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21 results for “Crop nutrient”
Influence of soil amendment and crop species on nutrient cycling in a St. Paul urban garden, 2017-2023
An experiment was conducted from 2017-2023 at the University of St. Thomas research garden (Saint Paul, MN) to determine rates of nutrient recycling and loss from compost applied to urban gardens. Thirty-two 4 m2 study plots received one of six different soil amendment treatments, with four different crops growing on each plot. Meteorological data includes hourly measurements of rainfall, solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity, and wind speed and direction, from June 2017-October 2023. Hourly soil moisture measurements were recorded at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, from June-December 2021, June-October 2022, and June-October 2023. Annual crop harvest totals from each subplot are reported for 2017-2023. Leachate was collected from lysimeters installed in each of the 132 subplots weekly from June-October of each year (2017-2023), recording total volume. Leachate subsamples were analyzed for NO3-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P. Soil samples were collected at the beginning and end of the growing season in 2017, and every two weeks during the growing season from 2018-2023, and analyzed for pH, organic matter, Bray-1 extractable P, available K, nitrate, and ammonium, at the University of Minnesota Analytical Research Laboratory.
Crop-specific global fertilizer application rates from "Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management"
<p>Crop-specific global maps of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer application rates circa the year 2000 from the following paper:</p> <p>Mueller, ND, JS Gerber, M Johnston, DK Ray, N Ramankutty, and JA Foley. 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. <em>Nature</em> <strong>490</strong>: 254–257</p> <p>Data are provided at five arc-minute resolution and are saved as netcdf files. Fertilizer application rates are estimated from reconciling various national and subnational data sources. See the Supplementary Information from the 2012 paper for a full description of data sources and methods. Data quality for each grid cell is described in a map layer. Files containing the text "totalcons" sum nutrient consumption across crops per grid cell, using crop harvested areas from Monfreda et al. 2008 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. For maize, wheat, and soybean N application rates, additional maps and csv files (containing the text "politboundaries") identify the political units around the world containing unique information. Crops and crop group categories are consistent with those utilized in Monfreda et al. 2008 Global Biogeochemical Cycles.</p>
Geo-referenced crop-nutrient response function dataset for Tropical Africa
The profit potential for a given investment in fertilizer use can be estimated using representative crop nutrient response functions. Where response data is scarce, determination of representative response functions can be strengthened by using results from homologous crop growing conditions. Maize (Zea mays L.) nutrient response functions were selected from the Optimization of Fertilizer Recommendations in Africa (OFRA) database of 5500 georeferenced response functions determined from field research conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa. Three methods for defining inference domains for selection of response functions were compared. Use of the OFRA Inference Tool (OFRA-IT; http://agronomy.unl.edu/OFRA) resulted in greater specificity of maize N, P, and K response functions with higher R2 values indicating superiority compared with using the Harvest Choice Agroecological Zones (HC-AEZ) and the recommendation domains of the Global Yield Gap Atlas project (GYGA-RD). The OFRA-IT queries three soil properties in addition to climate-related properties while the latter two options use climate properties only. The OFRA-IT was generally insensitive to changes in criteria ranges of 20–25% used in queries suggesting value in using wider criteria ranges compared with the default for information scarce crop nutrient response functions.
Data on Crop Yield, Nutrient Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Weather of a Vertical Agrivoltaic System in Sweden
<p>The dataset location is latitude 59.55° N and longitude 16.76° E in Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden. </p> <p>Crop data:</p> <p>Raw data of barley related to yield kernels and straws (kg DM/ha), nitrogen content in kernels (%), crude protein in kernels (%), kernels yield (kg DM/ha), straws yield (kg DM/ha), starch content in kernels (%), and thousand kernel weight (%) from the harvest on September 12<sup>th</sup>, 2023, at the agrivoltaics research site in Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden. Fifty squared samples (each 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>) distributed in 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E) were collected according to the layout presented in the corresponding publication. Groups A, B and C are based on the spatial location in the crop area between the three vertical rows of PV modules: west side (A), center side (B) and east side (C). Group R corresponds to the reference control plot conditions. Group D represent the crops that are growing in the space between the rows of the conventional ground-mounted PV system with 30° tilt. </p> <p> </p> <p>Weather data:</p> <p>1-hour timeseries averaged data measurements at local time, raw data, not quality controlled from the barley growing season at Kärrbo Prästgård, Sweden from May 7<sup>th</sup> to September 12<sup>th</sup>,2023.</p> <p>Temperature of air (°C), relative humidity (%), relative air pressure (hPa), wind speed (m/s), and precipitation (mm/h) are measured with a Lufft WS600-UMB Smart Weather Sensor located on-site on a 5 m height mast.</p> <p>Global and diffuse horizontal irradiance (W/m<sup>2</sup>) are measured with a Delta-T SPN1 Sunshine Pyranometer.</p> <p>Photosynthetically active radiation (µmol/m<sup>2</sup>/s) is measured with an Apogee PAR Quantum sensor SQ-500.</p>
Global data on crop nutrient concentration and harvest indices
<div> <div> <div> <p>Estimates of crop nutrient removal (as crop products and crop residues) are an important component of crop nutrient balances. Crop nutrient removal can be estimated through multiplication of the quantity of crop products or crop residues (removed) by the nutrient concentration of those crop products and crop residue components respectively. Data for quantities of crop products removed at a country level are available through FAOSTAT (<a href="https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/">https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/</a>), but equivalent data for quantities of crop residues are not available at a global level. However, quantities of crop residues can be estimated if the relationship between quantity of crop residues and crop products is known. Harvest index (HI) provides one such indication of the relationship between quantity of crop products and crop residues. HI is the proportion of above-ground biomass as crop products and can be used to estimate quantity of crop residues based on quantity of crop products. Previously, meta-analyses or surveys have been performed to estimate nutrient concentrations of crop products and crop residues and harvest indices (collectively known as crop coefficients). The challenges for using these coefficients in global nutrient balances include the representativeness of world regions or countries. Moreover, it may be unclear which countries or crop types are actually represented in the analyses of data. In addition, units used among studies differ which makes comparisons challenging. To overcome these challenges, data from meta-analyses and surveys were collated in one dataset with standardised units and referrals to the original region and crop names used by the sources of data. Original region and crop names were converted into internationally recognised names, and crop coefficients were summarised into two Tiers of data, representing the world (Tier 1, with single coefficient values for the world) and specific regions or countries of the world (Tier 2, with single coefficient values for each country). This dataset will aid both global and regional analyses for crop nutrient balances. </p> </div> </div> </div>
Field experimental data of crop yields, nutrient concentrations, and harvest indices from around the world
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Global data on crop nutrient concentration and harvest indices
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Geo-referenced crop-nutrient response function dataset for Tropical Africa
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Cover crop application on dredged sediments increases corn yield through microorganism-associated enzyme-driven nutrient mineralization.
Common strategies to mitigate soil degradation of agricultural soils include cover crop application and soil amendment addition. Applying dredged sediments as a soil amendment is gaining popularity since they often provide benefits other amendments lack; however, their use with a cover crop is largely unexplored. To understand how cover crop use changes the restorative properties of dredged sediments, we assessed soil physical and chemical properties, enzymatic activities, and corn yield for plots of dredged sediments with and without a cover crop. Cover crop application on dredged sediments increased corn yields by ~24% when compared to dredged sediments alone. Increases in corn yield were driven by changes in nutrient mineralization, specifically within the nitrogen cycle. The physical and chemical properties of dredged sediments remained unchanged regardless of cover crop application. Our results suggest that when cover crops are applied to dredged sediments, crop yield increased through microorganism-driven nutrient mineralization. However, the physical and chemical environment remained optimal for corn growth within dredged sediments, regardless of cover crop application. This research is a vital step into understanding the use of dredged sediments in agricultural soil systems.
Aboveground Standing Crop Biomass:Nutrient Network A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
<p>Microplastics pollution of agricultural soil is a global environmental concern because of its potential risk to food security and human health. Although many studies have tested the direct effects of microplastics on growth of <em>Eruca sativa</em> Mill., little is known about whether these effects are regulated by fertilization and weed competition in field management practices.</p> <p>Here, we performed a greenhouse experiment growing <em>E. sativa</em> as target species in a three-factorial design with two levels of fertilization (low versus. high), two levels of weed competition treatments (weed competition versus no weed competition) and five levels of microplastic treatments (no microplastics, Polybutylene adipateco-terephthalate [PBAT], Polybutylene succinate [PBS], Polycaprolactone [PCL] or Polypropylene [PP]).</p> <p>Compared to the soil without microplastics, PBS and PCL reduced aboveground biomass and leaf number of the <em>E. sativa</em>. PBS also resulted in increased root allocation and thicker roots in <em>E. sativa</em>. In addition, fertilization significantly mitigated the negative effects of PBS and PCL on aboveground biomass of <em>E. sativa</em>, but weed competition significantly promoted these effects. Although fertilization alleviated the negative effect of PBS on aboveground biomass, such alleviation became weaker under weed competition than when <em>E. sativa</em> grew alone.</p> <p>The results indicate that the effects of specific polymer types on <em>E. sativa</em> growth could be regulated by fertilization, weed management, and even their interactions. Therefore, reasonable on-farm management practices may help in mitigating the negative effects of microplastics pollution on <em>E. sativa</em> growth in agricultural fields.</p>
The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
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Data from: Diagnosis of crop secondary and micro-nutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa
Crop production in sub-Saharan Africa has numerous biotic and abiotic constraints, including nutrient deficiencies. Information on crop response to macronutrients is relatively abundant compared with secondary and micronutrients (SMN). Data from 1339 trial replicates of 280 field trials conducted from 2013 to 2016 in 11 countries were analyzed for the diagnosis of SMN deficiencies. The diagnostic data included relative yield response (RYR) and soil and foliar test results. The RYR to application of a combination of Mg, S, Zn, and B (Mg-S-Zn-B) relative to a comparable N-P-K treatment was a >5% increase for 35% of the legume blocks and 60% of the non-legume blocks. The frequencies of soil test Zn, Cu, and B being below their critical level were 28, 2 and 10% for eastern and southern Africa, respectively, and 55, 58 and 89% for western Africa, while low levels for other SMN were less frequent. The frequency of foliar results indicating low availability were 58% for Zn, 16% for S and less for other SMN. The r2 values for relationships between soil test, foliar test and RYR results were <0.035 with little complementarity except for soil test Zn and B with cassava (Manihot esculenta L. Crantz) RYR in Ghana, and foliar Zn with cereal RYR in Uganda. Positive RYR is powerful diagnostic information and indicative of good profit potential for well-targeted and well-specified SMN application. Geo-referenced RYR, soil analysis and foliar analysis results for diagnosis of SMN deficiencies in 11 countries of sub-Saharan Africa were generally not complementary.
Complementary dataset to Granulation compared to co-application of biochar plus mineral fertilizer and its impacts on crop growth and nutrient leaching.
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Data from: Biochar from "Kon Tiki" flame curtain and other kilns: effects of nutrient enrichment and kiln type on crop yield and soil chemistry
Biochar application to soils has been investigated as a means of improving soil fertility and mitigating climate change through soil carbon sequestration. In the present work, the invasive shrub "Eupatorium adenophorum" was utilized as a sustainable feedstock for making biochar under different pyrolysis conditions in Nepal. Biochar was produced using several different types of kilns; four sub types of flame curtain kilns (deep-cone metal kiln, steel shielded soil pit, conical soil pit and steel small cone), brick-made traditional kiln, traditional earth-mound kiln and top lift up draft (TLUD). The resultant biochars showed consistent pH (9.1 ± 0.3), cation exchange capacities (133 ± 37 cmolc kg-1), organic carbon contents (73.9 ± 6.4 %) and surface areas (35 to 215 m2/g) for all kiln types. A pot trial with maize was carried out to investigate the effect on maize biomass production of the biochars made with various kilns, applied at 1% and 4% dosages. Biochars were either pretreated with hot or cold mineral nutrient enrichment (mixing with a nutrient solution before or after cooling down, respectively), or added separately from the same nutrient dosages to the soil. Significantly higher CEC (P< 0.05), lower Al/Ca ratios (P< 0.05), and high OC% (P<0.001) were observed for both dosages of biochar as compared to non-amended control soils. Importantly, the study showed that biochar made by flame curtain kilns resulted in the same agronomic effect as biochar made by the other kilns (P > 0.05). At a dosage of 1% biochar, the hot nutrient-enriched biochar led to significant increases of 153% in above ground biomass production compared to cold nutrient-enriched biochar and 209% compared to biochar added separately from the nutrients. Liquid nutrient enhancement of biochar thus improved fertilizer effectiveness compared to separate application of biochar and fertilizer.
Data from: Diagnosis of crop secondary and micro-nutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa
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Data from: Biochar from "Kon Tiki" flame curtain and other kilns: effects of nutrient enrichment and kiln type on crop yield and soil chemistry
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Data from: Suppression of the invasive plant mile-a-minute (Mikania micrantha) by local crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by means of higher growth rate and competition for soil nutrients
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Biostimulants MTU® and pidolic acid have complementary roles in the improvement of stress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency and yield in arable crops
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Global dataset on nutrient removal with crop residues
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