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11 results for “Critical thermal maximum”
Critical thermal maximum of male and female ditch shrimps (Palaemon varians) [dataset].
<p>Dataset on the upper thermal tolerance limits (Critical Thermal Maximum, CTmax) of male and female<em> Palaemon varians</em> shrimps collected from the salt pan complex of Marinha de Santiago da Fonte, Ria de Aveiro, Portugal (40 ̊ 37’44.5’’N, 08 ̊ 39’37.3’’W). Data on weight and lenght are also included. Temperature data for the sampling site were collected with a HOBO datalogger (water Temp Pro v2 U22-001, Onset, USA) and are also included. </p> <p>Dataset associated to the article <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103151">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103151</a></p>
Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability
<p>Adaptive plasticity in thermal tolerance traits may buffer organisms against changing temperatures, making such responses of particular interest in the face of global climate change. Although population variation is integral to the evolvability of this trait, many studies inferring proxies of physiological vulnerability from thermal tolerance traits extrapolate data from one or few populations to represent the species. Estimates of physiological vulnerability can be further complicated by methodological effects associated with experimental design. We evaluated how populations varied in their acclimation capacity (i.e., the magnitude of plasticity) for critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) in two species of tailed frogs (Ascaphidae), cold-stream specialists. We used the estimates of acclimation capacity to infer physiological vulnerability to future warming. We performed CT<sub>max</sub> experiments on tadpoles from 14 populations using a fully factorial experimental design of two holding temperatures (8℃, 15℃) and two experimental starting temperatures (8℃, 15℃). This design allowed us to investigate the acute effects of transferring organisms from one holding temperature to a different experimental starting temperature, as well as fully acclimated responses by using the same holding and starting temperature. We found that most populations exhibited beneficial acclimation, where CT<sub>max</sub> was higher in tadpoles held at a warmer temperature, but populations varied markedly in magnitude of the response and the inferred physiological vulnerability to future warming. We also found that the response of transferring organisms to different starting temperatures varied substantially among populations, although accounting for acute effects did not greatly alter estimates of physiological vulnerability at the species-level or for most populations. These results underscore the importance of sampling widely among populations when inferring physiological vulnerability, as population variation in acclimation capacity and thermal sensitivity may be critical when assessing vulnerability to future warming. </p>
Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability
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Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog
<p>Estimates of organismal thermal tolerance are frequently used to assess physiological risk from warming, yet the assumption that these estimates are predictive of mortality has been called into question. We tested this assumption in the cold water-specialist frog, <em>Ascaphus</em> <em>montanus</em>. For seven populations, we used dynamic experimental assays to measure tadpole critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and measured mortality from chronic thermal stress for three days at different temperatures. We tested the relationship between previously–estimated population CTmax and observed mortality, as well as the strength of CTmax as a predictor of mortality compared to local stream temperatures capturing varying timescales. Populations with higher CTmax experienced significantly less mortality in the warmest temperature treatment (25℃). We also found that population CTmax outperformed stream temperature metrics as the top predictor of observed mortality. These results demonstrate a clear link between CTmax and mortality from thermal stress, contributing evidence that CTmax is a relevant metric for physiological vulnerability assessments.</p>
Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog
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Testing the reliability and ecological implications of ramping rates in the measurement of Critical Thermal maximum
<p>C<span>ritical Thermal maximum (CTmax) is often used to characterize the upper thermal limits of organisms and represents a key trait for evaluating the fitness of ectotherms. The lack of standardization in CTmax assays has, however, introduced methodological problems in its measurement, which can lead to questionable estimates of species' upper thermal limits. Focusing on ants, which are model organisms for research on thermal ecology, we aim to obtain a </span><span>reliable ramping rate that will yield the most rigorous measures of CTmax for the most species. </span><span>After </span><span>identifying three commonly used ramping rates (i.e., 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 °C min<sup>-1</sup>) in the literature, we experimentally determine their effects on the CTmax values of 27 species measured using dynamic assays. Next, we use static assays to evaluate the accuracy of these values in function of the time of exposure.</span></p> <p><span> Finally, we use field observations of species' foraging activities across a wide range of ground temperatures to identify the most biologically relevant CTmax values and to develop a standardized method. Our results demonstrate that the use of a 1 °C min<sup>-1</sup> ramping rate in dynamic assays yields the most reliable CTmax values for comparing ant species' upper thermal limits, which are further validated in static assays and field observations. We further illustrate how methodological biases in physiological trait measurements can affect subsequent analyses and conclusions on community comparisons between strata and habitats, and the detection of phylogenetic signal </span><span>(</span><span>Pagel's λ and Bloomberg's K</span><span>)</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>Overall, our study presents a methodological framework for identifying a reliable and standardized ramping rate to measure CTmax in ants, which can be applied to other ectotherms. Particular attention should be given to CTmax values obtained with less suitable ramping rates, and the potential biases they may introduce to </span><span>trait-based research on global warming and habitat conversion, as well as</span> <span>inferences about phylogenetic conservatism</span><span>.</span></p>
Testing the reliability and ecological implications of ramping rates in the measurement of Critical Thermal maximum
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Dataset for Body size impacts critical thermal maximum measurements in lizards
<p>Understanding the mechanisms behind critical thermal maxima (CTmax, the high body temperature at which neuromuscular coordination is lost) of organisms is central to understanding ectotherm thermal tolerance. Body size is an often overlooked variable that may affect interpretation of CTmax, and consequently, how CTmax is used to evaluate mechanistic hypotheses of thermal tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that body size affects CTmax and its interpretation in two experimental contexts. First, in four <i>Sceloporus</i> species, we examined how inter- and intra-specific variation in body size affected CTmax at normoxic and experimentally-induced hypoxic conditions, and cloacal heating rate under normoxic conditions. Negative relationships between body size and CTmax were exaggerated in larger species, and hypoxia-related reductions in CTmax were unaffected by body size. Smaller individuals had faster cloacal heating rates and higher CTmax, and variation in cloacal heating rate affected CTmax in the largest species. Second, we examined how body size interacted with the location of body temperature measurements (i.e., cloaca versus brain) in <i>Sceloporus occidentalis</i>, then compared this in living and deceased lizards. Brain temperatures were consistently lower than cloacal temperatures. Smaller lizards had larger brain-cloacal temperature differences than larger lizards, due to a slower cloacal heating rate in large lizards. Both live and dead lizards had lower brain than cloacal temperatures, suggesting living lizards do not actively maintain lower brain temperatures when they cannot pant. Thermal inertia influences CTmax data in complex ways, and body size should therefore be considered in studies involving CTmax data on species with variable sizes.</p>
Data from: Effects of warming rate, acclimation temperature and ontogeny on the critical thermal maximum of temperate marine fish larvae
Most of the thermal tolerance studies on fish have been performed on juveniles and adults, whereas limited information is available for larvae, a stage which may have a particularly narrow range in tolerable temperatures. Moreover, previous studies on thermal limits for marine and freshwater fish larvae (53 studies reviewed here) applied a wide range of methodologies (e.g. the static or dynamic method, different exposure times), making it challenging to compare across taxa. We measured the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae using the dynamic method (ramping assay) and assessed the effect of warming rate (0.5 to 9°C h-1) and acclimation temperature. The larvae of herring had a lower CTmax (lowest and highest values among 222 individual larvae, 13.1 – 27.0 °C) than seabass (lowest and highest values among 90 individual larvae, 24.2 – 34.3 °C). At faster rates of warming, larval CTmax significantly increased in herring, whereas no effect was observed in seabass. Higher acclimation temperatures led to higher CTmax in herring larvae (2.7 ± 0.9°C increase) with increases more pronounced at lower warming rates. Pre-trials testing the effects of warming rate are recommended. Our results for these two temperate marine fishes suggest using a warming rate of 3 - 6 °C h-1: CTmax is highest in trials of relatively short duration, as has been suggested for larger fish. Additionally, time-dependent thermal tolerance was observed in herring larvae, where a difference of up to 8°C was observed in the upper thermal limit between a 0.5- or 24-h exposure to temperatures >18°C. The present study constitutes a first step towards a standard protocol for measuring thermal tolerance in larval fish.
Dataset for Body size impacts critical thermal maximum measurements in lizards
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Data from: Effects of warming rate, acclimation temperature and ontogeny on the critical thermal maximum of temperate marine fish larvae
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