luanda, Angola, 12 mm.

Figure 8. Genus Punctoterebra. A. P in Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea)

Figure 8. Genus Punctoterebra. A. P. nitida, MNHN-IM-2013-13332, PAPUA NIUGINIStn PD32, 05° 04.4'S, 145° 48.7'E, 1–8 m, 26.5 mm. B. P. teramachii, MNHN-IM-2009-9973, TERRASSES Stn DW3093, 22°06'S, 167°03'E, 190–200 m, 27.5 mm. C. P. polygyrata, MNHN-IM-2007-30424, SALOMON 2 Stn CP2282, 08° 37'S, 157°21'E, 150–160 m, 22.3 mm. D. P. succincta, MNHN-IM-2007-30385, SANTO 2006 Stn VM32, 15°26.6'S, 167°15.2'E, 0–1 m, 42.9 mm. E. P. solangeae, MNHN-IM-2009-10122, ATIMO VATAE Stn BP18, 25° 26.1–26.4'S, 44° 55.2–55.6'E, 17–20 m, 10.2 mm. F. P. sp. aff. textilis, MNHN-IM-2009-10093, MIRIKYStn CP3274, 15°30.15'S, 46°04.3'E, 29–36 m, 16.8 mm. G. P. souleyeti radula, MNHN-IM-2007-30547, SANTO 2006 Stn LD21, 15° 31.3'S, 167° 09.9'E, 1–6 m, 27 mm.