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336 results for “Drought Stress”
Leaf spectroscopy and active fluorescence datasets for early drought and nitrogen stress diagnosis in tomato
<p>The dataset contains different plant physiological parameters collected during a 14-day stress and recovery experiment on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L. cv Moneymaker) plants, undergoing a nitrogen deficiency, drought or control treatment. </p> <p>A full description of the experiment, together with the scientific results, is published by Pescador-Dionisio et al. (2024), and can be found through: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20253">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20253.</a></p> <p>The goal of the dataset collection was to obtain a non-invasive proximal sensing dataset at leaf level (reflectance, transmittance, upward and downward fluorescence), in parallel to gas exchange and active fluorescence measurements. The leaf spectroscopy dataset was further processed by a pigment spectral unmixing algorithm according to Van Wittenberghe et al. (2024), to calculate fluorescence quantum efficiency (<em><strong>FQE</strong></em>) and effective absorbance (<strong><em>A_eff</em></strong>) changes associated to the activation of regulated heat dissipation (<strong><em>A_eff_535_Xan</em></strong>). The latter absorption feature is linked to the xanthophyll ('<strong>Xan</strong>') absorption in the 500-600 nm range, which is modelled by the sum of three Gaussians. For a full description of this feature, see Van Wittenberghe et al. (2021).</p> <p>Gas exchange and active fluorescence measurements were carried out with a LI-6400 portable photosysthesis system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA) equipped with a 6400-40 leaf chamber fluorometer. Steady-state measurements were done at 300 and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 ('<strong><em>PAR300</em></strong>' and '<em><strong>PAR1000</strong></em>'), i.e. growing light conditions and light saturating conditions. Light response curves were taken on different days. Common fluorescence parameters (e.g., <em><strong>Fv/Fm, Fo, Fm, NPQ, YNO, YNPQ</strong></em>) are provided together with 'sustained' and reversible' NPQ parameters calculated according Porcar-Castell (2011).</p> <p>Leaf spectroscopy and active steady-state fluorescence measurements were performed on the same measuring days ('<em><strong>d0</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d2</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d4</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d7</strong></em>', '<em><strong>d14</strong></em>') and on the same leaf, both at 300 and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 ('<em><strong>PAR300</strong></em>' and '<em><strong>PAR1000</strong></em>'), taking into account an adaptation time. We used a LED light source and several filters, placed in front of a FluoWat leaf clip, which was connected to two high-performance VIS-NIR spectroradiometers (QEPRO, Ocean Insight Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA). The spectroscopy measurements are presented in the Matlab structures for each measuring day, e.g. "<strong><em>2023_d0_Leaf_Spec_Tomato_Stress.mat</em></strong>".</p> <p>The outputs of the pigment spectral fitting code are presented by Matlab structures, e.g. "<strong><em>2023_d0_Leaf_Fitting_Tomato_Stress.mat</em></strong>", which contains the effective absorbance fitting (<strong><em>A_eff</em></strong>) of each pigment (<strong>Chl a, Chl b, Carotene-b, Anthocyanins, and Xanthophylls</strong>) for the wavelength range [500-780] nm, the absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by Chlorophyll a ('<em><strong>APAR_Chla</strong></em>') for the wavelength range [400-800] nm, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency, calculated as the ratio of the emitted fluorescence photons and the flux of photons absorbed by Chlorophyll a. </p> <p>Additional metadata from HPLC photosynthetic pigment analyses, xanthophyll-related enzyme expression, biomass and total content of elemental nitrogen are provided.</p> <p>Please follow the README files for more detailed information.</p> <p> </p>
Raw data: Diversity in root architecture of durum wheat at stem elongation under drought stress
<p>Raw data on above and below ground traits from a greenhouse drought stress experiment with six durum wheat varieties performed at Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy. Measurements were performed at stem elongation stage; recorded traits: plant shoot length, dry weight, number of leaves and tillers; total root length, root surface area, mean diameter, volume, number of tips, forks, crossings, root dry weight and root angle. Root measurments were performed on the whole root system and the topsoil area (upper 5 cm). </p>
Drought increases microbial allocation to stress tolerance but with few tradeoffs among community-level traits
Climate change will increase soil drying, altering microbial communities via increasing water stress and decreasing resource availability. The responses of these microbial communities to changing environments is likely governed by physiological tradeoffs between high yield, resource acquisition, and stress tolerance (Y-A-S framework). We leveraged a unique field experiment that manipulates both drought and carbon availability across two years and three land uses, and we used both metagenomic and bioassay indicators of the three microbial community traits to test the following hypotheses: 1. Drought increases microbial allocation to stress tolerance functions, at the expense of growth and resource acquisition. 2. Because microbes are resource-limited under drought, increased carbon will enable greater expression of stress tolerance. 3. All three key life history traits described in the YAS framework will trade off, especially when resources are limited. Drought did increase microbial physiological investment in stress tolerance (measured via trehalose production), but we saw few other changes in microbial communities under drought. Carbon addition increased resource acquisition (measured via enzyme activity and resource acquisition gene abundance) and stress tolerance (trehalose assay), but did so in both drought and average rainfall environments. We found no evidence of trait tradeoffs, as we found no significant negative correlations between traits (measured via bioassay and metagenomics). In summary, we found C addition, and to a lesser extent, drought, both altered microbial community function and functional genes. However, resources did not alter drought response in a way that was consistent with theory of life history tradeoffs.
Genetic basis of growth reaction to drought stress differs in contrasting high-latitude treeline ecotones of a widespread conifer
<p>Raw and filtered SNP data and raw tree ring data of the analysed trees. R scripts for SNP filtering, phenotypic data and genotype-phenotype association analysis. </p>
Evolutionary potential under heat and drought stress at the southern range edge of North American Arabidopsis lyrata
<p>The warm edges of species' distributions are vulnerable to global warming. Evidence is the recent range retraction from there found in many species. It is unclear why populations cannot easily adapt to warmer, drier, or combined hot and dry conditions and locally persist. Here, we assessed the ability to adapt to these stressors in the temperate species <em>Arabidopsis lyrata</em>. We grew plants from replicate seed families of a central population with high genetic diversity under a temperature and precipitation regime typical of the low-latitude margin or under hotter and/or drier conditions within naturally occurring amplitudes. We then calculated genetic variance-covariance (G-) matrices of traits depicting growth and allocation as well as selection vectors to compare the predicted adaptation potential under the different climate-stress regimes. We found that the sum of genetic variances and genetic correlations were not significantly different under stress as compared to benign conditions. However, under drought and heat drought, the predicted ability to adapt was severely constrained due to strong selection and selection pointing in a direction with less multivariate genetic variation. The much-reduced ability to adapt to dry and hot-dry conditions is likely to reduce the persistence of populations at the low-latitude margin of the species' distribution and contribute to the local extinction of the species under further warming.</p>
Figure 5 in Hydrogen peroxide is involved in drought stress long-distance signaling controlling early stomatal closure in tomato plants
Figure 5. Growth analysis of shoots and roots of tomato BS II0020 grown under irrigated or drought conditions. (A) fresh weight; (b) dry weight; (c) foliar area; (d) height. Control plants received full irrigation throughout the experiment. The values are the means of each treatment (n= 4), followed by the standard error. The letters over the bars represent the differences in the means between biochemical treatments within each condition, and the asterisks the differences of the same biochemical treatment between the conditions, calculated by Scott-knott test at 5% probability.
Figure 4 in Hydrogen peroxide is involved in drought stress long-distance signaling controlling early stomatal closure in tomato plants
Figure 4. Open stomata (a) and water loss by detached leaves (b) of tomato BS II0020. The values are the means of each treatment (n= 4), followed by the standard error. The letters over the bars represent the differences in the means among biochemical treatments within each condition, and the asterisks the differences of the same biochemical treatment between the conditions, calculated by Scott-knott test at 5% probability.
Figure 1 in Hydrogen peroxide is involved in drought stress long-distance signaling controlling early stomatal closure in tomato plants
Figure 1. Growth analysis of tomato BS II0020 grown in split-root scheme under full or partial irrigation. (a) fresh weight; (b) dry weight; (c) foliar area; (d) height. Control plants received full irrigation throughout the experiment. The values are the means of each treatment (n= 4), followed by the standard error. The letters over the bars represent the differences in the means between biochemical treatments within each condition, and the asterisks the differences of the same biochemical treatment between the conditions, calculated by Scott-knott test at 5% probability.
Figure 7 in Hydrogen peroxide is involved in drought stress long-distance signaling controlling early stomatal closure in tomato plants
Figure 7. Schematic representation of the proposed model for the role of H 2O2 in drought stress responses in tomato plants before and after the decline in shoot turgor. Thus, when there is a mild drought stress, the H O produced by the roots can travel to the shoot 2 2 where it will induce stomatal closure and thus reduce water loss, even before there is a reduction in the leaves water status. On the other hand, when drought stress becomes severe, other signals become part of the drought response complex, such as hormones, pH changes and electrical current, among others. Currently, H O appears to exert a lesser effect on drought signaling. *Several signals, such 2 2 as hormones, chemical elements, reactive nitrogen species, electrical currents, hydraulic signals and pH changes (Christmann et al., 2013; Silva et al., 2015; Karuppanapandian et al., 2017; Huber et al., 2019; Fichman and Mittler, 2020; Mahmood et al., 2020).
Figure 3 in Hydrogen peroxide is involved in drought stress long-distance signaling controlling early stomatal closure in tomato plants
Figure 3. Water relations of tomato BS II0020 grown in split-root scheme under full or partial irrigation. (a) relative water content; (b) total transpiration of plants throughout the evaluation period; (c) transpiration per cm2 of leaf area; (d) water use efficiency. Control plants received full irrigation throughout the experiment. The values are the means of each treatment (n= 4), followed by the standard error. The letters over the bars represent the differences in the means among biochemical treatments within each condition, and the asterisks the differences of the same biochemical treatment between the conditions, calculated by Scott-knott test at 5% probability.
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
<ul> <li>The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species <em>Arnica montana</em> may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought-induced stress on <em>A. montana</em> seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits for the species’ fitness decline.</li> <li>In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated the survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above- and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.</li> <li><em>Arnica montana</em> seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.</li> <li>Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their associations with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number as sensitive traits that can lead to a decline performance.</li> </ul>
Cowpea GWAS drought stress in early vegetative stage
<p>The GWAS outputs for Cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em>) responses to drought stress at early vegetative stress. The cowpea seedlings (miniCore population) were exposed to drought stress at 17 days after germination using the weight of the pot and AAWEsmo device, developed in Julkowska Lab, Boyce Thompson Institute. The seedlings were kept at 60 and 10% of soil water holding capacity for 2 weeks and the data on cowpea shoot size, evapotranspiration and photosystem II efficiency was collected. The data was assembled and curated (https://rpubs.com/mjulkowska/Cowpea2022alltraits), and subsequently used for GWAS. The GWAS data was analyzed, and the most interesting associations were selected (https://rpubs.com/mjulkowska/Cowpea2022Gwas). </p> <p>The raw data was collected by Hayley Sussman, with help of Olga Khmelnitsky, while GWAS was performed by Magdalena Julkowska, using ASReml script developed by Arthur Korte (https://github.com/arthurkorte/GWAS), adapted for cowpea. </p>
Figure 1 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of drought.
Figure 2 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 2. Effects of salinity stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of salinity.
Evolutionary potential under heat and drought stress at the southern range edge of North American Arabidopsis lyrata
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Stress responsiveness in a wild primate predicts survival across an extreme El Niño drought
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
QTL mapping: insights into genomic regions governing component traits of yield under combined heat and drought stress in wheat
<p>The mapping population comprises of 180 RILs developed from a cross between GW322 and KAUZ.</p> <p><strong>Phenotypic data</strong><br>Phenotypic evaluation was conducted across two consecutive crop seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) under late sown irrigation (LSIR) and late sown restricted irrigation (LSRI) conditions at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. Various physiological and agronomic traits of importance were measured. The component traits of yield including days to heading (DH), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), SPAD chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), thousand-grain weight (TGW), grain weight per spike (GWPS), biomass (BM) and grain yield per plot (PY) were measured under heat and combined stress conditions.</p> <p><strong>Genotypic data</strong><br>DNA was isolated from 21-day-old seedlings using the CTAB method (Murray and Thompson, 1980). DNA quality check was done using 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. The Axiom Breeders' array containing 35K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was employed for the genotyping of RILs and parents.</p>
The importance of facilitation on community assembly disappears under severe drought stress
<p>Despite the recognition of positive interactions as an important driver of species coexistence and community structure, the underlying mechanism of how facilitation affects assembly processes along stress gradients is poorly explored. Understanding the responses of functional diversity to benefactor species at the extreme end of the stress gradient could provide valuable insight about facilitation-involved assembly mechanisms and contribute to the predictions of species coexistence under climate change.</p> <p>In the drought-stressed community in the Badain-Jaran Desert, the responses of the local community to the nurse shrub species Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. were evaluated using hierarchical Bayesian models. For the 3-year experiment, summer rainfall in each year formed a natural gradient of drought stress. To evaluate the shrub's effects on the assembly process along that gradient, individual samples were collected in pairwise under-shrub and open habitats, and four traits related to stress tolerance and resource acquisition were measured simultaneously.</p> <p>Under moderate drought stress, we observed shifting community-weighted means, broadening ranges and reducing overlaps of functional traits under shrubs. These effects were partly driven by a distinct microenvironment created by shrub plants, in particular the improvement and heterogeneity of soil moisture conditions. However, this influence on trait distributions was strongly dependent on the environmental context, and generally disappeared as drought stress shifted toward its driest end, almost in line with the decreased positive interaction assessed by plant density and species diversity.</p> <p>This study focused on water-limited community that lies at the driest end of drought gradient and confirmed that facilitation can drive the assembly process through both environmental filtering and niche differentiation. More importantly, these assembly mechanisms are proven to become less efficient under extreme drought stress, which may suggest the occasionally disappearing role of benefactor plants on community assembly and an increasing risk of biodiversity loss in the context of climate change.</p>
Dataset for: Identification of genomic regions of wheat associated with grain Fe and Zn content under drought and heat stress using genome-wide association study
<p>The study material in the GWAS panel with 282 advanced breeding lines of bread wheat genotypes from IARI stress breeding program was selected to map the genomic regions responsible for grain iron and Zinc content under drought and heat stress treatments.</p> <p>Phenotypic data:</p> <p>The GWAS panel was evaluated at IARI, New Delhi - DL (28.6550° N, 77.1888° E, MSL 228.61 m) under Irrigated (IR), Restricted Irrigated (RI) and Late sown (LS) treatment conditions with augmented RCBD design. Data was collected on Grain Iron and Grain zinc content along with thousand-grain weight. Around 20 g of grain sample from each of 282 genotypes from the GWAS panel under all three conditions were used for phenotyping GFeC and GZnC through high-throughput Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) machine (model X-Supreme 8000; Oxford Instruments plc, Abingdon, United Kingdom) calibrated with glass beads-based values. To record TGW, manual counting of grains was followed and the weight of the grains was recorded in grams with an electronic balance.</p> <p>Genotypic data:</p> <p>Genomic DNA of the GWAS panel was extracted from the leaves of seedlings by Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. The panel was genotyped using Axiom Wheat Breeder's Genotyping Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, United States) having 35,143 genome-wide SNPs. The monomorphic, markers with minor allele frequency (MAF) of <5%, missing data of >20%, and heterozygote frequency >25% were removed from the analysis. The remaining set of 10546 high-quality SNPs was used in GWAS analysis.</p>
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