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10 results for “Diplostomida”
Fig. 4 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence
Fig. 4. Metacercariae of Diplostomum spp. from eye lenses of different fish hosts; (a) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, live, ventral view (b) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, fixed, ventral view (c) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, live, sunken pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813526, MN813534 and MN808616) (d) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Synodontis zambezensis, live, ventral view (hologenophore, GenBank MN813541) (e) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Oreochromis mossambicus, fixed, ventral view, small excretory granules (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813531, MN813539 and MN808621) (f) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Synodontis zambezensis, fixed, ventral view, large excretory granules (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813541) (g) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, fixed, ventral view, everted pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813532, MN813547 and MN808627) (h) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, fixed, ventral view, inverted pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813533, MN813548 and MN808628) (i) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, live metacercariae inside of fish lens. Scale bars: a–h = 100 μm; i = 700 μm.
Fig. 3 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence
Fig. 3. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram reconstructed using cox1 sequences for species of Diplostomum. Nodal support from BI and ML analyses indicated as BI/ML; only values> 0.90 (BI) and> 70 (ML) are displayed. Scale-bar indicates the expected number of substitution per site. Sequences generated in this study are in bold and indicated by blue rectangles. Codes with isolate information for newly generated sequences are provided in Table 3. Sequences derived from Africa are highlighted in blue, from Asia in purple, from Europe in orange, from North America in green (according to the map) and sequences reported from more than one continent are highlighted in black. Black arrows on the map demonstrate distribution of Diplostomum spathaceum and 'D. mergi Lineage 2' in both, Asia and Europe, and Diplostomum sp. 14 and Diplostomum sp. 16 in both, Africa and Asia. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence
Fig. 2. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylograms reconstructed using (a) partial 28S rDNA sequences (b) ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences for species of Diplostomum. Nodal support from BI and ML analyses indicated as BI/ML; only values> 0.90 (BI) and> 70 (ML) are displayed. Scale-bar indicates the expected number of substitution per site. Sequences generated in this study are in bold and indicated by blue rectangles. Codes with isolate information for newly generated sequences are provided in Table 3. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence
Fig. 1. Map illustrating the sampling localities on (a) River Riet in Mokala National Park (b) River Phongolo (Site 1, Site 2 and Nyamithi Lake) and the River Usuthu (Shokwe Pan) in Ndumo Game Reserve and (c) River Mooi (Boskop Dam) in Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa. The illustration was compiled in ArcGIS 10.6 (Available from https://support.esri.com/en/downloads).
Data from: Validity of the Diplostomoidea and Diplostomida (Digenea, Platyhelminthes) upheld in phylogenomic analysis
Higher systematics within the Digenea, Carus 1863 have been relatively stable since a phylogenetic analysis of partial nuclear ribosomal markers (rDNA) led to the erection of the Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray, and Littlewood, 2003. However, recent mitochondrial (mt) genome phylogenies suggest this order might be paraphyletic. These analyses show members of two diplostomidan superfamilies are more closely related to the Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 than to other members of the Diplostomida. In one of the groups implicated, the Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886, a recent phylogeny based on mt DNA also indicates the superfamily as a whole is non-monophyletic. To determine if these results were robust to additional taxon sampling, we analyzed mt genomes from seven diplostomoids in three families. To choose between phylogenetic alternatives based on mt genomes and the prior rDNA-based topology, we also analyzed hundreds of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) assembled from shotgun sequencing. The Diplostomida was paraphyletic in the mt genome phylogeny, but supported in the UCE phylogeny. We speculate this mitonuclear discordance is related to ancient, rapid radiation in the Digenea. Both UCEs and mt genomes support the monophyly of the Diplostomoidea and show congruent relationships within it. The Cyathocotylidae Muhling, 1898 are early diverging descendants of a paraphyletic clade of Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886, in which were nested members of the Strigeidae Railliet, 1919; the results support prior suggestions that the Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960 will rise to the family level. Morphological traits of diplostomoid metacercariae appear to be more useful for differentiating higher taxa than those of adults. We describe a new species of Cotylurus Szidat, 1928, resurrect a species of Hysteromorpha Lutz, 1931, and find support for a species of Alaria Schrank, 1788 of contested validity. Complete rDNA operons are provided as a resource for future studies.
Data from: Validity of the Diplostomoidea and Diplostomida (Digenea, Platyhelminthes) upheld in phylogenomic analysis
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Figure 3. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 31 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 3. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 31 sequences from members of Alaria (syn. Pharyngostomoides) based on BI analysis of partial cox1 mtDNA gene sequences. BI posterior probability values lower than 80% are not shown. The new sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. The information on biogeographical realms and families of definitive hosts is provided only for taxa confirmed with sequence data. Abbreviations of biogeographical realms: N, Nearctic; P, Palaearctic. Abbreviations of family of definitive host: Can, Canidae; Fel, Felidae; Mep, Mephitidae; Mus, Mustelidae; Pro, Procyonidae. ‡ All collected specimens are immature. § Previously identified as A. americana by Locke et al. (2018).
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 54 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships among 54 diplostomoidean taxa based on BI analysis of partial 28S rDNA gene sequences including Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides spp. BI posterior probability values lower than 80% are not shown. The new sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 4. Photographs of: A, Tylodelphys variabilis comb. nov. from Didelphis virginiana, Arkansas; B, Alaria arisaemoides from Canis latrans, Oregon; C, Alaria alata from Nyctereutes procyonoides, Ukraine; D, Alaria marcianae from Taxidea taxus, North Dakota; E, Alaria ovalis comb. nov. from Procyon lotor, Mississippi; F, Alaria procyonis comb. nov. from Procyon lotor, Minnesota; G, H, Alaria mustelae from Mephitis mephitis, North Dakota.
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals
Figure 2. Phylogenetic interrelationships among eight species of Alaria (syn. Pharyngostomoides) based on BI analysis of partial 28S rDNA gene sequences. BI posterior probability values lower than 80% are not shown. The new sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. Biogeographical realm and family of definitive host from which specimens were collected are provided when possible; the information on biogeographical realms and families of definitive hosts is provided only for taxa confirmed with sequence data. Abbreviations of biogeographical realms: N, Nearctic; P, Palaearctic. Abbreviations of family of definitive host: Can, Canidae; Fel, Felidae; Mep, Mephitidae; Mus, Mustelidae; Pro, Procyonidae. ‡ All collected specimens are immature.
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