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35 results for “Dental Enamel”
Fig. 5 in Enamel microstructure and dental histology in a heterodontosaurid dinosaur: Heterodontosaurus tucki
Fig. 5. Simplified ornithischian phylogeny depicting characteristic schmelzmusters and enamel types for studied clades. Note: Presence of enamel tubules in Heterodontosaurus tucki dentary teeth remains unknown. Modified from Hwang (2005).
Fig. 3 in Enamel microstructure and dental histology in a heterodontosaurid dinosaur: Heterodontosaurus tucki
Fig. 3. Enamel microstructure of heterodontosaurid dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962 (BP/1/9007), from Lower Jurassic upper Elliot Massospondylus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. A. Scanning electron micrographs: A1, simplified, thin, labial edge enamel with incremental lines in transverse view; A2, thick, mesio-distal edge enamel exhibiting poorly organized crystallites and extremely infrequent enamel tubules in transverse view; A3, mesio-distal edge enamel exhibiting three enamel layers in longitudinal view. Long, sinuous, and continuous enamel tubules are frequently observed in this sectioning plane. B. Schematic enamel block depicting how enamel crystallite complexity might differ in different planes of sectioning. Abbreviations: BUL, basal unit layer; CUL, columnar unit layer; EDJ, enamel dentine junction; OES, outer enamel surface; PC, parallel crystallite.
Fig. 2 in Enamel microstructure and dental histology in a heterodontosaurid dinosaur: Heterodontosaurus tucki
Fig. 2. Maxillary tooth histology of heterodontosaurid dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962 (BP/1/9007), from Lower Jurassic upper Elliot Massospondylus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. A. Histological sections: A1, primary ridge: thick band of translucent dentine lines the labial edge of the tooth, no enamel is present; A2, whole tooth: transversely sectioned at the base of the wear facet; A3, mesial ridge: histologically distinct dentine thickens and enamel is absent; A4, labial edge: on the mesial distal edges the enamel is extremely thin, resulting from wear and likely a natural thinning of the enamel, histologically distinct dentine is present, but thin; A5, lateral edge: the enamel is thickest with no distinct dentine present. B. Scanning electron micrograph of labial edge of tooth showing crest formation from differential wear from the last stage of polishing.
Fig. 4 in Enamel microstructure and dental histology in a heterodontosaurid dinosaur: Heterodontosaurus tucki
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs depicting histologically distinct dentine on the outer labial edge of maxillary teeth of heterodontosaurid dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962 (BP/1/9007), from Lower Jurassic upper Elliot Massospondylus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. A1, shows the change in dentinal tubule orientation from radially emanating (below black dashed line) to longitudinally emanating (above black dashed line, circular cross-sections) to the atubular dentine present on the outermost edge (above white dashed line). Inset shows the position of the micrograph on the tooth cross section. A2, depicts the marked decrease in dentinal tubules in the outer ~20 µm of dentine. Inset shows that only intertubular dentine is present and the absence of occluded tubules which would be expected if this was derived from sclerotization of the dentine. A3, high magnification image of open dentinal tubules in the histologically distinct enamel (above black dashed line in A1). A4, close up showing the transition zone of tubule orientation. White arrow shows tubule cut along its long axis; black arrows show orthogonally sectioned tubules (circular). More circular tubules are present above the black dashed line than below indicating the zone of tubule orientation shift.
Fig. 1 in Enamel microstructure and dental histology in a heterodontosaurid dinosaur: Heterodontosaurus tucki
Fig. 1. Heterodontosaurid dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig, 1962 (BP/1/9007), from Lower Jurassic upper Elliot Massospondylus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. Left partial maxillary tooth row in lingual view; preserves partial crowns with wear facets. Blue plane indicates location of histological transverse sections from the middle of the tooth row.
FIGURE 7 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 7. Percentages of specimens above anisotropy (epLsar> 0.005) or complexity (Asfc> 2) cutpoints by species, facet, and preparation type. Triangles: living rhinoceros' species; circles: Béon 1 fossil rhinocerotids; size proportional to the number of specimens.
FIGURE 8 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 8. Barplots of mesowear scores on permanent teeth by method (ScoreA, ScoreB, Ruler) and by species. A- ScoreA: mesowear score based on Winkler and Kaiser (2011); B- ScoreB: mesowear score adapted from Fortelius and Solounias (2000); C- Ruler: mesowear score based on Mihlbachler et al. (2011). Only one tooth per specimen was considered.
FIGURE 1 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 1. Location map of Béon 1 locality, Montréal-du-Gers (MN4; mid-Orleanian, late early Miocene, south western France). The locality of Béon 1 is located (red circle) on the map of France (upper left corner) and on the zoom of south western France. Main cities (grey circles; bold) and rivers are indicated on the zoomed map. Dashed line represents the Spain-France frontier. Modified from Antoine and Duranthon (1997).
FIGURE 5 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 5. Comparison of the DMTA patterns by species, facet and preparation type. Upper graphs: hand-prepared specimens; lower graphs: sand-prepared specimens. Left graphs: grinding facet; right graphs: shearing facet. Boxplots of anisotropy and complexity were plotted along with the dotplots to facilitate graph interpretation.
FIGURE 8 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 8. Posterior lobe of lower m2 enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona cf. eximia from Verkhnya Krynytsya 2, cross-section.
FIGURE 7. Lower p3 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 7. Lower p3 enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona cf. eximia from Verkhnya Krynytsya 2, cross-section.
FIGURE 6 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 6. Lower incisor enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona sp. from Popovo 3, longitudinal section. 1-2, Enamel structure details from two different tooth parts.
FIGURE 2 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 2. Posterior lobe of lower m2 enamel ultrastructure; Prolagus aff. crusafonti from Popovo 3, cross- section. 1- 4, Enamel structure details from four different tooth parts.
FIGURE 3. Lower p3 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 3. Lower p3 enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona sp. from Popovo 3, cross-section.
FIGURE 1. Lower p3 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 1. Lower p3 enamel ultrastructure; Prolagus aff. crusafonti from Popovo 3, cross-section.
FIGURE 10. Lower p3 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 10. Lower p3 enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona sp. from Lobkove, cross- section.
FIGURE 5 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 5. Upper incisor enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona sp. from Popovo 3, cross-section.
FIGURE 4. Lower m2 in Dental enamel ultrastructure in Ochotona and Prolagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) from three late Miocene localities in Ukraine
FIGURE 4. Lower m2 enamel ultrastructure; Ochotona sp. from Popovo 3, cross-section.
Essential oil-containing solutions release low Ca and P concentrations into the dental enamel without morphology alterations
<p><strong>Background. </strong>The use of natural products such as essential oils has been suggested due to their promising pharmacological effects and economic viability.</p> <p>Aim. To determine hydrogenic potential (pH), titratable acidity (TA), and ion concentrations of five solutions containing essential oils (EO) and evaluate ion concentrations, enamel surface loss, and morphology.</p> <p><strong>Materials & Methods. </strong>The pH, TA, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) concentrations of five EO-containing solutions were measured. Bovine enamel specimens were submitted to two daily 30-sec immersions in artificial saliva, citric acid, distilled water, BaCloTea, GeLaTeaPep, EucaLem, Cinnamon, or Spearmint solutions for 14 days. Ca, K, Na, and phosphorus (P) were quantified through ions chromatography, enamel surface loss was determined by profilometry, and surface morphology was qualitatively analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey (p<0.05).</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>The five EO-containing solutions presented significantly lower pH values than distilled water (p<0.05). The GeLaTeaPep group presented a significantly higher TA value than BaCloTea (p<0.05), which in turn showed a significantly higher TA value than the other solutions (p<0.05). The distilled water presented significantly higher Ca, K, and Na concentrations than all EO-containing solutions (p<0.05). The enamel exposed to EO-containing solutions showed lower Ca and P concentrations than artificial saliva (control) as well as significantly higher surface loss; however, the surface morphology was similar to the artificial saliva.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>EO-containing solutions have low pH, TA, and low concentrations of Ca, Na, and K. Moreover, enamel exposed to these solutions showed low Ca and P concentrations and slight surface loss without morphology alteration.</p>
Data from: Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: an assessment of nutritionally-based extinction models
Approximately 50,000 – 11,000 years ago many species around the world became extinct or were extirpated at a continental scale. The causes of the late Pleistocene extinctions have been extensively debated and continue to be poorly understood. Several extinction models have been proposed, including two nutritionally-based extinction models: coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient models. These models draw upon the individualistic response of plant species to climate change to present a plausible scenario in which nutritional stress is considered one of the primary causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions. In this study, we tested predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient extinction models through the study of dental wear and enamel hypoplasia of Equus and Bison from various North American localities. The analysis of the dental wear (microwear and mesowear) of the samples yielded results which are consistent with predictions established for the coevolutionary disequilibrium model, but not for the mosaic-nutrient model. These ungulate species show statistically different dental wear patterns (suggesting dietary resource partitioning) during preglacial and full-glacial time intervals, but not during the postglacial in accordance with predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium model. In addition to changes in diet, these ungulates, specifically the equid species, show increased levels of enamel hypoplasia during the postglacial indicating higher levels of systemic stress, a result which is consistent with the models tested and with other climate-based extinction models. The extent to which the increase in systemic stress was detrimental to equid populations remains to be further investigated, but suggests that environmental changes during the late Pleistocene significantly impacted North American equids.
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