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21 results for “Cropping pattern”
Fig. 6. Electrophoresis agarose gel showing RFLP pattern comparison between the F2 in Detection of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in leafoppers collected in native corn crops grown at high elevations in southeast Mexico
Fig. 6. Electrophoresis agarose gel showing RFLP pattern comparison between the F2nR2 sequences amplified from Dalbulus elimatus and Idiodonus wickhami digested with AluI, BstUI, HaeIII, HinfI, and Tsp509I. Molecular weight (MW) marker, 1 kb plus.
How Tillage and Crop Rotation Change the Distribution Pattern of Fungi. - Dataset
<p>In this section you can find the raw sequences and the metadata associated to the paper: Orrù, L., Canfora, L., Trinchera, A., Migliore, M., Pennelli, B., Marcucci, A., Farina, R., Pinzari, F. (2021). How tillage and crop rotation change the distribution pattern of fungi. published in <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em>, <em>12</em>, 1469</p>
Influence of pollen dispersal and mating pattern in domestication of intermediate Wheatgrass, a novel perennial food crop
<p>Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial forage grass that is currently being domesticated as a grain crop. It is a primarily wind-pollinated outcrossing species and expresses severe inbreeding depression when self-pollinated. Characterization of pollen dispersal, mating parameters, and change in genetic diversity due to pollen movement is currently lacking in IWG. In this study, we examined pollen dispersal in an IWG selection nursery by evaluating 846 progeny from 15 mother plants and traced their parentage to 374 fathers. A set of 2500 genomic loci was used to characterize the population. We assigned paternity to 769 (91%) progeny and the average number of fathers per mother plant was 37, from an average of 56 progeny examined per mother. An extensive number (80%) of pollination events occurred within 10 m of the mother plants. Pollination success was not correlated with trait attributes of the paternal genotypes. Mating system analysis confirmed that IWG is highly out-crossing and inbreeding was virtually absent. Neither genetic diversity nor the genome-estimated trait values of progeny were significantly affected by pollinator distance. The distance of pollinator in an IWG breeding nursery therefore was not found to be a major contributor in maintaining genetic diversity. These findings reveal the pollen dispersal model in IWG for the first time and its effect on genetic diversity, which will be valuable in designing future IWG breeding populations. Information generated and discussed in this study could be applied in understanding gene flow and genetic diversity of other open-pollinated species.</p>
Occurrence patterns of crop-foraging sika deer distribution in an agriculture-forest landscape revealed by nitrogen stable isotopes
<p>Conflicts arising from the consumption of anthropogenic foods by wildlife are increasing worldwide. Conventional tools for evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of large terrestrial mammals that consume anthropogenic foods have various limitations, despite their importance in management to mitigate conflicts. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution pattern of crop-foraging sika deer by performing nitrogen stable isotope analyses of bone collagen. We evaluated whether crop-foraging deer lived closer to agricultural crop fields during the winter and spring, when crop production decreases. We found that female deer in proximity to agricultural crop fields during the winter and spring were more likely to be crop-foraging individuals. Furthermore, the likelihood of crop consumption by females decreased by half as the distance to agricultural crop fields increased to 5-10 km. We did not detect a significant trend in the spatial distribution of crop-foraging male deer. The findings of spatial distribution patterns of crop-foraging female deer will be useful for the establishment of management areas, such as zonation, for efficient removal of them.</p>
Large-scale exploration of nitrogen utilization efficiency in Asia region for rice crop: variation patterns and determinants
<p><span>Improving rice nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) is imperative to maximizing future food productivity while minimizing environmental threats, yet knowledge of its variation and the underlying regulatory factors is still lacking. Here, we integrated a dataset with 21,571 data compiled by available data from peer-reviewed literature and a large-scale field survey to address this knowledge gap. The overall results revealed great variations in rice NUtE, which were mainly associated with human activities, climate conditions and rice variety. Specifically, N supply rate, temperature and precipitation were the foremost determinants of rice NUtE, and NUtE responses to climatic change differed among rice varieties. Further prediction highlighted the improved rice NUtE with the increasing latitude or longitude. The <em>indica</em> and <em>hybrid</em> rice exhibited higher NUtE in low-latitude regions compared to <em>japonica</em> and <em>inbred</em> rice, respectively. Collectively, our results evaluated the primary drivers of rice NUtE variations and predicted the geographical responses of NUtE in different varieties. Linking the global variations in rice NUtE with environmental factors and geographical adaptability provides valuable agronomic and ecological insights into the regulation of rice NUtE.</span></p>
Influence of pollen dispersal and mating pattern in domestication of intermediate Wheatgrass, a novel perennial food crop
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Proximity to crop relatives determines patterns of natural selection in a wild sunflower
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Occurrence patterns of crop-foraging sika deer distribution in an agriculture-forest landscape revealed by nitrogen stable isotopes
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Large-scale exploration of nitrogen utilization efficiency in Asia region for rice crop: variation patterns and determinants
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Data from: Crop-associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection
To understand the eco-evolutionary significance of plant viruses in nature, we must (i) quantify the effects of infection on plant fitness and (ii) recognize that native plants are increasingly exposed to crop-associated viruses. Studies of perennials are particularly needed: most of our knowledge of plant-virus interactions is from annuals, yet long-lived species dominate landscapes. Here we used aster models for life-history analysis and longitudinal measures of plant virus status to evaluate multi-year consequences of crop virus infection in a native perennial. We used Barley yellow dwarf virus acquired from wheat to inoculate seedlings of Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), a North American prairie grass. We grew inoculated and mock-inoculated individuals of two ecotypes for 3 years in the field. We measured plant size, infection status and fitness components. Aster modelling provided integrated multi-year measures of fitness. Crop virus inoculation reduced multi-year native plant fitness by 30% over 2 years despite generally asymptomatic infection and evidence of resistance. This reduction was greater than predicted from individual fitness components or most size measures. Ecotypes differed in response, with the lowland ecotype experiencing higher apparent recovery from infection. Virus treatment in the upland ecotype delayed flowering phenology and reduced seed filling. Synthesis. Our use of field experimentation, surveys of plant infection status and aster modelling demonstrates a rigorous and broadly applicable approach for quantifying the effects of viruses and other microbes on multi-year plant fitness. We found that a crop virus had negative multi-year effects on native plant fitness even after infection was no longer detected. Viruses may have substantial effects on native vegetation with domestication of landscapes and agricultural expansion.
Data from: Host-adapted aphid populations differ in their migratory patterns and capacity to colonize crops
Although phytophagous insects can vary genetically in host use and exhibit long-range movements, the combined implications of these phenomena for pest management have received limited attention. To address this, we surveyed the genetic diversity of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using twelve microsatellite loci and assessed host association patterns and annual movement from a putative source region (Columbia River Basin) to the Palouse region of northern Idaho and western Washington, where the aphid is a pest of pea Pisum sativum. A total of 320 identified unique genotypes clustered into four genetic groups, with two host plant associations: alfalfa Medicago sativa (three genetic groups), and pea Pisum sativum and vetch Vicia villosa (one genetic group). All four genetic groups occurred in the Columbia River Basin and in migrant aphids collected in pan traps during spring colonization in the Palouse during 2 years of this study. Patterns of group arrival on the Palouse were spatially structured early in the season, consistent with differing migration patterns. Despite genetic diversity of migrants, a single genetic group became predominant in pea crops each year. Clonal laboratory colonies of pea aphids established from field-collected specimens and representing two predominant genetic groups exhibited reciprocal performance trade-offs, with alfalfa being a poor host for a pea-associated aphid genotype and vice versa. Synthesis and applications. Annual spring migrants of pea aphids in the pea production region of the Palouse are genetically diverse, with different host plant affinities consistent with origination from source populations in the Columbia River Basin. As the season progresses, a single genetic group adapted to pea becomes predominant in the crop. Management of pea aphid in the Palouse will be improved by monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of specific genetic groups of the aphid arriving as immigrants during each crop season, providing this information to producers and adjusting estimates of risk of crop damage accordingly. The principle could apply to other pest species with host-adapted populations that colonize crops on an annual basis.
Changes in cropping patterns during droughts of California from 2000 to 2015: a case study of Kern County
<p>Included in this data folder are one R markdown script and corresponding datasets.</p>
Data from: Patterns of domestication in the Ethiopian oil-seed crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica)
Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) is a semi-domesticated oil-seed crop, which is primarily cultivated in Ethiopia. Unlike its closest crop relative, sunflower, noug has small seeds, small flowering heads, many branches, many flowering heads, indeterminate flowering, and it shatters in the field. Here we conducted common garden studies and microsatellite analyses of genetic variation to test whether high levels of crop-wild gene flow and/or unfavorable phenotypic correlations have hindered noug domestication. With the exception of one population, analyses of microsatellite variation failed to detect substantial recent admixture between noug and its wild progenitor. Likewise, only very weak correlations were found between seed mass and the number or size of flowering heads. Thus, noug's 'atypical' domestication syndrome does not seem to be a consequence of recent introgression or unfavorable phenotypic correlations. Nonetheless, our data do reveal evidence of local adaptation of noug cultivars to different precipitation regimes, as well as high levels of phenotypic plasticity, which may permit reasonable yields under diverse environmental conditions. Why noug has not been fully domesticated remains a mystery, but perhaps early farmers selected for resilience to episodic drought or untended environments rather than larger seeds. Domestication may also have been slowed by noug's outcrossing mating system.
Data from: Host-adapted aphid populations differ in their migratory patterns and capacity to colonize crops
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Data from: Patterns of domestication in the Ethiopian oil-seed crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica)
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Data from: Crop-associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection
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Genome-wide association study in quinoa reveals selection pattern typical for crops with a short breeding history
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Pattern of crop raiding by wild large mammals and the resultant impacts vary with distances from forests in southwest Ethiopia
<p class="CxSpFirst">Crop raiding is a major form of human-wildlife interaction mainly in the ecotone areas of human-modified-natural landscapes. The aim of this study was to examine the spatial pattern of crop raiding and the resultant impacts on how farmers perceive forests at different distances from Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve which is located in southwest Ethiopia. For this, thirty transects (each 1km long) were laid out at 200m interval parallel to forest edges: ten transects close to forest (<0.5km), ten at intermediate (0.5-1km) and ten transects were taken far from forest (>1km). Along each transect 2-6 households were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The perception of the respondents on forests at different distances from forest edges was analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. The variation in the amount of damage among these three locations was tested using one-way ANOVA. Four wild large mammals including; olive baboon, vervet monkey, bush pigs and crested porcupine were identified as top crop raiders in the area. The frequencies of occurrence of crop raiders decreased with increasing distance from forest edges. Similarly, the amount of damage in maize fields was higher close to forests when compared with that of either at intermediate or far from forest edges (P<0.001). Eighty one percent of the<span class="fontstyle01"><span> households living close to the forests perceive </span></span>that forest is a threat to their survival. Overall, our results imply that strategies need to be sought in order to minimize the socio-ecological impacts of crop raiders mainly in locations close to forest edges.</p>
Pattern of crop raiding by wild large mammals and the resultant impacts vary with distances from forests in southwest Ethiopia
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A pan-grass transcriptome reveals patterns of cellular divergence in crops
GEO Series GSE225118. Arabidopsis thaliana; Sorghum bicolor; Setaria viridis; Zea mays. 22 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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