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172 results for “DNA markers”
Fig. 1 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers
Fig. 1. Map showing the sample locations of L. niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Population 1 — Kainji lake, Population 2 — River Benue, Makurdi and Population 3 — Ikere-Gorge reservoir, Iseyin, Oyo state.
Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 5: Tree topology calculated as Maximum-Likelihood tree using Bayesian MCMC analysis with the general time reversal model of base substitution and gamma distribution for degraded DNA of museum specimens, only parsimony informative triplets included.
Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 4: Observed diagnostic character changes with position numbers mapped onto the Maximum- Likelihood tree. Black box = unambiguous diagnostic charactercharacter change, grey box = ambiguous diagnostic charactercharacter change, and white box = character change.
Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 3: Alignment of all parsimonious informative triplets (with uninformative sites deleted -), and with a pointer for position number (numbered for total COI) and codon position. Diagnostic (= private) positions marked with colour green = Thymine, violet = Cytosine, red = Adenine and yellow = Guanine.
Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus))
Fig. 2: Tree topology calculated as Maximum-Likelihood tree using Bayesian MCMC analysis with the general time reversal model of base substitutions with gamma distribution.
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
<p>Avian diet can be affected by site‐specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi‐marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in‐depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016–2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.</p>
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
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T a b l e 4 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers
T a b l e 4. Microsatellites results
Code and data for "Discovery and validation of tissue-specific DNA methylation as noninvasive diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer".
<p>Code and data for "<strong>Discovery and validation of tissue-specific DNA methylation as noninvasive diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer</strong>".</p> <ul> <li> <p>The publicly available datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/</a>) and UCSC Xena Browser (TCGA, <a href="https://xena.ucsc.edu/">https://xena.ucsc.edu/</a>).</p> </li> </ul>
DNA metabarcoding marker choice skews perception of marine eukaryotic biodiversity
<p>DNA metabarcoding is an increasingly popular technique to investigate biodiversity; however, many methodological unknowns remain, especially concerning the biases resulting from marker choice. Regions of the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rDNA (18S) genes are commonly employed "universal" markers for eukaryotes, but the extent of taxonomic biases introduced by these markers and how such biases may impact metabarcoding performance is not well quantified. Here, focusing on macro-eukaryotes, we use standardized sampling from autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) deployed in the world's most biodiverse marine ecosystem, the Coral Triangle, to compare the performance of COI and 18S markers. We then compared metabarcoding data to image-based annotations of ARMS plates. Although both markers provided similar estimates of taxonomic richness and total sequence reads, marker choice skewed estimates of eukaryotic diversity. The COI marker recovered relative abundances of the dominant sessile phyla consistent with image annotations. Both COI and the image annotations provided higher relative abundance estimates of Bryozoa and Porifera and lower estimates of Chordata as compared to 18S, but 18S recovered 25% more phyla than COI. Thus, while COI more reliably reflects the occurrence of dominant sessile phyla, 18S provides a more holistic representation of overall taxonomic diversity. Ideal marker choice is, therefore, contingent on study system and research question, especially in relation to desired taxonomic resolution, and a multi-marker approach provides the greatest application across a broad range of research objectives. As metabarcoding becomes an essential tool to monitor biodiversity in our changing world, it is critical to evaluate biases associated with marker choice.</p>
DNA metabarcoding marker choice skews perception of marine eukaryotic biodiversity
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Data from: Predominant east to west colonisations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker
We provide preliminary insights into the global phylogeographic and evolutionary patterns across species of the hydrozoan superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). We analysed 1114 16S sequences of 198 putative species of Plumularioidea collected worldwide. We investigated genetic connections and divergence in relation to present-day and ancient biogeographic barriers, climate changes and oceanic circulation. Geographical distributions of most species are generally more constrained than previously assumed. Some species able to raft are dispersed widely. Human-mediated dispersal explains some wide geographical ranges. Trans-Atlantic genetic connections are presently unlikely for most of the tropical-temperate species, but were probably more frequent until the Miocene-Pliocene transition, before restriction of the Tethys Sea and the Central American Seaway. Trans-Atlantic colonisations were predominantly directed westwards through (sub)tropical waters. The Azores were colonized multiple times and through different routes, mainly from the east Atlantic, at least since the Pliocene. Extant geminate clades separated by the Isthmus of Panama have predominantly Atlantic origin. Various ancient colonisations mainly directed from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic, occurred through the Tethys Sea and around South Africa in periods of lower intensity of the Benguela upwelling. Thermal tolerance, population sizes, dispersal strategies, oceanic currents, substrate preference and land barriers are important factors for dispersal and speciation of marine hydroids.
Data from: Population genetic structures of two ecologically distinct species Betula platyphylla and B. ermanii inferred based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers
Climatic oscillations during the last glacial maximum (LGM) significantly affected the distribution patterns and genetic structure of extant plants. Northeast China (NEC) is a major biodiversity center in East Asia, and the influence of historical climate change on NEC populations is critical for understanding species responses to future climate change. However, only a few phylogeographic studies of cool-temperate deciduous tree species have been conducted in the area, and results are inconsistent for species with different niches or distribution areas. We employed multiple chloroplast and nuclear markers to investigate the genetic structure of two ecologically contrasting species, Betula platyphylla and B. ermanii, in NEC. Rare haplotypes were identified in the chloroplast genome of these species, and both exhibited high levels of nucleotide diversity based on a fragment of the nuclear gene G3PDH and microsatellites. Moreover, significant phylogeographic structure was detected for B. platyphylla, suggesting that these populations had recolonized from independent glacial refuges, whereas no genetic structure was found for B. ermanii.
Data from: Population genetic structure and intraspecific genetic distance of Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers
<p>The American cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>) is a globally invasive pest that can cause significant economic loss and threaten human health. Although it is abundant and lives in close proximity to humans, few studies have investigated the genetic diversity of <i>P. americana</i>. Our study analyzed 1053 <i>P. americana</i> and other <i>Periplaneta</i> species' samples from different locations in China and the USA. A traditional tree-based method using 17 unique mitochondrial COI haplotypes of <i>P. americana</i> and 20 haplotypes of the other <i>Periplaneta</i> species accurately identified <i>P. americana</i> with a barcoding threshold of 5.1%. To identify the population genetic structure of <i>P. americana,</i> we investigated <i>wingless</i> gene and pooled them with obtained mtDNA data for a combined analysis. Although the genetic diversity of the USA group was relatively higher than the China group, the number of haplotypes and alleles of both groups was small. Molecular variance (AMOVA), intraspecific phylogeny, and haplotype networks indicated that <i>P. americana</i> had very little global genetic differentiation. The weak geographic genetic structure might reflect the human-mediated dispersal of <i>P. americana</i>. Despite no apparent phylogeographic assignment of mtDNA and nuclear lineages was observed in both BI trees, the integrated COI sequence data identified four distinct <i>P. americana</i> haplotype groups, showing four ancient maternal lineages of <i>P. americana</i> in China and the USA.</p>
Data from: Nuclear internal transcribed spacer-1 as a sensitive genetic marker for environmental DNA studies in common carp Cyprinus carpio
The recently developed environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been used to estimate the distribution of aquatic vertebrates by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a genetic marker. However, mtDNA markers have certain drawbacks such as variable copy number and maternal inheritance. In this study, we investigated the potential of using nuclear DNA (ncDNA) as a more reliable genetic marker for eDNA analysis by using common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We measured the copy numbers of cytochrome b (CytB) gene region of mtDNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of ribosomal DNA of ncDNA in various carp tissues and then compared the detectability of these markers in eDNA samples. In the DNA extracted from the brain and gill tissues and intestinal contents, CytB was detected at 95.1 ± 10.7 (mean ± 1 standard error), 29.7 ± 1.59 and 24.0 ± 4.33 copies per cell, respectively, and ITS1 was detected at 1760 ± 343, 2880 ± 503 and 1910 ± 352 copies per cell, respectively. In the eDNA samples from mesocosm, pond and lake water, the copy numbers of ITS1 were about 160, 300 and 150 times higher than those of CytB, respectively. The minimum volume of pond water required for quantification was 33 and 100 mL for ITS1 and CytB, respectively. These results suggested that ITS1 is a more sensitive genetic marker for eDNA studies of C. carpio.
Data from: Phylogeny and biogeography of Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliinae) across Central and South America based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers
Poeciliids are a diverse group of small Neotropical fishes, and despite considerable research attention as models in ecology and evolutionary biology, our understanding of their biogeographic and phylogenetic relationships is still limited. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of South and Central American Poecilia, by examining 2395 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (ATPase 8/6, COI) and nuclear DNA (S7) for 18 species across six subgenera. Fifty-eight novel sequences were acquired from newly collected specimens and 20 sequences were obtained from previously published material. Analyses of concatenated and partitioned mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sets resulted in a well-supported phylogeny that resolved several monophyletic groups corresponding to previously hypothesized subgenera and species complexes.
Data from: Developing nuclear DNA phylogenetic markers in the angiosperm genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae): a next-generation sequencing transcriptomic approach
Despite the recent advances in generating molecular data, reconstructing species-level phylogenies for non-models groups remains a challenge. The use of a number of independent genes is required to resolve phylogenetic relationships, especially for groups displaying low polymorphism. In such cases, low-copy nuclear exons and non-coding regions, such as 3′ untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) or introns, constitute a potentially interesting source of nuclear DNA variation. Here, we present a methodology meant to identify new nuclear orthologous markers using both public-nucleotide databases and transcriptomic data generated for the group of interest by using next generation sequencing technology. To identify PCR primers for a non-model group, the genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae), we adopted a framework aimed at minimizing the probability of paralogy and maximizing polymorphism. We anchored when possible the right-hand primer into the 3′-UTR and the left-hand primer into the coding region. Seven new nuclear markers emerged from this search strategy, three of those included 3′-UTRs. We further compared the phylogenetic potential between our new markers and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The sequenced 3′-UTRs yielded higher polymorphism rates than the ITS region did. We did not find strong incongruences with the phylogenetic signal contained in the ITS region and the seven new designed markers but they strongly improved the phylogeny of the genus Leucadendron. Overall, this methodology is efficient in isolating orthologous loci and is valid for any non-model group given the availability of transcriptomic data.
Data from: Phylogeny and classification of the East Asian Amitostigma alliance (Orchidaceae: Orchideae) based on six DNA markers
Background: Tribe Orchideae dominates the orchid flora of the temperate Northern Hemisphere but its representatives in East Asia had been subject to less intensive phylogenetic study than those in Eurasia and North America. Although this situation was improved recently by the molecular phylogenetic study of Jin et al., comparatively few species were analyzed from the species-rich and taxonomically controversial East Asian Amitostigma alliance. Here, we present a framework nrITS tree of 235 accessions of Orchideae plus an in-depth analysis of 110 representative accessions, encompassing most widely recognized species within the alliance, to elucidate their relationships. Results We used parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches to generate trees from data for two nuclear (rITS, low-copy Xdh) and four chloroplast (matK, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, trnS-trnG) markers. Nuclear and plastid data were analyzed separately due to a few hard incongruences that most likely reflect chloroplast capture. Our results suggest key phylogenetic placements for Sirindhornia and Brachycorythis, and confirm previous assertions that the Amitostigma alliance is monophyletic and sister to the Eurasian plus European clades of subtribe Orchidinae. Seven robust clades are evident within the alliance, but none corresponds precisely with any of the traditional genera; the smaller and more morphologically distinct genera Tsaiorchis, Hemipilia, Neottianthe and Hemipiliopsis are monophyletic but each is nested within a polyphyletic plexus of species attributed to either Ponerorchis or the most plesiomorphic genus, Amitostigma. Two early-divergent clades that escaped analysis by Jin et al. undermine their attempt to circumscribe an expanded monophyletic genus Ponerorchis. Conclusions We provide a new framework on the complex phylogenetic relationships between Amitostigma and other genera traditionally included in its alliance; based on which, we combine the entire Amitostigma alliance into a morphologically and molecularly circumscribed Amitostigma sensu latissimo that also contains seven molecularly circumscribed sections. Our molecular trees imply unusually high levels of morphological homoplasy, but these will need to be quantified via a future group-wide review of the alliance based on living plants if morphology is to be fully integrated into our classification.
Data from: Population genetics of overwintering monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus), from central Mexico inferred from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers
Population genetic variation and demographic history in Danaus plexippus (L.), from Mexico were assessed based on analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI; 658 bp) and subunit II (COII; 503 bp) gene segments and seven microsatellite loci. The sample of 133 individuals included both migratory monarchs, mainly from four overwintering sites within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) in central Mexico (states of Michoacán and México), and a nonmigratory population from Irapuato, Guanajuato. Haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities were relatively low, averaging 0.466 and 0.00073, respectively, for COI, and 0.629 and 0.00245 for COII. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the COI data set, which included additional GenBank sequences from a nonmigratory Costa Rican population, showed significant population structure between Mexican migratory monarchs and nonmigratory monarchs from both Mexico and Costa Rica, suggesting limited gene flow between the two behaviorally distinct groups. Interestingly, while the COI haplotype frequencies of the nonmigratory populations differed from the migratory, they were similar to each other, despite the great physical distance between them. Microsatellite analyses, however, suggested a lack of structure between the two groups, possibly owing to the number of significant deviations from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium resulting from heterzoygote deficiencies found for most of the loci. Estimates of demographic history of the combined migratory MBBR monarch population, based on the mismatch distribution and Bayesian skyline analyses of the concatenated COI and COII data set (n = 89) suggested a population expansion dating to the late Pleistocene (~35,000 to 40,000 years before present) followed by a stable effective female population size (Nef) of about six million over the last 10,000 years.
FIGURE 4. a in Characterization of a secondary contact zone of the Great Tit Parus major and the Japanese Tit P. minor (Aves: Passeriformes) in Far Eastern Siberia with DNA markers.
FIGURE 4. a) Proportion of minor phenotypes plotted against geographic distances between the populations (with parameters, a = 1.0166, b = 0.1534, x = 5.7334, y = 0.0114, R2 = 0.9934), b) 0 0 proportion of minor mitochondrial haplotypes plotted against geographic distances (a = 1.0049, b = 0.1551, x = 0.5749, y = 0.0319, R2 = 0.9843) and c) proportion of individuals being assigned to 0 0 minor based on microsatellites plotted against geographic distances (a = 0.9616, b = 0.2167, x0 = 5.2785, y = 0.0166, R2 = 0.9928).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.