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196 results for “Craniofacial”
FIGURE 4 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 4. Comparison of palatal and mandibular bones: Albertosaurus libratus vomer (A) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (ROM 1247, C) in rostroventral view, growth series of surangulars (ROM 1247, E; CMN 2120, F) in lateral view, angular (ROM 1247, H) in lateral view, and growth series of prearticulars (ROM 1247, J; CMN 2120, K) in medial view. Daspletosaurus torosus vomer (CMN 8506, B) in lateral view, ectopterygoid (CMN 8506, D) in rostroventral view, surangular (CMN 8506, G) in lateral view, angular (CMN 8506, I) in lateral view, and prearticular (CMN 8506, L, M) in medial view. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 3. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: lacrimals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, A; ROM 1247 B; AMNH 5336, C, D; CMN 2120, E); jugals in lateral view (ROM 1247, I; AMNH 5336, J; CMN 2120, K); and postorbitals in lateral view (TMP 86.144.1, M; AMNH 5664, N; AMNH 5336, O). Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. lacrimals in lateral view (CMN 8506, F; TMP 85.62.1, G; CMN 11594, H); jugal in lateral view (FMNH PR308, L); and postorbitals in lateral view (CMN 11594, P; FMNH PR308, Q). Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; J is not to scale.
FIGURE 2 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 2. Growth series of Albertosaurus libratus craniofacial bones: nasals in dorsal view (TMP 86.144.1, B; ROM 1247, C); maxillae in lateral (ROM 1247, E; AMNH 5336, F) and medial (CMN 12063, J; ROM 1247, I) views. Craniofacial bones of Daspletosaurus torosus'. premaxilla (CMN 8506, A); nasals (CMN 8506, D) in dorsal view; maxilla in lateral (CMN 8506, G; AMNH 5346, H) and medial (CMN 8506, K) views. Arrows indicate features discussed in text. Bones have been reversed to face right when required. Scale bar equals 50 mm; F is not to scale.
FIGURE 1 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 1. Relative completeness of the skull and jaws of FMNH PR308 (Daspletosaurus torosus) in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Skull length is 1,050 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 8. Comparison of Stage 1 (CMNH 7541) and Stage 4 (AMNH 5027, MOR 555) skulls of Tyrannosaurus rex in palatal (A, B), dorsal (C, D), lateral (E, F), caudal (G, H), and rostral (I, J) views. Numbered labels indicate T. rex autapomorphies: (1) nasal processes of the premaxillae tightly appressed throughout their entire length; (2) restricted exposure of the jugal within the antorbital fenestra; (3) antorbital fossa reaches the nasal suture caudodorsally; (4) transversely broad jugal pneumatic recess; (5) elongate frontal sagittal crest; (6) strongly divergent and short basal tubers; (7) rostroventrally-oriented caudal occipital plate; (8) shallow subcondylar recess; (9) rostroventrally deep basisphenoid plate and rostrocaudally-restricted basisphenoid recess; (10) inflated ectopterygoid; (11) strongly convex rostral plate of the surangular; (12) transversely narrow snout and broad temporal region relative to other tyrannosaurids; and (13) deep mandible relative to other tyrannosaurids.
Data from: Australian rodents reveal conserved craniofacial evolutionary allometry across 10 million years of murid evolution
<p>Among vertebrates, placental mammals are particularly variable in the covariance between cranial shape and body size (allometry), with rodents a major exception. Australian murid rodents allow an assessment of the cause of this anomaly because they radiated on an ecologically diverse continent notably lacking other terrestrial placentals. Here we use 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify species-level and evolutionary allometries in 38 species (317 crania) from all Australian murid genera. We ask if ecological opportunity resulted in greater allometric diversity compared to other rodents, or if conserved allometry suggests intrinsic constraints and/or stabilizing selection. We also assess whether cranial shape variation follows the proposed "rule of craniofacial evolutionary allometry" (CREA), whereby larger species have relatively longer snouts and smaller braincases. To ensure we could differentiate parallel versus non-parallel species-level allometric slopes, we compared the slopes of rarefied samples across all clades. We found exceedingly conserved allometry and CREA-like patterns across the 10 million year split between <i>Mus</i> and Australian murids. This could support both intrinsic constraints and stabilizing selection hypotheses for conserved allometry. Large-bodied frugivores evolved faster than other species along the allometric trajectory, which could suggest stabilizing selection on the shape of the masticatory apparatus as body size changes.</p>
Replication R code and data for "Geometric morphometric investigation of craniofacial morphological change in domesticated silver foxes"
<p>This repository holds various files and R code used in the publication of the manuscript entitled "Geometric morphometric investigation of craniofacial morphological change in domesticated silver foxes".</p> <p>Data files include: The 3D landmark coordinates of each individual specimen (Fox_data_Morphologika.txt), the linear measurement data associated with those foxes (fox_linear_volume_data.csv), and replication data measurements. </p> <p>The following files include the R code used to perform the analyses contained within the paper:</p> <p>1_Procrustes_analysis - details the Geometric morphometrics analyses performed</p> <p>2_linear_models - details the model specification for the GLS models employed in the paper</p> <p>3_graph_code - contains R script for the creation of the graphs displayed in the paper</p> <p>4_repeatability_script - contains R code that details the statistical calculations made with the repeatability measurements indicated above. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 6 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na,
FIGURE 6 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer.
FIGURE 6 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 6. Continued os nasale; ot, os otoccipitale; pa, os parietale; pl, os palatinum; pmx, os premaxillare; pra, os prearticulare; prf, os prefrontale; pt, os pterygoideum; qj, os quadratojugale; qu, os quadratum; qu for, foramen quadratum; rec pnu bs, recessus pneumaticum basisphenoidale; rec pn pl, recessus pneumaticum palatinum; sq, os squamosum; spl, os spleniale; spl fen, fenestra spleniale; suborb fen, fenestra suborbitalis; sur, os surangulare; tp, tooth puncture; vo, vomer.
FIGURE 6 in Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)
FIGURE 6. Restored skull with occluded jaws of a Stage 1 Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), occipital (C), and palatal (D) views. Skull length is 572 mm. Rostral and transverse crushing of the suspensorium in A and B has not been corrected. Basisphenoid pneumatic foramina are restored in D; right squamosal is restored in B; occipital condyle is restored in C. Abbreviations: ang, os angulare; ar, os articulare; bo, os basioccipitale; bs, os basisphenoidale; bs rec cl, basisphenoid recess ceiling; co, os coronoideum; cr sag, crista sagittalis; dn, os dentale; ect, os ectopterygoideum; imf, fenestra intramandibulare; ipv, vacuita interpterygoideum; la, os lacrimale; mx, os maxillare; na,
FIGURE 3 in Patterns of craniofacial variation and taxonomic diversity in the South African Cercopithecidae fossil record
FIGURE 3. Principle components analyses (PCA) of cranial variation in extant papionins and the fossil sample. 1 and 2, PCA including maximum cranial length, orbital width, interorbital breadth, and palate length raw measurements for 81 extant papionins (1) and 25 fossil cercopithecids (2). PC1 and PC2 of the extant sample comprise 82.2% and 8.1% of the variation, respectively, and PC1 and PC2 of the fossil sample comprise 67.8% and 21.6% of the variation, respectively. Note how well the measurements discriminate extant species, and how Papio h. ursinus (TM211) and one specimen of Theropithecus darti (TP9) are distinct from the other fossils. 3 and 4, PCA including orbital width, interorbital breadth, muzzle width (ectomolare), maximum width (canine), palate width (M3), palate width (canine), and palate length in 81 extant papionins (3) and 33 fossil cercopithecids (4). PC1 and PC2 of the extant sample comprise 86.6% and 4.8% of the variation, respectively, and PC1 and PC2 of the fossil sample comprise 66.1% and 12.7% of the variation, respectively. Note how well the measurements discriminate extant species, and that Cercopithecoides and Papio hamadryas are distinct from the other fossils.
FIGURE 2 in Patterns of craniofacial variation and taxonomic diversity in the South African Cercopithecidae fossil record
FIGURE 2. Bivariate plots of cranial measurements of extant papionins and the fossil sample. 1 and 2, Bivariate plot comparing cranial length and cranial breadth in extant papionins (1) and the fossil sample (2). 3 and 4, Bivariate plot comparing face length and muzzle width (ectomolare) in extant papionins (3) and the fossil sample (4). Note high correlations and the lack of a consistent taxonomic pattern across the distribution of fossil specimens. All bivariate correlations are significant at p <0.0004.
FIGURE 1 in Patterns of craniofacial variation and taxonomic diversity in the South African Cercopithecidae fossil record
FIGURE 1. Six of the fossil cercopithecid specimens used in this study. 1, UCMP 125854, Papio izodi. 2, UCMP 125856, Papio izodi. 3, MP221, Parapapio jonesi. 4, TP9, Procercocebus antiquus. 5, MP222, Theropithecus darti. 6, STS394A, Cercopithecoides williamsi.
Structural Fat Grafting for Craniofacial Trauma Using Manual Technique for Processing Fat Graft Material
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02267187. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Trophic niche drives the evolution of craniofacial shape in Trinidadian guppies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Australian rodents reveal conserved craniofacial evolutionary allometry across 10 million years of murid evolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Hedgehog signaling is necessary and sufficient to mediate craniofacial plasticity in teleosts
<p>Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes under different environmental conditions, is critical for the origins and maintenance of biodiversity; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying plasticity as well as how variation in those mechanisms can drive evolutionary change remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the cichlid feeding apparatus, an icon of both prodigious evolutionary divergence and adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We first provide a tissue-level mechanism for plasticity in craniofacial shape by measuring rates of bone deposition within functionally salient elements of the feeding apparatus in fishes forced to employ alternate foraging modes. We show that levels and patterns of phenotypic plasticity are distinct among closely related cichlid species, underscoring the evolutionary potential of this trait. Next, we demonstrate that hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which has been implicated in the evolutionary divergence of cichlid feeding architecture, is associated with environmentally induced rates of bone deposition. Finally, to demonstrate that Hh levels are the cause of the plastic response and not simply the consequence of producing more bone, we use transgenic zebrafish in which Hh levels could be experimentally manipulated under different foraging conditions. Notably, we find that the ability to modulate bone deposition rates in different environments is dampened when Hh levels are reduced, whereas the sensitivity of bone deposition to different mechanical demands increases with elevated Hh levels. These data advance a mechanistic understanding of phenotypic plasticity in the teleost feeding apparatus and in doing so contribute key insights into the origins of adaptive morphological radiations.</p>
3D Modelling of Craniofacial Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism in Children
<p>Template and data used in the project "3D Modelling of Craniofacial Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism in Children"</p>
Data from: Effect of craniofacial genotype on the relationship between morphology and feeding performance in cichlid fishes
The relationship between morphology and performance is complex, but important for understanding the adaptive nature of morphological variation. Recent studies have sought to better understand this system by illuminating the interconnectedness of different functional systems; however, the role of genetics is often overlooked. In this study, we attempt to gain insights into this relationship by examining the effect of genotypic variation at putative craniofacial loci on the relationship between morphology and feeding performance in cichlids. We studied two morphologically disparate species, as well as a morphologically intermediate hybrid population. We assessed feeding performance, jaw protrusion, and general facial morphology for each fish. We also genotyped hybrid animals at six previously identified craniofacial loci. Cichlid species were found to differ in facial geometry, kinematic morphology, and performance. Significant correlations were also noted between these variables; however, the explanatory power of facial geometry in predicting performance was relatively poor. Notably, when hybrids were grouped by genotype, the relationship between shape and performance improved. This relationship was especially robust in animals with the specialist allele at sox9b, a well-characterized regulator of craniofacial development. These data suggest a novel role for genotype in influencing complex relationships between form and function.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.