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13 results for “Continental Divide”
Population genetics reveals bidirectional fish movement across the Continental Divide via an interbasin water transfer
<p>Interbasin water transfers are becoming an increasingly common tool to satisfy municipal and agricultural water demand, but their impacts on movement and gene flow of aquatic organisms are poorly understood. The Grand Ditch is an interbasin water transfer that diverts water from tributaries of the upper Colorado River on the west side of the Continental Divide to the upper Cache la Poudre River on the east side of the Continental Divide. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterize population genetic structure in cutthroat trout (<em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>) and determine if fish utilize the Grand Ditch as a movement corridor. Samples were collected from two sites on the west side and three sites on the east side of the Continental Divide. We identified two or three genetic clusters, and relative migration rates and spatial distributions of admixed individuals indicated that the Grand Ditch facilitated bidirectional fish movement across the Continental Divide, a major biogeographic barrier. Previous studies have demonstrated ecological impacts of interbasin water transfers, but our study is one of the first to use genetics to understand how interbasin water transfers affect connectivity between previously isolated watersheds. We also discuss implications on native trout management and balancing water demand and biodiversity conservation. </p>
Population genetics reveals bidirectional fish movement across the Continental Divide via an interbasin water transfer
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Data from: Continental divide: predicting climate-mediated fragmentation and biodiversity loss in the boreal forest
Climate change threatens natural landscapes through shifting distribution and abundance of species and attendant change in the structure and function of ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how climate-mediated variation in species' environmental niche space may lead to large-scale fragmentation of species distributions, altered meta-population dynamics and gene flow, and disrupted ecosystem integrity. Such change may be especially relevant when species distributions are restricted either spatially or to a narrow environmental niche, or when environments are rapidly changing. Here, we use range-wide environmental niche models to posit that climate-mediated range fragmentation aggravates the direct effects of climate change on species in the boreal forest of North America. We show that climate change will directly alter environmental niche suitability for boreal-obligate species of trees, birds and mammals (n=12), with most species ranges becoming smaller and shifting northward through time. Importantly, species distributions will become increasingly fragmented, as characterized by smaller mean size and greater isolation of environmentally-suitable landscape patches. This loss is especially pronounced along the Ontario-Québec border, where the boreal forest is narrowest and roughly 78% of suitable niche space could disappear by 2080. Despite the diversity of taxa surveyed, patterns of range fragmentation are remarkably consistent, with our models predicting that spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis), boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus), moose (Alces americanus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) could have entirely disjunct east-west population segments in North America. These findings reveal potentially dire consequences of climate change on population continuity and species diversity in the boreal forest, highlighting the need to better understand: 1) extent and primary drivers of anticipated climate-mediated range loss and fragmentation; 2) diversity of species to be affected by such change; 3) potential for rapid adaptation in the most strongly-affected areas; and 4) potential for invasion by replacement species.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 5. Holotype of Bolitoglossa jugivagans in life. (A) Holotype at the moment of encounter at night. (B) Holotype the subsequent day. Note difference in lateral coloration.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 1. Map showing the type locality (red triangle) of Bolitoglossa jugivagans on the banks of a feeder river of Río Chiriquí Malí. Further important watercourses are shown in blue. The black line represents the provincial border between Chiriquí in the south and the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé in the north (cf. inset), and at the same time the border between the protected areas Reserva Forestal La Fortuna (south) and Bosque Protector Palo Seco (north), as well as the drainage divide between river systems flowing into the Pacific Ocean (south), and those flowing into the Atlantic Ocean (north). The elevation of the high point west of the type locality is Cerro Guayabo (approx. 2000 m asl).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 2. Results of the molecular analyses. (A) Phylogeny of 16S mtDNA data for Bolitoglossa jugivagans compared to selected specimens of Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) labeled with museum catalogue numbers, constructed using Bayesian analysis. Scale bar refers to number of substitutions per site. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values are shown above branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (multiplied by 100) below branches. Taxonomic identities according to Boza-Oviedo et al. (2012). (B) Parsimony network with a connection limit of 15 steps; each node represents a unique haplotype separated from the next by one substitution step. Small circles represent unsampled haplotypes, the rectangle the probably ancestral haplotype.
FIGURE 7. X in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 7. X-ray images of the entire holotype; (A) Ventrolateral view; (B) Lateral view. Scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 6. Holotype after three years in 60 % ethanol; (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view. Scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 8. Altitudinal distribution of Bolitoglossa species in western Panama. Species roughly arranged according to their occurrence on the slopes of the Cordillera Central.
FIGURE 4. Dorsal view and x in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 4. Dorsal view and x-ray images of hands and feet of Bolitoglossa jugivagans. (A) Right hand in dorsal view with corresponding x-ray image to the right. (B) Right foot in dorsal top view with corresponding x-ray image to the right. Scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama
FIGURE 3. Tooth counts in relation to SVL of Bolitoglossa species resembling each other morphologically (males and females are shown together; see Material and Methods for source of data). (A) Maxillary teeth (MT) divided by snout-vent length (SVL). (B) Vomerine teeth (VT) divided by snout-vent length (SVL).
Subspecies and Distribution. L.t.townsenditBachman,1839—WoftheContinentalDivideinSWCanada(SBritishColumbia)andWUSA(fromNCWashingtontoWWyoming,NWColorado,Utah,NENevada,andECCalifornia). L. t. campanius Hollister, 1915 — E of the Continental Divide in SC Canada (from S Alberta to extreme SW Ontario) and NC USA (from W Montana to E Wisconsin and S to NC New Mexico, N Nebraska, and NW Missouri). in Leporidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L.t.townsenditBachman,1839—WoftheContinentalDivideinSWCanada(SBritishColumbia)andWUSA(fromNCWashingtontoWWyoming,NWColorado,Utah,NENevada,andECCalifornia). L. t. campanius Hollister, 1915 — E of the Continental Divide in SC Canada (from S Alberta to extreme SW Ontario) and NC USA (from W Montana to E Wisconsin and S to NC New Mexico, N Nebraska, and NW Missouri).
Data from: Continental divide: predicting climate-mediated fragmentation and biodiversity loss in the boreal forest
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