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5 results for “Dissolution kinetics”
Silica solubility and dissolution kinetics at high saline geothermal conditions
<p>This dataset contains solubility data for silica as a function of time, temperature and salinity. The dataset supports Chapter 2 in the deliverable “Report on mineral solubility and precipitation at high salinities, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48440/gfz.4.8.2023.001 from the H2020 project REFLECT.</p> <p>The silica material used as solid substrate for the dissolution studies was pro analysis sea sand (purified by acid washing and calcinated for analysis) from Merck. The sand grain size (125-250 µm) included in the experiments was obtained by sieving the material. The sieved powder was washed with tap water to remove fine grains from the samples, and dried prior to experiments. The BET surface area of the sand was measured to 0.69 m<sup>2</sup>/g and the weighted mean particle size distribution (PSD) was 118 µm. The crystallographic structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and this analysis showed that the sample contained mainly low-quartz (minimum 95% w/w) with a few unidentified impurities. SEM/EDS maps of the silica powder showed essentially pure silica with minor Al impurity. Some grains or regions are enriched in Al and K, suggesting some aluminium silicate. Some minor spots rich in Ti, Fe and Cr were also detected.</p> <p>The experiments conducted to study silica solubility at equilibrium conditions were performed at five different temperatures (100, 125, 150, 175 and 200°C) and four salinities (NaCl concentrations 50.9, 103.6, 215.7 and 338.1 g/kg H<sub>2</sub>O). The columns containing SiO<sub>2</sub> and NaCl solutions where isolated for a reaction time of six days before fluid sampling (Table1 “Silica solubility at high saline geothermal conditions”).</p> <p>The experiments conducted to study silica solubility kinetics were performed for different time periods (from 1 hour up to 144 hours) to study solubility as a function of time. These tests were conducted at 200°C with NaCl concentration 50.92 g/kg and 338.09 g/kg H<sub>2</sub>O (Table2 “Silica solubility kinetics at high saline geothermal conditions”).</p> <p>The experimental setup consists of packed static columns. Maximum four columns (length 40 cm, i.d. 10.22 mm, stainless steel SS316) packed with the material to study can be placed in parallel within the setup. Porous metal frits (HC276) are placed at the outlet and inlet of the columns to prevent entrainment of the material. Approximately 50 g of dried SiO<sub>2</sub> powder is required to fill a column completely and the pore volume was measured gravimetrically to be approximately 15 ml. Two Gilson 307 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps are included in the setup. One for filling and displacing column pore fluid and one for diluting the fluid prior to sampling, preventing precipitation of dissolved silica due to depressurization and cooling. Pressure was maintained by a dome loaded backpressure regulator (BPR) from CoreLab at the column outlet and liquid samples were collected using a fraction collector (Gilson FC203B). The setup of columns and inlet/outlet valves was placed in a heating cabinet (Memmert). The columns were thermally insulated to prevent instabilities in temperature and hence pressure when opening the heating cabinet during sampling.</p> <p>The columns are flooded with degassed NaCl fluid at a low flow rate and pressurized initially to 25 bars while temperature is increased slowly to the desired level. The time of start is noted, the brine pump is shut off, and the individual columns isolated by closing inlet and outlet valves. After a period (hours, days, or weeks) samples are withdrawn from the columns and diluted at the mixing point by re-opening the valves and operating both HPLC pumps. A dilution factor of 8.5 is selected to prevent precipitation. For each sampling five samples of 2 ml is collected (totally 10 ml of fluid). The two first samples are considered to contain mainly dead volumes from tubing, fittings and valves and are therefore discharged. The three last samples represent the pore fluid from the column. These samples are analysed for Si and NaCl concentration. The NaCl concentration was analysed to keep control of the dilution step of the sampling process.</p> <p>SiO<sub>2</sub> and NaCl concentrations were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The elements Si and Cl (ICP-MS) or Si and Na (ICP-EOS) were detected.</p> <p>The Si concentration from the analysis was reported as mg/L solution. From this concentration the concentration of SiO<sub>2</sub> in the samples were calculated and reported as mol/kg H<sub>2</sub>O. The conversion from liter solution to kg H<sub>2</sub>O was done using the OLI software for density calculations.</p>
Silica dissolution and precipitation kinetics in hot geothermal conditions
<p>This dataset report quartz dissolution kinetics as obtained from packed column experiments at different flow rates. Variables were temperature, pressure and NaCl content as incicated in the table. Silica values are reported as mg/L of Si as measured by ICP-OES. Also included in the table is a column describing how data series were treated to extract steady-state values for each flow rate (cf. the report to which the current dataset is related). The column "solubility used" states the solubility used to calculate dissolution (k<sub>+</sub>) and precipitation (k<sub>-</sub>) rate constants along with a column "source" which briefly indicates how this value was obtained. Further details are given in the report.</p> <p>Factors used to get from the raw data to the reported rate constants are also given. Not included in the table, but common for all data points are a quartz BET surface are of 0.6922 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 10 g quartz and a quartz activity assumed to be 1.</p> <p>Note that this dataset contain several measurement points that are not representative. These include points close do equilibrium where kinetic information cannot be reliably obtained and points where it is suspected that a temperature drop during sampling may have caused erroneous results (the Si content actually represents a somewhat lower temperature that was not measured). The reader is referred to the full report for details.</p>
Dataset on the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on Mg(OH)2 dissolution and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics.
<p>Dataset from the manuscript "Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement" from Moras et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645). The dataset compiles all data used in the manuscript. The manuscript covers Mg(OH)2 dissoluton and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement. These kinetics are reported under different conditions, such as varying grain size and seawater salinity.</p>
Figure 1 from: Shulyak N, Liushuk K, Semeniuk O, Yarema N, Uglyar T, Popovych D, Sverstiuk A, Ciciura R, Logoyda L (2022) Study of the dissolution kinetics of drugs in solid dosage form with lisinopril and atorvastatin and intestinal permeability to assess their equivalence in vitro. Pharmacia 69(1): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77319
Figure 1 Typical multiple reaction monitoring chromatograms of atorvastatin.
Figure 2 from: Shulyak N, Liushuk K, Semeniuk O, Yarema N, Uglyar T, Popovych D, Sverstiuk A, Ciciura R, Logoyda L (2022) Study of the dissolution kinetics of drugs in solid dosage form with lisinopril and atorvastatin and intestinal permeability to assess their equivalence in vitro. Pharmacia 69(1): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77319
Figure 2 Typical multiple reaction monitoring chromatograms of lisinopril.
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