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Fig. 3 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 3. Holotype (INGUJ 200P11) of allegedly upogebiid trace fossil Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. Scale bar 100 mm.

Fig. 4. Allegedly upogebiid Y in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 4. Allegedly upogebiid Y−shaped trace fossil Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. (specimens left in the field) from Early Pleistocene of Italy. A. Specimen P1070182 (numbering from the field photograph collection). B. Specimen P1070193. C. Specimen P1070194. D. Specimen P1070196. Scale bars 50 mm.

Fig. 6 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 6. Trace fossils associated with Parmaichnus stironensis. They penetrate from the discontinuity surface in the Quaternary sediments of the Stirone section. A–C. Thalassinoides cf. paradoxicus (Woodward, 1830). D. Pyritised tube indicated by arrow.

Fig. 5. Different Y in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 5. Different Y−shaped trace fossils (B, D, G, U) and Recent burrows compared to Parmaichnus stironensis (P–S). Redrawn from photographs. A. After Seike and Nara (2007: fig. 3c). B. Holotype of Psilonichnus upsilon, Hanna Bay, San Salvador, Bahamas, from AU photograph. C. After Bruce (1987: fig. 6). D. After Fürsich (1981: pl. 3: 2). E. After Curran and Frey (1977: pl. 1e). F. After Frey (1968: text−fig. 1). G. After Seilacher (1990: fig. 5D). H. After Dworschak (2004: fig. 2B); arrows point the turning chambers. I. After Swinbanks and Luternauer (1987: fig. 2.1). J. After Ott et al. (1976: pl. 1: 2). K. After Ott et al. (1976: pl. 1: 3). L. After Dworschak et al. (2006: fig. 1A). M. After Nash et al. (1984: pl. 2a); see also Bromley (1996: fig. 4.32). N. After Curran and Martin (2003: fig. 6). O. After Asgaard et al. (1997: fig. 6). P–S. Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov. P. Holotype, ING UJ 200P11, see also Fig. 3. Q. P1070193, see also Fig. 4B. R. P1070182, see also Fig. 4A. S. P1070196, see also Fig. 4D. T. After Atkinson and Taylor (1991: fig. 1f). U. Psilonichnus tubiformis, after Fürsich (1981: pl. 1: 1).

Fig. 2 in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 2. View of the Early Pleistocene part of the Stirone section (about 90 m), with the distinct unconformity in the middle (pointed by arrow) separating silts covered by sands.

Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A in A new Y-shaped trace fossil attributed to upogebiid crustaceans from Early Pleistocene of Italy

Fig. 1. Location map and the geological section. A. The study region on the map of Italy. B. Location of the study area. C. Location of the studied section. D. The studied section with indication of Parmaichnus stironensis igen. nov. et isp. nov.

Fig. 4 in Paleobiology of the crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica in the Miocene of southeastern Spain

Fig. 4. Interpretative reconstruction of a Spongeliomorpha iberica burrow system. The morphology of the apertures is not known, here they are shown as a simple vertical shaft. Inset shows the bioglyph pattern with "Y"−shaped and transverse scratch marks.

Fig. 2. Crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica Saporta, 1887 in Paleobiology of the crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica in the Miocene of southeastern Spain

Fig. 2. Crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica Saporta, 1887 from the Miocene of La Muela de Maraón, Spain. A, B. Field sketches of burrow systems as seen in the sole of the limestone units. C. Sole of a limestone unit displaying a high density of burrows. D. Burrows penetrating into the underlying marls.

Fig. 3. Crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica Saporta, 1887 in Paleobiology of the crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica in the Miocene of southeastern Spain

Fig. 3. Crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica Saporta, 1887 from the Miocene of La Muela de Maraón, Spain. A. Field photograph showing a typical burrow termination with multiple acuminate blind tunnels. B. Tunnel displaying the characteristic rhomboidal bioglyph and an enlargement or alcove (UB−IC522). C. Specimen with a "Y"−branching point (UB−IC533). D. Burrow with strongly marked rhomboidal bioglyphs and less impressed transverse scratch marks in the lower part (UB−IC530). E. Specimen with thick Y−shaped and thin transverse bioglyphs (UUIC−2089)). F. Plasticine cast of a burrow displaying how the rhomboidal bioglyph is constituted by "Y"−shaped individual marks (UB−IC194. G. Detail of a burrow termination with two blind tunnels and exhibiting both types of scratch marks (UB−IC520).

Fig. 1 in Paleobiology of the crustacean trace fossil Spongeliomorpha iberica in the Miocene of southeastern Spain

Fig. 1. Geological setting of the study area. A. Geological map of the Betic Cordillera, modified from Sanz de Galdeano and Vera (1992). B. Geological map of the Muela de Maraón sector, modified from Jerez Mir et al. (1974) and Loiseau et al. (1990).