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22 results for “Drosophila virus”
Drosophila serrata mutation accumulation lines: Phenotypic data on survival following infection with Drosophila C virus and reproduction
<p>The impact of selection on host immune function genes has been widely documented. However, it remains essentially unknown how mutation influences the quantitative immune traits that selection acts on. Applying a classical mutation accumulation (MA) experimental design in <em>Drosophila serrata</em>, we found the mutational variation in susceptibility (median time of death, LT50) to Drosophila C virus (DCV) was of similar magnitude to that reported for intrinsic survival traits. Mean LT50 did not change as mutations accumulated, suggesting no directional bias in mutational effects. Maintenance of genetic variance in immune function is hypothesised to be influenced by pleiotropic effects on immunity and other traits that contribute to fitness. To investigate this, we assayed female reproductive output for a subset of MA lines with relatively long or short survival times under DCV infection. Longer survival time tended to be associated with lower reproductive output, suggesting that mutations affecting susceptibility to DCV had pleiotropic effects on investment in reproductive fitness. Further studies are needed to uncover the general patterns of mutational effect on immune responses and other fitness traits, and to determine how selection might typically act on new mutations via their direct and pleiotropic effects.</p>
Drosophila serrata mutation accumulation lines: Phenotypic data on survival following infection with Drosophila C virus and reproduction
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Sequencing data and normalized counts for tripartite RNAseq of Drosophila, Wolbachia, and SINV virus
<p><span><i>Wolbachia</i> is a maternally transmitted bacterium that manipulates arthropod and nematode biology in myriad ways. The <i>Wolbachia</i> strain colonizing <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> creates sperm-egg incompatibilities and protects its host against RNA viruses, making it a promising tool for vector control. Despite successful trials using <i>Wolbachia</i>-transfected mosquitoes for Dengue control, knowledge of how <i>Wolbachia</i> and viruses jointly affect insect biology remains limited. Using the <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>model, transcriptomics and gene expression network analyses revealed pathways with altered expression and splicing due to <i>Wolbachia</i> colonization and virus infection. Included are metabolic pathways previously unknown to be important for <i>Wolbachia</i>-host interactions. Additionally, <i>Wolbachia</i>-colonized flies exhibit a dampened transcriptomic response to virus infection, consistent with early blocking of virus replication. Finally, using <i>Drosophila</i> genetics, we show <i>Wolbachia</i> and expression of nucleotide metabolism genes have interactive effects on virus replication. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen blocking will contribute to the effective development of <i>Wolbachia</i>-mediated vector control programs.</span></p>
Data from: Flies on the move: an inherited virus mirrors Drosophila melanogaster's elusive ecology and demography
Vertically transmitted parasites rely on their host's reproduction for their transmission, leading to the evolutionary histories of both parties being intimately entwined. Parasites can thus serve as a population genetic magnifying glass for their host's demographic history. Here, we study the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster's vertically transmitted sigma virus DMelSV. The virus has a high mutation rate and low effective population size, allowing us to reconstruct at a fine scale how the combined forces of the movement of flies and selection on the virus have shaped its migration patterns. We found that the virus is likely to have spread to Europe from Africa, mirroring the colonization route of Drosophila. The North American DMelSV population appears to be the result of a recent single immigration from Europe, invading together with its host in the late 19th century. Across Europe, DMelSV migration rates are low and populations are highly genetically structured, likely reflecting limited fly movement. Despite being intolerant of extreme cold, viral diversity suggests that fly populations can persist in harsh continental climates and that recolonisation from the warmer south plays a minor role. In conclusion, studying DMelSV can provide insights into the poorly understood ecology of D. melanogaster, one of the best-studied organisms in biology.
Data from: Virus evolution in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila
Wolbachia, a common vertically transmitted symbiont, can protect insects against viral infection and prevent mosquitoes from transmitting viral pathogens. For this reason, Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes are being released to prevent the transmission of dengue and other arboviruses. An important question for the long-term success of these programs is whether viruses can evolve to escape the antiviral effects of Wolbachia. We have found that Wolbachia altered the outcome of competition between strains of the DCV virus in Drosophila. However, Wolbachia still effectively blocked the virus genotypes that were favoured in the presence of the symbiont. We conclude that Wolbachia did cause an evolutionary response in viruses but this has little or no impact on the effectiveness of virus-blocking.
Age, tissue, genotype and virus infection regulate Wolbachia levels in Drosophila
The bacterial symbiont Wolbachia can protect insects against viral pathogens, and the varying levels of antiviral protection are correlated with the endosymbiont load within the insects. To understand why Wolbachia strains differ in their antiviral effects, we investigated the factors controlling Wolbachia density in five closely related strains in their natural Drosophila hosts. We found that Wolbachia density varied greatly across different tissues and between flies of different ages, and these effects depended on the host-symbiont association. Some endosymbionts maintained largely stable densities as flies aged while others increased, and these effects in turn depended on the tissue being examined. Measuring Wolbachia rRNA levels in response to viral infection, we found that viral infection itself also altered Wolbachia levels, with FHV causing substantial reductions in symbiont loads late in the infection. This effect, however, was virus-specific as DCV had little impact on Wolbachia in all of the five host systems. Since viruses have strong tissue tropisms and antiviral protection is thought to be cell autonomous, these effects are likely to affect the virus-blocking phenomenon. However, we were unable to find any evidence of a correlation between Wolbachia and viral titers within the same tissues. We conclude that Wolbachia levels within flies are regulated in a complex host-symbiont-virus dependent manner and this trinity is likely to influence the antiviral effects of Wolbachia.
Data from: Virus evolution in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila
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Data from: Flies on the move: an inherited virus mirrors Drosophila melanogaster’s elusive ecology and demography
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Age, tissue, genotype and virus infection regulate Wolbachia levels in Drosophila
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Sequencing data and normalized counts for tripartite RNAseq of Drosophila, Wolbachia, and SINV virus
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Data from: Costs and benefits of sub-lethal Drosophila C virus infection
Viruses are major evolutionary drivers of insect immune systems. Much of our knowledge of insect immune responses derives from experimental infections using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Most experiments, however, employ lethal pathogen doses through septic injury, frequently overwhelming host physiology. While this approach has revealed several immune mechanisms, it is less informative about the fitness costs hosts may experience during infection in the wild. Using both systemic and oral infection routes we find that even apparently benign, sub-lethal infections with the horizontally transmitted Drosophila C Virus (DCV) can cause significant physiological and behavioral morbidity that is relevant for host fitness. We describe DCV-induced effects on fly reproductive output, digestive health, and locomotor activity, and we find that viral morbidity varies according to the concentration of pathogen inoculum, host genetic background and sex. Notably, sub-lethal DCV infection resulted in a significant increase in fly reproduction, but this effect depended on host genotype. We discuss the relevance of sub-lethal morbidity for Drosophila ecology and evolution, and more broadly, we remark on the implications of deleterious and beneficial infections for the evolution of insect immunity.
Data and code for "The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection"
<p>Raw data and R code for:</p> <p>Kutzer M, Gupta V, Neophytou K, Doublet V, Monteith KM, Vale PF. The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection. bioRxiv. 2022; 2022.06.09.495537. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495537">10.1101/2022.06.09.495537</a></p> <p>Data files are:</p> <p>titre.csv. -viral titre for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV, measured 3 days post-infection<br> survival.csv -survival for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV.<br> fecundity.csv - number of offspring produced by females of 10 DGRP lines when infected with 6 doses of DCV.<br> expression_MK. Baseline and infected expression of G9a and Upd3 for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, following exposure to 10e7 DCV IU/ml.</p>
Data from: Costs and benefits of sub-lethal Drosophila C virus infection
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Data from: Symbiont strain is the main determinant of variation in Wolbachia-mediated protection against viruses across Drosophila species
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Analysis of genes regulated by IKKb (Ird5) in the presence or absence of CrPV (Cricket paralysis virus) infection in Drosophila S2 cells
GEO Series GSE99044. Drosophila melanogaster. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effect of insulin on West Nile virus (WNV) infection in Drosophila S2 cells.
GEO Series GSE216532. Drosophila melanogaster. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Analysis of IKKb (Ird5) regulated genes in control and hemizygote IKKb (Ird5) null mutant adult flies after DCV (Drosophila C virus) infection
GEO Series GSE99043. Drosophila melanogaster. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
FOXO regulates RNA interference in Drosophila and protects from RNA virus infection
GEO Series GSE73827. Drosophila melanogaster. 5 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
Expression profile of adult Drosophila melanogaster expressing a self-replicating RNA of Sindbis virus
GEO Series GSE42726. Drosophila melanogaster. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
High throughput sequencing of small RNAs from Drosophila cells infected with a panel of viruses
GEO Series GSE43031. Drosophila melanogaster. 25 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.