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opencc-by-3.0Feb 2017View details →

Fig. 4 in Connecting systematic and ecological studies using DNA barcoding in a population survey of Drosophilidae (Diptera) from Mt Oku (Cameroon)

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic analysis of the subgenus Sophophora and Lissocephala aff. diola Tsacas & Lachaise, 1979. Conventions as for Fig. 3.

opencc-by-3.0Feb 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Connecting systematic and ecological studies using DNA barcoding in a population survey of Drosophilidae (Diptera) from Mt Oku (Cameroon)

Fig. 2. Percent divergence of the morphospecies DNA barcode from the closest neighbor found in the barcode database.

opencc-by-3.0Feb 2017View details →

Fig. 3 in Connecting systematic and ecological studies using DNA barcoding in a population survey of Drosophilidae (Diptera) from Mt Oku (Cameroon)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Zaprionus and Microdrosophila aff. mamaru (Burla, 1954). This tree is the neighbor-joining tree. The maximum likelihood tree gives the same topology. Nodes with a bootstrap value lower than 50% were merged. Bootstrap values were calculated over 1000 repeats. Above nodes: bootstrap values for maximum likelihood using a GTR + G + I model. Below nodes: bootstrap values for neighbor-joining using the Kimura-2p distance.

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Data from: Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift

<p>The Spotted Wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila</em> <em>suzukii</em>) is native to Southeast Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical distribution of <em>D. suzukii</em>. We performed an extensive literature review to map the current records. In total, 517 documented occurrences (96 native and 421 invasive) were identified spanning 52 countries. Next, we constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence records in: 1) the native range (SDMnative), 2) the invasive range in Europe (SDMEurope) and 3) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The models aimed to investigate, whether this species will be able to occupy additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim). Predictions of habitat suitability vary greatly depending on the origins of occurrence records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were key limiting factors for the distribution of <em>D. suzukii</em>, which suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range. Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe, suggesting that <em>D. suzukii</em> is not occupying its full fundamental niche yet. Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila</em> <em>suzukii</em>), we show a shift in the ecological niche in <em>D. suzukii</em> populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence and local environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we urge policymakers to initiate appropriate management programs.</p>

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Figures 7–12 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 7–12. Fifth sternites of male: 7, Phortica hani Zhang & Shi; 8, Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 9, Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 10, Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 11, Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov.; 12, Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov. The scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 24, 25 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 24, 25. Phortica longiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 24, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 25, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figure 27 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figure 27. Single maximum parsimony tree based on the concatenated DNA sequences (tree length = 831, consistency index = 0.7714, retention index = 0.7497).

Figures 22, 23 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 22, 23. Phortica longicauda Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 22, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 23, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 16, 17 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 16, 17. Phortica hirtotibia Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 16, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 17, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 1–6 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 1–6. Hindlegs of male. For details of the parts denoted by letters a–e see the descriptions of individual species.

Figures 13–15 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 13–15. Phortica floccipes Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 13, arista; 14, epandrium (epand), surstylus (sur), cercus (cerc), and tenth sternite (st 10) (lateral view); 15, hypandrium (hypd), gonopods (gon), paramere (pm), aedeagus (aed), and aedeagal apodeme (aed a) (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 18, 19 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 18, 19. Phortica pinguiseta Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 18, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 19, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Figures 20, 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Figures 20, 21. Phortica panda Cao & Chen sp. nov., male. 20, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 21, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme. For abbreviations see Figs 14 and 15. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Constant fluctuating asymmetry but not directional asymmetry along the geographic distribution of Drosophila antonietae (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Fig. 1. Locations of the sampled populations of Drosophila antonietae. Serrana (21◦ 14Ɩ S, 47◦ 34Ɩ W), Itirapina (22◦16Ɩ S, 47◦48Ɩ W), Guarapuava (25◦17Ɩ S, 51◦53Ɩ W), Cantagalo (25◦25Ɩ S, 52◦04Ɩ W), Santiago (29◦ 23Ɩ S, 54◦44Ɩ W).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

TaxoDros - The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae hash://md5/c6ca8257965cccb206b90b022a9446e8 hash://sha256/0185b51272f3cd5ca6af34ee406564c3366211bed461650e28273cc7f27f6210

<div> </div> <p>This repository contains the TaxoDros source data for <a href="https://www.taxodros.uzh.ch/" rel="nofollow">Taxodros</a>: The database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae as provided by Gerhard Bächli, the database maintainer, in Jan 2025.</p> <p>TaxoDros forms the basis of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/taxodros" rel="nofollow">Zenodo TaxoDros Community</a>. See also <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/taxodros/about" rel="nofollow">https://zenodo.org/communities/taxodros/about</a> .</p> <div> <h2>Index Files</h2> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#index-files"></a></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>filename</th> <th>description (click for details)</th> <th>signature</th> </tr> </tbody><tbody> <tr> <td>ALLORTE.TEXT</td> <td>location information</td> <td>hash://md5/9f31fe295591c47b7d82e9871fa0db85</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASHBURN.TEXT</td> <td>journal names</td> <td>hash://md5/225fa584ea602b27de1bcf9ac7edcf68</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DROS3.TEXT</td> <td>reference descriptors</td> <td>hash://md5/9ae8095ab8fee928b4d0b78fbf937ba0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DROS5.TEXT</td> <td>reference details</td> <td>hash://md5/1e07c7a2567d0431f94e799f5e3db252</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KEYWORDS.TEXT</td> <td>descriptors and country names</td> <td>hash://md5/a115d0559dfd3ea75b758fee71246775</td> </tr> <tr> <td>README.md</td> <td>this file (mostly)</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPECIES-LIST_GE_SG</td> <td>all Drosophilid-epithets (species, infra-specific names, such as “melanogaster”), including the respective genus and subgenus name</td> <td>hash://md5/be40d900cf2651cb84e0c1efeca04078</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPECIES-LIST_GR_SR</td> <td>(species-)groups and subgroups</td> <td>hash://md5/0a9ebec3f9e7232de32984968323b0c2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SPECIES-LIST_GR_SR_SC</td> <td>(species-)group, subgroup and species-complex</td> <td>hash://md5/f0f08d3680b7c2aedede94af3ae17b52</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SYST.QE.TEXT</td> <td>copy of the SYST.TEXT as a mere text-file without header</td> <td>hash://md5/3fb637e9bb67a021a8dff8c06888fa0a</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SYST.TEXT</td> <td>all systematic relationships, including synonymy</td> <td>hash://md5/4609142e8ed4994c673316c280e20af5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TAXA_LIST</td> <td>all taxa (as abbreviation), for species with the currently accepted genus name, and the actual bibliographic reference</td> <td>hash://md5/0ef01d88281c8a0adff9a974a2087338</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div> <h2>PDF Files</h2> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#pdf-files"></a></div> <p>TaxoDros keeps a library of associated pdfs. See <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io/blob/main/pdf">pdf</a> for more information.</p> <div> <h3>History</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#history"></a></div> <p>Version 20240112: Added DOI to .K in DROS5.TEXT and SYST.QE.TEXT Version 20240926: Scheduled update of index files with new/updated pdfs. Version 20250120: Scheduled update of index files with new/updated pdfs.</p> <div> <h2>Index File Details</h2> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#index-file-details"></a></div> <p>Details based on description provided by Bächli in January 2024.</p> <p>The TaxoDros Index includes 12 files. With the exception of SYST.TEXT all files are strict size-limited (72 Chars, some lines with continuations in DROS5.TEXT). The font used is Monaco, a fix-length font on Mac, which in a text editor makes the data looking (pseudo)tabellaric. The following information is important to understand the individual files.</p> <div> <h3>ALLORTE.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#allortetext"></a></div> <p>This file includes all collection sites in alphabetical order, with geographic coordinates, first geographic longitude, then geographic latitude (&bdquo;-&bdquo; at the end means rather exact data) und die Swiss coordinates [This is used for Swiss Topo maps], followed by the (abbreviated) name of the country. The abbreviations are explained and expanded in KEYWORDS.TEXT and used in Taxodros online.</p> <div> <h3>ASHBURN.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#ashburntext"></a></div> <p>This text-file containes the names of the journals: *s = abbreviation of names used in DROS5.TEXT *u = full (formal) names of journals</p> <div> <h3>DROS3.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#dros3text"></a></div> <p>This text-file includes the descriptors (keywords) used for each source. Each segment has two tags: .TEXT; and .DESC;. The tag .TEXT; includes first the source identification and may be followed by collecting localities (each beginning with =e=…). The tag .DESC; is followed by the “short name” of the taxon (always in first place) followed by the descriptors (key words), The keywords used are explained in KEYWORDS.TEXT. With the exception of the tags, all the following lines are in lower case. Addional “short names” can follow in each segment, in case that the keywords also apply. The keyword “descr” is also used in connection with the keywords fig, egg, larv, pup. Multiple segments are used for each source, when needed.</p> <p>Example (copy of two segments in DROS3.TEXT:</p> <div> <pre><code>.TEXT; tag acurio et al., 2013 (source identification) =e=san jose beach (collection site) .DESC; tag machalilla (“short name”) descr keyword, followed by additional descriptors) fig malex malin femex femin typemat typeloc loc distr$ Ecuador country of collections site comp affil taxon phyl egg pup biol .TEXT; tag acurio et al., 2013 (source information) .DESC; tag atalaia-gr (“short name“) descr (keyword) taxaincl (keyword) affil (keyword) taxon (keyword) phyl (keyword) </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <div> <h3>DROS5.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#dros5text"></a></div> <p>This text-file contains segments with the bibliographic details for each source of information. Each segment begins with the tag .TEXT; strictly followed by the following tags: .A , .J , .S , .Z or .Z., .K , .P . All tags are fix length (max. 72 chars), excepting the tags .A and .S which may have consecutive lines without new tags.</p> <p>The following is important:</p> <ul> <li>There is only one segment for each source of information.</li> <li>Excepting the source identification (in lowercase), all tags may contain text with the usual capitalization.</li> <li>The lines “source identification” in DROS3.TEXT and DROS5.TEXT are in exact match, connecting the two files.</li> </ul> <p>Explanation of the tags used within each segment:</p> <div> <pre><code>.TEXT; Segment delimiter .A source identification .J year of publication .S title .Z Journal name (abbreviated), volume(issue):first page-last page or .Z. for Books: editor etc. .K comments: library codes, pdf quality, DOI .P name of respective pdf, if available </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <p>Example: (copy of segment in DROS5.TEXT)</p> <div> <pre><code>.TEXT; acurio et al., 2013 .A Acurio, A., Rafael, V., Cespedes, D., and Ruiz, A., .J 2013 .S Description of a New Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Species and Its Evolutionary Relationships Inferred by a Cladistic Analysis of Morphological Traits. .Z Ann. ent. Soc. Am., 106:1-11. .K ocr++ / DOI:10.1603.AN13028 .P Acurio et al., 2013 </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <div> <h3>KEYWORDS.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#keywordstext"></a></div> <p>This text-file includes the descriptors (keywords) used in DROS3.TEXT and the (abbreviated) names of countries used in ALLORTE.TEXT and DROS5.TEXT, all used in online TAXODROS.</p> <div> <h3>SPECIES-List_GE_SG</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#species-list_ge_sg"></a></div> <p>In this text-file, all taxon names (short names, epithets) are listed with their affiliation to genus and subgenus.</p> <div> <h3>SPECIES-List_GR_SG</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#species-list_gr_sg"></a></div> <p>In this text-file, all taxon names (short names, epithets) are listed with their affiliation to genus, subgenus, specie-groups and specie-subgroups.</p> <div> <h3>SPECIES-List_GR_SR_SC</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#species-list_gr_sr_sc"></a></div> <p>In this text-file, all taxon names (short names, epithets) are listed with their affiliation to genus, subgenus, species-group, species-subgroup and species-complex.</p> <div> <h3>SYST.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#systtext"></a></div> <p>This is a XLS-file in text/tab format. It includes all systematic relationships, including comments on synonymy and homonymy, etc., with tags for sorting. Some tags:</p> <div> <pre><code>.KF “short name“, used in DROS3.TEXT (e.g., atterima) So called homonyms are separated by nummers and uniquely identified (e.g., attenuata 1). .VN the currently accepted name (taxonomy). (e.g., aterrima) .FU the original form of the name, with author(s), etc.,. (e.g., atterima Patterson and Wheeler, 1949:218) .OR the original generic affiliation of the name (e.g., Drosophila) .AU the original source to link with DROS5.TEXT (e.g., patterson & wheeler, 1949) .FA family (e.g., Drosophilidae) .SF subfamily (e.g., Drosophilinae) .TR tribe (e.g., Drosophilini) .ST subtribe (e.g., Drosophilina) .IT infratribe (e.g., Drosophiliti) .GE genus (e.g., Scaptomyza) .SG subgenus (e.g., Macroscaptomyza) .GR species group (e.g., mesophragmatica) .SR species subgroup (e.g., mesophragmatica) .SC species complex (e.g., altissima) .SS subspecies (e.g., avittata) .CO any comments (status, etc.) </code></pre> <div> </div> </div> <div> <h3>SYST.QE.TEXT</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#systqetext"></a></div> <p>This is a text-file, actually an exact copy of the file SYST.TEXT without connection with xls.</p> <div> <h3>TAXA-LIST</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#taxa-list"></a></div> <p>This text-file lists all “short names” with actual genus affiliation and author(s) combination.</p> <div> <h3>TAXODROS</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#taxodros"></a></div> <p>The link <a href="https://www.taxodros.uzh.ch" rel="nofollow">https://www.taxodros.uzh.ch</a> allows search with keywords, search for distribution and contains lists for taxonomic overviews.</p> <div> <h2>References</h2> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#references"></a></div> <div> <h3>Elliott2020</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#elliott2020"></a></div> <p>Elliott M.J., Poelen J.H., Fortes J.A.B. (2020). Toward Reliable Biodiversity Dataset References. <em>Ecological Informatics</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101132" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101132</a> <a href="https://linker.bio/hash://sha256/136c3c1808bcf463bb04b11622bb2e7b5fba28f5be1fc258c5ea55b3b84f482c" rel="nofollow">hash://sha256/136c3c1808bcf463bb04b11622bb2e7b5fba28f5be1fc258c5ea55b3b84f482c</a></p> <div> <h3>Elliott2023</h3> <a href="https://github.com/TaxoDros/TaxoDros.github.io#elliott2023"></a></div> <p>Elliott M.J., Poelen, J.H. & Fortes, J.A.B. (2023) Signing data citations enables data verification and citation persistence. <em>Sci Data</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02230-y" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02230-y</a> <a href="https://linker.bio/hash://sha256/f849c870565f608899f183ca261365dce9c9f1c5441b1c779e0db49df9c2a19d" rel="nofollow">hash://sha256/f849c870565f608899f183ca261365dce9c9f1c5441b1c779e0db49df9c2a19d</a></p> <div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div>

FIG. 1 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 1. Heads, frontal views, of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group. A. D. limpiensis (ex: type locality: Limpia Canyon, Texas). B. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). C. D. subfunebris (ex: type series: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: type series: Earp, CA). To the same scale.

FIG. 8 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 8. Detail of apices of aedeagi (ventral views) of native North American species of the D. funebris group (all to the same scale). A. D. limpiensis. B. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). C. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH). D. D. macrospina (ex: Missouri). E. D. trispina. F. D. subfunebris.

FIG. 2 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 2. Heads, lateral views, of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group. A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH). C. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA). To the same scale.

FIG. 5 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 5. Male genitalia of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group, ventral views (to same scale). A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: St. Catherine's Island, GA). C. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). D. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). E. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA).

FIG. 4 in The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

FIG. 4. Epandria (male) of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group; posterolateral views (to same scale). A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: Magazine Mtn., AR). C. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA).