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53 results for “Contrast sensitivity”
Data from: Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine-oak ecotone
<p>1. Forest decline under environmental stress is expressed by regeneration failure and accelerated mortality in all ontogenic stages at the population level. Characterizing functional traits and mechanisms that best capture species decline and mortality is essential to assess forest dynamics. 2. We analyzed sensitivity to increasing water stress in two species with different water-use strategies on a mixed Quercus pyrenaica - Pinus sylvestris forest where adult pines express vulnerability to climate change but oaks do not. We compared dynamics of radial growth, wood δ13C and sapwood nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in response to drought at different time scales in both species and two age-cohorts in pine. 3. Both species were very sensitive to water stress, which influenced trait phenotypic plasticity at short- and long-time scales. Water-use strategy in pines of both ages was more conservative than in the more drought-tolerant oak. Both species showed negative growth trends despite increasing iWUE. Recent growth of pines is slower than it was in the past. Carbon isotope discrimination trends in young pines suggested increasing leaf gas exchange constraints. NSC were far from depletion in both species and all pine ages. Intra- and inter-annual NSC variability was higher in oaks than in pines and in soluble sugars (SS) than in starch. SS were lowest in young pines. Sensitivity of NSC to contrasting climatic years was low in pines, which NSC mostly remained homeostatic. The sensitivity to climate expressed suggests different C-allocation strategies, with less coupling between radial growth and current year photosynthesis in young pines. 4. Synthesis. Pines expressed negative responses to increased water stress regardless of age, showing rising gas-exchange constraints through tighter stomatal control of water losses than oaks. Young pines showed similar functional responses to water stress than old pines in decline, which suggests species-level vulnerability and could be regarded as early-warning signals anticipating mortality in pines. Yet, given the high sensitivity to drought also expressed by the non-declining oak, it would have been difficult to unequivocally disentangle species decline based only on the traits analysed.</p>
Datasets for "Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types" - Version 2
<p>Version 2 of datasets used for analyses in the paper titled "Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types" submitted to Biogeosciences. There are two datasets - one from Kopuatai bog, Aotearoa New Zealand, and one from Mer Bleue bog, Canada - which contain gap-filled and filtered data that were used to produce the results of our study.</p> <p>Due to improvements made to our methodology following the paper peer review process, the data in this version slightly differs from that of the previous version. Information on these revisions can be found in the README file below or the Discussion/Peer Review tab of our paper.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Contrasting sensitivity of weathering proxies to Quaternary climate and sea-level fluctuations on the southern slope of the South China Sea
<p>Tropical marginal seas host important sedimentary archives that may be exploited to reveal past changes in continental erosion, chemical weathering, and ocean dynamics. However, these records can be challenging to interpret due to the complex interactions between climate and particulate transport across ocean margins. For the southern South China Sea over the last 90 kyr, we observe a contrasting temporal relationship between the deposition of clay minerals and magnetic minerals, which were associated with two different hydrodynamic modes. Fine-grained clay minerals can be carried in suspension by ocean currents, leading to a rapid response to regional climate-driven inputs. In contrast, changes in magnetic mineralogy were linked to glacial-interglacial sea-level variability, from which we infer a control by bedload transport and resuspension. Overall, this study indicates that the transfer pathways and mechanisms imparted by varying hydrodynamic conditions exert a substantial influence on the distribution of terrigenous material in continental margin sediments.</p>
Data from: Contrasting climate sensitivity of Pinus cembra tree-ring traits in the Carpathians
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>High elevation ecosystems are one of the most sensitive to climate change. The analysis of growth and xylem structure of trees from marginal populations, especially the ones growing at the treeline, could provide early-warning signs to better understand species-specific responses to future climate conditions. In this study, we combined classical dendrochronology with wood density and anatomical measurements to investigate the climate sensitivity of <em>Pinus cembra</em> L., a typical European high-elevation tree species </span><span>distributed in isolated patches</span><span> in the Carpathians. Samples were collected from the Retezat Mountains, South-Western Romania. We analyzed ring-width (TRW), maximum density (MXD), xylem anatomical traits (cell number per ring (CNo), cell density (CD), conduit area (CA), and cell-wall </span><span>thickness (CWT)) time series, split into </span><span>ring </span><span>sectors and assessed the relationships with monthly and daily climate records over the last century (1901-2015). The analysis showed a strong dependency of TRW on CNo and MXD on CWT. Summer temperature positively correlated with MXD and CWT (monthly correlation (<em><span>r) </span></em><span>were<em> </em></span>0.65 and 0.48 respectively) from the early- to late-wood but not TRW (<em><span>r</span></em>=0.22). CA positively correlated with water availability (<em><span>r=</span></em>0.37) and negatively correlated with temperature (<em><span>r=</span></em>-0.39). This study improves our general understanding of the climate-growth relationships of a European</span><span> high-elevation tree species and the results could be considered for forecasting population dynamics on projected changes in climate.</span></p>
The Effect of a New Emulsion in Dry Eye Patients on Tear Layer Aberrometry, Contrast Sensitivity, and Reading Ability
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01013077. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity Test
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01300949. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Role of Glare and Spectral Filtering on Contrast Sensitivity: A Pilot Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05582304. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data on contrasting sensitivities to seasonal warming among co-occurring diseases
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine-oak ecotone
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Contrasting climate sensitivity of Pinus cembra tree-ring traits in the Carpathians
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Insect visual sensitivity to long wavelengths enhances colour contrast against vegetation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The sensitivity of animal photoreceptors to different wavelengths of light strongly influence the perceived visual contrast of objects in the environment. Outside of the human visual wavelength range, ultraviolet sensitivity in many species provides important and behaviourally relevant visual contrast between objects. However, at the opposite end of the spectrum, the potential advantage of red sensitivity remains unclear. We investigated the potential benefit of long wavelength sensitivity by modelling the visual contrast of a wide range of jewel beetle colours against flowers and leaves of their host plants to hypothetical insect visual systems. We find that the presence of a long wavelength sensitive photoreceptor increases estimated colour contrast, particularly of beetles against leaves. Moreover, under our model parameters, a trichromatic visual system with ultraviolet (λ<sub>max</sub> = 355 nm), short (λ<sub>max</sub> = 445 nm) and long (λ<sub>max</sub> = 600 nm) wavelength photoreceptors performed as well as a tetrachromatic visual system, which had an additional medium wavelength photoreceptor (λ<sub>max</sub> = 530 nm). When we varied λ<sub>max</sub> for the long wavelength sensitive receptor in a tetrachromatic system, contrast values between beetles, flowers and leaves were all enhanced with increasing λ<sub>max</sub> from 580 nm to at least 640 nm. These results suggest a potential advantage of red sensitivity in visual discrimination of insect colours against vegetation and highlight the potential adaptive value of long wavelength sensitivity in insects.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Supporting Information: DATA and CODE. Contrasted impacts of weather conditions in species sensitive to both survival and fecundity: a montane bird case study.
<p>This folder contains the R code (file “Rock_partridge_IPM.r “) of the integrated population model (IPM) used to study the population dynamics of the rock partridge in the French Alps, along with associated data (file “jags.data”). The integrated population model allowed us to model survival and breeding success (split in several steps) simultaneously. Data were collected by the French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) and the Observatory of mountain galliformes (OGM: <a href="https://www.observatoire-galliformes-montagne.com/">https://www.observatoire-galliformes-montagne.com/</a>). The “Read.me” file provides a detailed description of the different datasets. We also included values of the covariates used to study the influence of weather variation on survival and breeding success (files “covariates_survival”, “covariates_brood_size” and “covariates_brood_size_per_site”).</p>
Data and code for "Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands"
<p>Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature’s contribution to people. The extent to<br>which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unknown. Using a coordinated distributed <br>experiment that simulated four-years of growing-season drought (~66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six grasslands <br>spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America - two of the Northern Hemisphere’s largest grass-dominated regions. Aboveground <br>plant production declined substantially with drought in the Eurasian grasslands and effects accumulated over time, while the declines were less severe and more <br>muted over time in the North American grasslands. Drought effects on species richness shifted from positive to negative in Eurasia, but from negative to positive <br>in North America over time. The differing responses of plant production in these grasslands were accompanied by less common (subordinate) plant species <br>declining in Eurasian grasslands but increasing in North American grasslands. Our findings demonstrate the high production sensitivity of Eurasian compared <br>to North American grasslands to extreme drought (43.6% vs. 25.2% reduction), and the key role of subordinate species in determining impacts of extreme drought on grassland productivity. </p>
Contrasting sensitivity of nestling and fledgling Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica body mass to local weather conditions
<p>Local weather can influence the growth and development of young birds, either indirectly, by modifying prey availability, or directly, by affecting energetic trade‐offs. Such effects can have lasting implications for life history traits, but the nature of these effects may vary with the developmental stage of the birds, and over timescales from days to weeks. We examined the interactive effects of temperature, rainfall and wind speed on the mass of nestling and fledgling Barn Swallows <i>Hirundo rustica</i>, both on the day of capture and averaging weather across the time since hatching. At the daily timescale, nestling mass was negatively correlated with temperature, but the strength of this association depended on the level of rainfall and wind speed; nestlings were typically heavier on dry or windy days, and the negative effect of temperature was strongest under calm or wet conditions. At the early lifetime timescale (i.e. from hatching to post‐fledging), nestling mass was negatively correlated with temperature at low wind speed. Fledgling body mass was less sensitive to weather; the only weather effects evident were a negative correlation with temperature at the daily scale under high rainfall that became slightly positive under low rainfall. These changes are consistent with weather effects on availability and distribution of insects within the landscape (e.g. causing high concentrations of flying insects), and with the effects of weather variation on nest microclimate. These results together demonstrate the impacts of weather on chick growth, over immediate (daily) and longer term (nestling/fledgling lifetime) timescales. This shows that sensitivity to local weather conditions varies across the early lifetime of young birds (nestling‐fledgling stages) and illustrates the mechanisms by which larger scale (climate) variations influence the body condition of individuals.</p>
The Purpose is to Evaluate Visual Acuity for Distance, Intermediate and Near and Additionally Contrast Sensitivity at 25% and 10% of Illumination After Implantation of Trifocal IOL, Extended Range of
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07008768. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Wavefront Analysis and Contrast Sensitivity After Cataract Surgery With Akreos Advanced Optics Intraocular Lens Implantation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00863759. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Spherical Aberration and Contrast Sensitivity in IOLs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00576485. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Test-Retest Variability of Quick Contrast Sensitivity Function Testing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02177669. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Wavefront Analisys and Contrast Sensitivity of Spherical and Aspherical Intraocular Lenses
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00347243. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Intravitreous Bevacizumab and Standard Metabolic Control for Diabetic Macular Edema - A Contrast Sensitivity Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02308644. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.