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102 results for “Crassostrea”
mRNA expression data of genes related to mitochondrial quality control in hepatopancreas of the two marine bivalves, Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas, during short-term hypoxia/reoxygenation stress
<p>Coastal environments commonly experience strong oxygen fluctuations. Resulting hypoxia/reoxygenation stress can negatively affect mitochondrial functions, since oxygen deficiency impairs ATP generation, whereas a surge of oxygen causes mitochondrial damage by oxidative stress mechanisms. Marine intertidal bivalves are adapted to fluctuating oxygen conditions, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function during oxygen fluctuations are not yet well understood. We used targeted mRNA expression analysis to determine the potential involvement of the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in responses to short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.01% O<sub>2</sub>) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h at 21% O<sub>2</sub>) in two hypoxia-tolerant marine bivalves, the Pacific oysters <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> and the blue mussels <em>Mytilus edulis</em>. To test these hypotheses, We focused on the transcript levels of the following marker genes: for mitochondrial fission and fusion - <em>mfn</em>2 (encoding mitofusin 2), <em>opa</em>1 (mitochondrial dynamin-like 120kDa protein), <em>dnm</em>1<em>l </em>(dynamin-1-like protein), <em>mff</em> (mitochondrial fission factor), <em>fis</em>1 (mitochondrial fission protein 1); for protein and DNA quality control - <em>tsfm</em> (encoding mitochondrial translation elongation factor Ts), <em>lonp</em>1 (mitochondrial Lon protease), <em>spg</em>7 (paraplegin), <em>oma</em>1 (mitochondrial metalloendopeptidase OMA1), <em>clpB</em> (mitochondrial caseinolytic matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B), <em>atp</em>23 (mitochondrial inner membrane protease ATP23), <em>twnk</em> (mitochondrial twinkle mtDNA helicase); and for mitophagy - <em>mieap</em> (encoding mitochondrial eating protein), <em>hyou</em>1 (hypoxia upregulated protein 1), <em>prkn</em> (parkin), <em>pink</em>1 (PTEN- induced kinase 1), and <em>pgam</em>5 (mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase PGAM5). The revealed species-specific differences in the expression of the mitochondrial quality control pathways shed light on the potentially important mechanisms of mitochondrial protection against H/R-induced damage that might contribute to hypoxia tolerance in marine bivalves. </p>
Effects of Salinity on the Reproductive Cycle of the Mangrove Oyster Crassostrea tulipa in Hatchery Conditions
<p>Aim: Development of hatchery techniques for <i>Crassostrea gasar</i> seed supplies, including animal conditioning using salinity manipulation.</p><p>A protocol for conditioning using salinity manipulation for <i>C. gasar</i> was developed based on review of existing literature and data from previous projects. The protocol was tested and evaluated by university partners in southern Brazil, refined by Embrapa and then transferred to industry partners.</p>
Рис. 4. Сетка термальных ресурсов Зал. Посьета с кривой раЗвития личинок приморского гребешка (номограмма для 1972 г.). Fig. 4. A grif of thermal resources of waters of Possjet Bay and the curve line of development of larvae of the Crassostrea gigas (nomogram for 1972). in Review of methods for the forecast of mollusk's spat productivity in sea-farms of Primorye and probable ways of their enhancement
Рис. 4. Сетка термальных ресурсов Зал. Посьета с кривой раЗвития личинок приморского гребешка (номограмма для 1972 г.). Fig. 4. A grif of thermal resources of waters of Possjet Bay and the curve line of development of larvae of the Crassostrea gigas (nomogram for 1972).
Рис. 3. Сетка термальных ресурсов Зал. Посьета с кривой раЗвития личинок тихоокеанской устрицы (номограмма) [Раков, 1977]. Fig. 3. A grid of thermal resources of waters of Possjet Bay and the curve line of development of larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas (nomogram) [Rakov, 1977]. in Review of methods for the forecast of mollusk's spat productivity in sea-farms of Primorye and probable ways of their enhancement
Рис. 3. Сетка термальных ресурсов Зал. Посьета с кривой раЗвития личинок тихоокеанской устрицы (номограмма) [Раков, 1977]. Fig. 3. A grid of thermal resources of waters of Possjet Bay and the curve line of development of larvae of the giant oyster Crassostrea gigas (nomogram) [Rakov, 1977].
Рис. 9. Частотно-раЗмерное распределение створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раковинной кучи (все выборки). Fig. 9. Size-frequency distribution of valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from the shell-midden (all samples). in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 9. Частотно-раЗмерное распределение створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раковинной кучи (все выборки). Fig. 9. Size-frequency distribution of valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from the shell-midden (all samples).
Рис. 15. ПляЖи и пляЖевые танатоценоЗы б. Теляковского (июнь 2015 г.): А – северная часть бухты: пляЖ и валунно-глыбовая литораль; В – срединная часть бухты; С – массовые выбросы устриц (Crassostrea gigas), мидий (Crenomytilus grayanus) и модиолусов (Modiolus kurilensis) в северной части бухты; D – выбросы спиЗулы (Spisula sachalinensis) в срединной части бухты. Fig. 15. Beaches and beach thanatocoenoses of Telyakovskogo Bay (June 2015): A – northern part of the bay: a beach and rocky intertidal zone; B – middle part of the bay; C – abundant strandings of oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Crenomytilus grayanus and Modiolus kurilensis) in the northern part; D – strandings of Spisula sachalinensis in the middle part. in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 15. ПляЖи и пляЖевые танатоценоЗы б. Теляковского (июнь 2015 г.): А – северная часть бухты: пляЖ и валунно-глыбовая литораль; В – срединная часть бухты; С – массовые выбросы устриц (Crassostrea gigas), мидий (Crenomytilus grayanus) и модиолусов (Modiolus kurilensis) в северной части бухты; D – выбросы спиЗулы (Spisula sachalinensis) в срединной части бухты. Fig. 15. Beaches and beach thanatocoenoses of Telyakovskogo Bay (June 2015): A – northern part of the bay: a beach and rocky intertidal zone; B – middle part of the bay; C – abundant strandings of oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Crenomytilus grayanus and Modiolus kurilensis) in the northern part; D – strandings of Spisula sachalinensis in the middle part.
Рис. 9. Частотно-раЗмерное распределение створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раковинной кучи (все выборки). in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 9. Частотно-раЗмерное распределение створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раковинной кучи (все выборки).
Рис. 8. Характер фрагментации и сохранности створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2 (фракция крупных фагментов). in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 8. Характер фрагментации и сохранности створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2 (фракция крупных фагментов).
Рис. 7. Целые створки устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2. Fig. 7. Intact valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from excavation 2. in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 7. Целые створки устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2. Fig. 7. Intact valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from excavation 2.
Фототаблица 2 Plate 2 A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, высота 91.3 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 49.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 47.5 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 95.0 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 45.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, г. ЧхондЖин, рынок, длина 65.9 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 70.8 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38378/Bv-5784. A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell height 91.3 mm, ZMFU no. 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 49.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 47.5 mm, ZMFU no. 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 95.0 mm, ZMFU no. 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 45.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Chongjin City, market, shell length 65.9 mm, ZMFU no. 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 70.8 mm, ZMFU no. 38378/Bv-5784. in On the bivalve molluscan fauna of North Hamgyong Province (North Korea)
Фототаблица 2 Plate 2 A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, высота 91.3 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 49.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 47.5 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 95.0 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, Чипсам, длина 45.6 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, г. ЧхондЖин, рынок, длина 65.9 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): СевернаЯ КореЯ, провинциЯ Северный Хамгён, длина 70.8 мм, ЗМ ДВФУ № 38378/Bv-5784. A, B – Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell height 91.3 mm, ZMFU no. 38379/Bv-5785; C, D – Pododesmus (Monia) macrochisma (Deshayes, 1839): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 49.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38635/Bv-5915; E, F – Mactra (Mactra) chinensis Philippi, 1846: North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 47.5 mm, ZMFU no. 38353/Bv-5769; G, H – Spisula (Pseudocardium) sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1861): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 95.0 mm, ZMFU no. 38355/Bv-5771; I, J – Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Jipsam, shell length 45.6 mm, ZMFU no. 38625/Bv-5905; K–N – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, Chongjin City, market, shell length 65.9 mm, ZMFU no. 38377/Bv-5783; O–P – Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii (Bernardi, 1858): North Korea, North Hamgyong Province, shell length 70.8 mm, ZMFU no. 38378/Bv-5784.
Dataset: Biological Responses of Oyster Crassostrea gasar Exposed to Different Concentrations of Biofloc
<p>Dataset related to the following article and poster presentation</p> <ul> <li>COSTA, Léa Carolina de Oliveira et al. Biological Responses of Oyster Crassostrea gasar Exposed to Different Concentrations of Biofloc. Fishes, v. 8, n. 12, p. 586, 2023.</li> <li>Je Nam Jun Junior, Lea Costa, Silvia Botelho, Shaw Bamber, Marcelo Pias, Paulo Drews, Nelson Duarte Filho, Luis Poersch, Wilson Wasielesky, Bård Henriksen, Gilles Orazi, & Bruna Guterres. (2022). Biosensor technology for oysters behaviour assessment in biofloc environment. Aquaculture Europe 2022, Rimini (Italy). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362702</li> </ul>
Data from: Ocean acidification induces subtle shifts in gene expression and DNA methylation in mantle tissue of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
<p><b><span>Early evidence suggests that DNA methylation can mediate phenotypic responses of marine calcifying species to ocean acidification (OA). Few studies, however, have explicitly studied DNA methylation in calcifying tissues through time. Here, we examined the phenotypic and molecular responses in the extrapallial fluid and mantle (fluid and tissue at the calcification site) in adult eastern oyster (</span><span>Crassostrea virginica</span><span>) exposed to experimental OA over 80 days. Oysters were reared under three experimental </span><span>p</span><span>CO</span><span><span>2</span></span><span> treatments ('control', 580 μatm; 'moderate OA', 1000 μatm; 'high OA', 2800 μatm) and sampled at 6 time points (24 hours - 80 days). We found that high OA initially induced an increase in the pH of the extrapallial fluid (pH</span><span><span>EPF</span></span><span>) relative to the external seawater that peaked at day 9, but then diminished over time. Calcification rates were significantly lower in the high OA treatment compared to the other treatments. To explore how oysters regulate their extrapallial fluid, gene expression and DNA methylation were examined in the mantle-edge tissue of oysters from days 9 and 80 in the control and high OA treatments. Mantle tissue mounted a significant global molecular response (both in the transcriptome and methylome) to OA that shifted through time. Although we did not find individual genes that were significantly differentially expressed under OA, the pH</span><span><span>EPF</span></span><span> was significantly correlated with the eigengene expression of several co-expressed gene clusters. A small number of OA-induced differentially methylated loci were discovered, which corresponded with a weak association between OA-induced changes in genome-wide gene body DNA methylation and gene expression.</span><span> </span><span>Gene body methylation, however, was not significantly correlated with the eigengene expression of pH</span><span><span>EPF</span></span><span>-correlated gene clusters. These results suggest that OA induces a subtle response in a large number of genes in </span><span>C. virginica</span><span>, but also indicate that plasticity at the molecular level may be limited. Our study highlights the need to reassess our understanding of tissue-specific molecular responses in marine calcifiers</span><span>, </span><span>as well as the role of DNA methylation and gene expression in mediating physiological and biomineralization responses to OA. </span></b></p>
Data from: Genetic by environmental variation but no local adaptation in oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Functional trait variation within and across populations can strongly influence population, community, and ecosystem processes, but the relative contributions of genetic vs. environmental factors to this variation are often not clear, potentially complicating conservation and restoration efforts. For example, local adaptation, a particular type of genetic by environmental (G*E) interaction in which the fitness of a population in its own habitat is greater than in other habitats, is often invoked in management practices, even in the absence of supporting evidence. Despite increasing attention to the potential for G*E interactions, few studies have tested multiple populations and environments simultaneously, limiting our understanding of the spatial consistency in patterns of adaptive genetic variation. In addition, few studies explicitly differentiate adaptation in response to predation from other biological and environmental factors. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment of first-generation eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) juveniles from six populations across three field sites spanning 1000 km in the southeastern Atlantic Bight in both the presence and absence of predation to test for G*E variation in this economically valuable and ecologically important species. We documented significant G*E variation in survival and growth, yet there was no evidence for local adaptation. Condition varied across oyster cohorts: Offspring of northern populations had better condition than offspring from the center of our region. Oyster populations in the southeastern Atlantic Bight differ in juvenile survival, growth, and condition, yet offspring from local broodstock do not have higher survival or growth than those from farther away. In the absence of population-specific performance information, oyster restoration and aquaculture may benefit from incorporating multiple populations into their practices.
Bivalvo Crassostrea valva izquierda
**Ejemplar:** *Crassostrea crassissima* **Edad:** 11,6-7,2 Tortoniense (Mioceno Superior) **Localidad:** Valencia **Descripción:** ejemplar de valva original izquierda de un bivalvo ostreido preservada en calcita y con evidencias de perforaciones de bivalvos litófagos. **Dimensión ejemplar:** 39 cm. longitud máxima **Sigla museo, colección y entidad:** MGUV 36167a , colección bivalvos 3D, Museo de la Universidad de Valencia de Historia Natural **Técnica digitalización / modelo:** escaneado superficial, escáner 3D Einscan Pro **Software empleado:** einscan Pro v3.1.0.2 **Parámetros software:** modo fijo con plataforma giratoria, 8 escaneos, calidad media **Archivo 3D: ** Obj 125 Mb , textura JPG 3 Mb **Autor digitalización:** Jose A. Villena **Cita ejemplar:** modelo 3D Museo Universitat de València de Historia Natural Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Crassostrea crassissima
**Ejemplar:** *Crassostrea crassissima* **Edad:** 11,6-7,2 Tortoniense (Mioceno Superior) **Localidad:** Valencia **Descripción:** ejemplar de valva original derecha de un bivalvo ostreido preservada en calcita y con evidencias de perforaciones de bivalvos litófagos. **Dimensión ejemplar:** 39 cm. longitud máxima **Sigla museo, colección y entidad:** MGUV 36167b , colección bivalvos 3D, Museo de la Universidad de Valencia de Historia Natural **Técnica digitalización / modelo:** escaneado superficial, escáner 3D Einscan Pro **Software empleado:** einscan Pro v3.1.0.2 **Parámetros software:** modo fijo con plataforma giratoria, 8 escaneos, calidad media **Archivo 3D: ** Obj 106 Mb , textura JPG 7,4 Mb **Autor digitalización:** Jose A. Villena **Cita ejemplar:** modelo 3D Museo Universitat de València de Historia Natural Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bivalvo Crassostrea longirostris
**Especie**: Crassostrea longirostris **Edad:** Mioceno Superior (12-5 Ma) **Localidad**: desconocida **Descripción:** valva izquierda incompleta **Dimensión ejemplar:** 32 cm. diámetro máximo **Sigla museo, colección y entidad:** CPAO 0005 (Colección paleontológica de Aras de los Olmos) (Ecomuseo) **Técnica digitalización / modelo**: escaneado superficial, escáner 3D Einscan Pro **Software empleado**: einscan Pro v3.1.0.2 **Parámetros software:** modo fijo con plataforma giratoria, 2 escaneos (17 paradas), calidad media **Archivo 3D:** Obj 144 Mb , textura JPG 1,16 Mb **Autor digitalización:** Jose A. Villena **Cita ejemplar**: modelo 3D colección paleontológica Ecomuseo Aras de los Olmos (Valencia) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Morphometrics and nutrient concentration of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) sampled from Chesapeake Bay, USA
<p><span><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></span> Ward Slacum and Olivia Caretti from the Oyster Recovery Partnership for providing the support and resources to compile the initial oyster BMP dataset and maintenance. </p> <p><strong><u>Background Information</u></strong></p> <p>The Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) approved the use of eastern oyster (<em>Crassostrea virginica</em>) aquaculture as a nitrogen and phosphorus reduction best management practice in December 2016. The CBP decision was based on the recommendations of the Oyster Best Management Practice Expert Panel. The approved BMP report, “Panel Recommendations on the Oyster BMP Nutrient and Suspended Sediment Reduction Effectiveness Determination Decision Framework and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Assimilation in Oyster Tissue Reduction Effectiveness for Oyster Aquaculture Practices” is available here: <a href="https://d18lev1ok5leia.cloudfront.net/chesapeakebay/documents/Oyster_BMP_1st_Report_Final_Approved_2016-12-19.pdf">https://d18lev1ok5leia.cloudfront.net/chesapeakebay/documents/Oyster_BMP_1st_Report_Final_Approved_2016-12-19.pdf</a></p> <p>And a summary fact sheet about the report and the panel’s findings is available here: <a href="https://oysterrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/June_2018-FINAL-bmp-fact-sheet-1.pdf">https://oysterrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/June_2018-FINAL-bmp-fact-sheet-1.pdf</a></p> <p>The panel’s recommendations were based on an analysis of two datasets: 1) available literature for eastern oyster tissue nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (%) across the Northeast region of the United States, and 2) available literature for the relationship between shell height (mm) vs. tissue dry weight (g) for eastern oysters sampled within Chesapeake Bay, USA. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration datasets were relatively small, and the data were published in the report. The dataset describing the relationship between oyster shell height vs. tissue dry weight was much larger (n = 6,816). The report contains summary statistics and visual representations of the data, but the data themselves were not publicly released.</p> <p>A second report was released by the Oyster Best Management Practice Expert Panel in 2023, with additional analysis of an expanded dataset for the relationship between oyster shell height vs. tissue dry weight (n = 10,786) and a new dataset for the relationship between oyster shell height vs. shell dry weight to support the development of an oyster restoration BMP. The second BMP report, “Nitrogen and Phosphorus Reduction Associated with Harvest of Hatchery-Produced Oysters and Reef Restoration: Assimilation and Enhanced Denitrification” is available here:</p> <p><a href="https://d18lev1ok5leia.cloudfront.net/chesapeakebay/documents/Oyster-BMP-Second-Report_Approved_with_Minutes.pdf">https://d18lev1ok5leia.cloudfront.net/chesapeakebay/documents/Oyster-BMP-Second-Report_Approved_with_Minutes.pdf</a></p> <p>The second report contains summary statistics and visual representations of the data, but the data themselves were not publicly released.</p> <p><strong><em><u>Data Description</u></em></strong></p> <p>This repository contains 77% of the data (n = 8,395) used by the Chesapeake Bay Program’s Oyster Best Management Practice Expert Panel to develop its recommendations for both the 2016 first report and the 2023 second report. Some of the data in this repository were previously published in the peer-reviewed literature as summary statistics, but the raw data were not archived. The remaining data are either not currently available or are published in the gray literature. Two datasets that were used in the Expert Panel analysis are not included in this repository, as the data are unpublished with the data owners intending to publish these data in the future.</p> <p>The repository is organized with individual oyster samples as rows and a combination of numerical and categorical information as columns. Each row/sample in the repository contains data on oyster shell height (mm) and oyster dry weight (g), data source, and sample collection location information. Location information is presented across columns with different levels of spatial resolution. This repository also contains additional information provided by scientists when available, such as nitrogen, carbon, or phosphorus concentration, details about the oyster source and growth conditions, and sampling time (e.g., season/date/year).</p>
Morphometrics and nutrient concentration of farmed eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from the US Northeast Region
<p><strong><u>Acknowledgements</u></strong></p> <p>This work was supported by the NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture. Thanks to Marta Gomez-Chiarri, PG Harris, Mark Luckenbach, and Christine Thompson for sharing data, although these data were not included in the final repository.</p> <p><strong><u>Background Information</u></strong></p> <p>The removal of excess nitrogen from eutrophic environments is an ecosystem service provided by shellfish aquaculture that is well described in the literature (Lindahl et al., 2005; Rose et al., 2014; Petersen et al., 2014; Clements and Comeau, 2019). Nitrogen removal associated with shellfish farms can occur via three mechanisms: the assimilation of nitrogen into tissue and shell, which is removed from the waterbody when animals are harvested; the enhancement of sediment denitrification through biodeposit production on farms; and the long-term burial of biodeposits.</p> <p>A robust calculation of the nitrogen removed at shellfish harvest has been previously published using relatively simple metrics: the nitrogen concentration of tissue/shell, the number and mean size of animals harvested, and a conversion of animal size to tissue and shell dry weight (Reichert-Nguyen et al., 2016; Clements and Comeau, 2019). The quantity of nitrogen removed at shellfish harvest has been previously predicted with high confidence, which has led to the integration of oyster and clam aquaculture into nutrient management programs at the local and estuary scale in the United States (Town of Mashpee, 2015; Reichert-Nguyen et al., 2016; Reitsma et al., 2017).</p> <p>The data in this repository were compiled with the intention of expanding the geographic scope of calculation of nitrogen removal associated with harvested eastern oysters (<em>Crassostrea virginica</em>), and to evaluate variation in this ecosystem service across common cultivation practices and ploidy. Data were obtained from sampling locations across the US from the state of North Carolina north to the state of Maine. Data are included for both diploid and triploid oysters, and for three common styles of cultivation: oysters grown on bottom without the use of aquaculture gear, oysters grown in bottom cages, and oysters grown in floating gear at the sea surface. Data curation was undertaken to obtain a dataset that most closely reflects on-farm conditions as possible. The highest priority was to find data collected from working oyster farms, and a second priority was to identify data collected by scientists who employed common cultivation practices in their research studies. In one state within the region (Rhode Island) we were unable to locate data that fit the previous description, and instead have included data from wild oysters from waterbodies that have oyster farms.</p> <p>This data set was used to support the development of the Aquaculture Nutrient Removal Calculator (ANRC,<a href="https://connect.fisheries.noaa.gov/ANRC/">https://connect.fisheries.noaa.gov/ANRC/</a>), a tool designed for use by both shellfish farmers and managers within the aquaculture permit review process. The ANRC is a publicly available, simple online tool that was developed in direct response to feedback from aquaculture resource managers. The ANRC accurately predicts harvest-based nitrogen removal from an eastern oyster farm located within the geographic range of North Carolina to Maine, USA. We have taken an adaptive management approach to tool development, basing our tool on current best available scientific information, with the intention of maintaining and updating this tool when new information and data become available in the future.</p> <p><strong><u>Data Description</u></strong></p> <p>This repository contains information on morphometrics and nitrogen concentration of tissue and shell for eastern oysters sampled within the US geographic region spanning the states of North Carolina to Maine. Some of the data in this repository (6 of 10 sources) were previously published as summary statistics in the peer-reviewed literature, but the raw data included here were not archived. Three datasets were not previously published in raw or summary form. One dataset is publicly available in a technical report.</p> <p>The repository is organized with individual oysters as rows and numerical/categorical information associated with those oyster samples as columns. Each sample in the repository contains data on oyster shell height (mm), tissue dry weight (g), data source, ploidy, cultivation practice, and location of sample collection. The repository also contains additional information provided by data sources as available, such as shell dry weight, nitrogen, carbon, sampling date, oyster stock, and other morphometric measurements.</p> <p><strong><u>References</u></strong></p> <p>Clements, J.C., Comeau, L.A., 2019. Nitrogen removal potential of shellfish aquaculture harvests in eastern Canada: A comparison of culture methods. Aquaculture Reports 13, 100183.</p> <p>Lindahl, O., Hart, R., Hernroth, B., Kollberg, S., Loo, L.-O., Olrog, L., Rehnstam-Holm, A.-S., Svensson, J., Svensson, S., Syversen, U., 2005. Improving marine water quality by mussel farming - a profitable solution for Swedish society. Ambio 34, 129-136.</p> <p>Petersen, J.K., Hasler, B., Timmermann, K., Nielsen, P., Tørring, D.B., Larsen, M.M., Holmer, M., 2014. Mussels as a tool for mitigation of nutrients in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 82, 137-143.</p> <p>Reichert-Nguyen, J., Cornwell, J., Rose, J., Kellogg, L., Luckenbach, M., Bricker, S., Paynter, K., Moore, C., Parker, M., Sanford, L., Wolinski, B., Lacatell, A., Fegley, L., Hudson, K., French, E., Slacum, W., 2016. Panel recommendations on the oyster BMP nutrient and suspended sediment reduction effectiveness determination decision framework and nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation in oyster tissue reduction effectiveness for oyster aquaculture practices, Report to the Chesapeake Bay Program. Available online at <a href="https://www.oysterrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Oyster-BMP-1st-Report_Final_Approved_2016-12-19.pdf">https://www.oysterrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Oyster-BMP-1st-Report_Final_Approved_2016-12-19.pdf.</a></p> <p>Reitsma, J., Murphy, D.C., Archer, A.F., York, R.H., 2017. Nitrogen extraction potential of wild and cultured bivalves harvested from nearshore waters of Cape Cod, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 116, 175-181.</p> <p>Rose, J.M., Bricker, S.B., Tedesco, M.A., Wikfors, G.H., 2014. A Role for Shellfish Aquaculture in Coastal Nitrogen Management. Environmental Science & Technology 48, 2519-2525.</p> <p>Rose J.M.,, Morse, R., and Schillaci, C. 2024. Development and application of an online tool to quantify nitrogen removal associated with harvest of cultivated eastern oysters. PLoS ONE 19(9): e0310062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310062</p> <p>Town of Mashpee Sewer Commission, 2015. Comprehensive watershed nitrogen management plan, Town of Mashpee, Available online at http://www.mashpeewaters.com/documents.html.</p>
Temporally-balanced selection during development of larval Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) inherently preserves genetic diversity within offspring
<p>Balancing selection is one of the mechanisms which has been proposed to explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in species across generations. For species with large populations and complex life histories, however, heterogeneous selection pressures may create a scenario in which the net effects of selection are balanced across developmental stages. With replicated cultures and a pooled sequencing approach, we show that genotype-dependent mortality in larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is largely temporally dynamic and inconsistently in favor of a single genotype or allelic variant at each locus. Overall, the patterns of genetic change we observe to be taking place are more complex than what would be expected under classical examples of additive or dominant genetic interactions. They are also not easily explained by our current understanding of the effects of genetic load. Collectively, temporally heterogeneous selection pressures across different larval developmental stages may act to maintain genetic diversity in oysters, while also inherently sheltering genetic load within populations.</p>
Mitochondrial responses to long-term and cyclic hypoxia depend on the oxidized fuel in a hypoxia-tolerant marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas
<p>These are the metadata for a publication "Mitochondrial responses to long-term and cyclic hypoxia depend on the oxidized fuel in a hypoxia-tolerant marine bivalve <em>Crassostrea gigas"</em> under consideration for publication in the Scientific reports. Sessile benthic organisms like oysters inhabits intertidal zone transitioning between aquatic and terrestrial condition during tidal movements exposing the organisms to alternating hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) episodes thereby altering the respiratory chain activities and metabolome compositions. Our study investigated the effects of constant long-term H/R stress (90 min at ~0% O<sub>2, </sub>and 10 min reoxygenation) and constant cyclic H/R stress (5 cycles of 15 min at ~0% O<sub>2, </sub>and 10 min reoxygenation) on isolated mitochondria from the gill and the digestive gland of <em>C. gigas</em> respiring on different substrates (pyruvate, palmitate, and succinate). Both gill and the digestive gland mitochondria exposed to constant long-term H/R suppressed OXPHOS respiration especially during Complex I oxidation with no change in ROS efflux but an increase FEL. In the gill mitochondria oxidizing Complex I substrates, exposure to constant cyclic H/R prompted a significant drop after the first H/R cycle. In contrast, succinate-driven respiration only showed significant decline after the fifth H/R cycle. ROS efflux and FEL however saw little to no change after constant cyclic H/R. This observation from our study further suggests succinate as a potential stress fuel under H/R stress and might assist in post-hypoxic recovery of oysters mitigating oxidative stress and supporting rapid ATP re-synthesis during oxygen fluctuations such as commonly observed in intertidal zones. Additionally, our study revealed that constant long-term hypoxia is more damaging than constant cyclic hypoxia. </p>
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