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104 results for “Earth System Modeling”
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (SAI_2016_2020)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change.</p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling
<p><strong>Summary</strong>: Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change.</p> <p><br><strong>Format</strong>: NetCDF.<br><strong>Institution</strong>: Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory<br><strong>Contacts</strong>: Lingcheng Li (lingcheng.li@pnnl.gov; lingchengliwhu@gmail.com), Gautam Bisht (gautam.bisht@pnnl.gov)</p> <p><strong>Description</strong>: This dataset provides land surface parameters specifically designed for global kilometer scale earth system modeling.<br><strong>Spatial resolution</strong>: ~1 km, corresponding to 1/120 degree.<br><strong>Temporal resolution</strong>: includes yearly (2001-2020), monthly (2001-2020), and static data for different parameters.</p> <p><br><strong>Reference</strong>: <strong>Li, L., Bisht, G., Hao, D., and Leung, L.-Y. R.: Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-242, Acceptance, 2023.</strong></p> <p>It includes four categories of parameters, Please refer to the readme file for details:<br>1. LULC: land use and land cover parameters<br>2. VEGE: vegetation paramertes<br>3. SOIL: soil parameters<br>4. TOPO: topography parameters</p> <p>Due to storage limitations, the LAI and SAI files are stored in the following repositories:</p> <p>1) LAI 2001-2005: <a href="../records/10815637" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815637</a>; 2) LAI 2006-2010: <a href="../records/10815649" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815649</a>; 3) LAI 2011-2015: <a href="../records/10815658" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815658</a>; 4) LAI 2016-2020: <a href="../records/10815662" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815662</a>;</p> <p>5) SAI 2001-2005: <a href="../records/10815623" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815623</a>; 6) SAI 2006-2010: <a href="../records/10815629" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815629</a>; 7) SAI 2011-2015: <a href="../records/10790724" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10790724</a>; 8) SAI 2016-2020: <a href="../records/10790758" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10790758</a></p>
Brazilian Earth System Model: CMIP5 Sea ice concentration and Air Temperature data
<p>The Brazilian Earth System Model, Version 2.5 (BESM-OAV2.5) used here is a global climate coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model, and is part of CMIP5 project. The atmospheric component of BESM-OAV2.5 is BAM (Brazilian Atmospheric Model) and was described in detail by Figueroa et al., (2016). BAM, developed at Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies of the National Institute for Space Research CPTEC-INPE has been constantly reformulated over the last years (Figueroa et al., 2016; Nobre et al., 2013). The lastest version, used here and described by Veiga et al., (2019), has spectral horizontal representation truncated at triangular wave number 62, grid resolution of approximately 1.875∘×1.875∘, and 28 sigma levels in the vertical, with unequal increments between the vertical levels (i.e., a T62L28). The oceanic component of BESM-OAV2.5 is the Modular Ocean Model, Version 4p1, from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (MOM4p1/NOAA-GFDL), described in detail by Griffies, (2009). The MOM4p1 includes a Sea Ice Simulator (SIS) built-in ice model (Winton 2000). The SIS has five ice thickness categories and three vertical layers (one snow and two ice). To calculate ice internal stresses are used the elastic-viscous-plastic technique described by Hunke and Dukowicz, (1997). The thermodynamics is given by a modified Semtner’s three-layer scheme (Semtner, 1976). SIS is able to calculate sea ice concentration, snow cover, thickness, brine content and temperature. Furthermore, SIS calculates ice-ocean fluxes and transmits fluxes between atmosphere and ocean. The horizontal grid resolution of MOM4p1 in the longitudinal direction is a set to 1˚. The latitudinal direction varies uniformly, in both hemispheres, from 1∕4<sup>o </sup>between 10<sup>o</sup> S and 10<sup>o </sup>N to 1<sup>o </sup>of resolution at 45<sup>o</sup> and to 2<sup>o</sup> of resolution at 90<sup>o</sup>. The vertical axis has 50 levels (upper 220m, has 10 m resolution, increasing to about 360 at deeper levels. The MOM4p1 and BAM models were coupled using FMS coupler. FMS coupled was developed by NOAA-GFDL. The BAM model receives SST and ocean albedo from MOM4p1 and SIS (hour by hour). The MOM4p1 receives momentum fluxes, specific humidity, pressure, heat fluxes, vertical diffusion of velocity components and freshwater. </p> <p>This study used two numerical experiments from CMIP5: (i) piControl: it runs for 700 years, forced by invariant pre-industrial atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration level (280ppmv) and (ii) Abrupt 4xCO<sub>2</sub>: it runs for 460 years, comprising an abrupt instantaneous quadrupling of atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>level concentration from the piControl simulation. The design of both experiments follows the CMIP5 protocol (Taylor et al., 2012).</p> <p> </p>
Sunburned plankton: Ultraviolet radiation inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the Community Earth System Model version 2
<p>Climate model output for paper describing CESM2-UVphyto.</p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (SAI_2001_2005)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (SAI_2006_2010)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change.</p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Data for publication "Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE - 1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model".
<p>Here, the data used in Kim, W. M., Blender, R., Sigl, M., Messmer, M., & Raible, C. C. (2021). "Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model" in <em>Climate of the Past </em>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-61">https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-6</a>) are provided.</p> <p>Two simulations covering the period 1501 BCE - 2008 CE are performed with CESM 1.2.2: the orbital-only and the full-forcing simulations. The full-forcing transient simulation includes the new long record of volcanic eruptions (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928646">https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928646</a>) that covers the last 3500 years. The output from the simulations is used to examine the long-term variability and characteristics of daily extreme precipitation during 1501BCE-1849 CE.</p> <p>The following files are provided:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>CESM122.transient.PRECT.anom.above99th.1501BCE-1849CE_I and II</strong>: Daily precipitation anomalies above the 99th percentiles relative to 1501BCE-1849CE from the full forcing simulation. The file is split into two parts, with the first file containing the first 50% of extremes (I) and the second file containing the rest 50% (II).</li> <li><strong>CESM122.orbital.PRECT.anom.above99th.1501BCE-1849CE I and II:</strong> Daily precipitation anomalies above the 99th percentiles relative to 1501BCE-1849CE from the orbital-only simulation.</li> <li> <strong>CESM122.transient.variables.mon.1979-2008CE:</strong> monthly precipitation, temperature, and geopotential height at 500 hPa for 1979-2008CE from the full-forcing simulation.</li> <li><strong>CESM122.trans.variable_names.years:</strong> Monthly variables from the full-forcing simulation. The simulation starts from the model year 1, which corresponds to the actual year 1501BCE. The variables are solar insolation (SOLIN), clear-sky net surface shortwave radiation (FSNSC), geopotential height at 500hPa (Z500), and surface temperature (TS).</li> <li><strong>CESM122.orbital.variable_names.years:</strong> Monthly variables from the orbital-only simulation. The simulation starts from the model year 1, which corresponds to the actual year 1501BCE.</li> <li><strong>CESM122.*.log-likelihood-GPDmodel-ExtForcing</strong>: Negative log-likelihood for the stationary and non-stationary Generalized Pareto Distribution models for external forcings.</li> <li> <strong>CESM122.*.log-likelihood-GPDmodel-ModesVar</strong>: Negative log-likelihood for the stationary and non-stationary Generalized Pareto Distribution models for modes of variability.</li> <li><strong>Evolk_EVA_distribution_1501BCE-2015CE</strong>: Distribution of volcanic aerosol for CAM5, produced based on Kim et al. (2021).</li> </ul> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite:</p> <p><em>Kim, W. M., Blender, R., Sigl, M., Messmer, M., & Raible, C. C. (2021). Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model. Climate of the Past Discussions, 1-38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-61">https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-61</a></em></p>
Radiocarbon in the land and ocean components of the Community Earth System Model: data to prepare figures
<p>The files contain the data to plot the graphics displayed in the publication by Frischknecht, T., Ekici, A., Joos, F. Radiocarbon in the land and ocean components of the Community Earth System Model, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2022, in press.</p>
Global Environmental and Weather data for PyPSA-Earth: An Open Optimisation Model of the Earth Energy System.
<p><strong>PyPSA-Earth </strong>is an open model dataset of the global power system at different network levels that cover our Earth. The African model can be built using the code provided at <a href="https://github.com/pypsa-meets-africa/pypsa-africa">https://github.com/pypsa-meets-africa/pypsa-africa</a>. Other regions follow soon under the same code base.</p> <p>Since the GitHub codebase is not suited for handling large changing files, we provide here separate <strong>data bundles and cutouts</strong> to be downloaded and extracted as noted in the <a href="https://pypsa-meets-africa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html">documentation</a></p> <p>The below-provided <strong>cutouts </strong>are spatiotemporal subsets of the Earth weather data from the <a href="https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/CKB/ERA5+data+documentation">ECMWF ERA5</a> reanalysis dataset and the <a href="https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V002">CMSAF SARAH-2</a> solar surface radiation dataset for the <strong>year 2013</strong>. They have been prepared by and are for use with the <a href="https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite">atlite</a> tool (<a href="https://atlite.readthedocs.io/">https://atlite.readthedocs.io/</a>). They can be reproduced or extended for other weather years (approx. 40-50 years) around the world by using the <a href="https://github.com/pypsa-meets-africa/pypsa-africa/blob/main/scripts/build_cutout.py">build.cutout.py</a></p> <p><strong>ECMWF ERA5</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Source: </strong><a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview</a></li> <li><strong>Terms of Use: </strong><a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/v2/terms/static/20180314_Copernicus_License_V1.1.pdf">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/v2/terms/static/20180314_Copernicus_License_V1.1.pdf</a></li> </ul>
Model codes and simulation data for "Modeling demographic-driven vegetation dynamics and ecosystem biogeochemical cycling in NASA GISS's Earth system model (ModelE-BiomeE v.1.0)"
<p>ModelE-BiomeE v1.0 model codes and data This folder contains the simulation data and model codes that were used in the paper ‘Modeling demographic-driven vegetation dynamics and ecosystem biogeochemical cycling in NASA GISS’s Earth system model (ModelE-BiomeE v.1.0)’ (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-72). We included the data simulated by ModelE-BiomeE v.1.0 with settings of full demography (folder FullDemography) and single cohort (folder SingleCohort), and initial settings of land grids and vegetation data (folder GlobalVegetation). The codes include the full ModelE 2.1, module BiomeE files in ModelE, and the standalone BiomeE. In the folder FullDemography, we have 4 netcdf files for global output and 25 files for single grids output. The files ‘FullDM_2588_JAN.nc’ and ‘FullDM_2588_JUL.nc’ are the original model output of January and July in the year 2588. The file ‘FullDM_2588_Annual.nc’ is the yearly summary of model simulations. The file ‘FullDM_Selected.nc’ is an annual summary of 588 years of model simulation only with selected variables. The csv files are for single grids output at the time steps of daily and yearly. The last digit 1~8 represents the sites of 'BNC','MNT','HF','OKR','KZ','SV','WGK','TPJ', respectively (Table 1). Table 1 Site ID and file number ['BNC', 'MNT', 'HF', 'OKR', 'KZ', 'SV', 'WGK', 'TPJ'] ['8991', '8992', '8993', '8994', '8995', '8996', '8997', '8998'] ['8971', '8972', '8973', '8974', '8975', '8976', '8977', '8978'] ['8961', '8962', '8963', '8974', '8965', '8966', '8977', '8968'] Please refer to Table 2 in the paper for the detail of these 8 sites. ‘DailyLAIGPP.csv’ is a summary of all ‘DailyEcosystem’ files with LAI and GPP data. We included the Python scripts that can be used to generate the figures in out paper (Plotting-BiomeE-MsTMIP.py, Plotting-Scatter-Comparison.py, PlottingBiomeEMaps.py, and PlottingGridOutput.py). For the convenience of readers (in reproducing our figures), we included the summary of reanalysis of the data from observations and MsTMIP in folder ‘Sum-Obs-Simu’. Please refer to the original sources listed in our paper for the detail of these data.</p>
Data and code for gmd-2023-113 "Parameter estimation for ocean background vertical diffusivity coefficients in the Community Earth System Model (v1.2.1) and its impact on ENSO forecast"
<p>Data and code for the paper "Parameter estimation for ocean background vertical diffusivity coefficients in the Community Earth System Model (v1.2.1) and its impact on ENSO forecast"</p> <p>includes: </p> <p>The model is Community Earth System Model (v1.2.1) (provided by www.cesm.ucar.edu)</p> <p>Data assimilation code is initially provided by Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) (https://dart.ucar.edu/), some modifications are made to enable parameter estimation function of ocean background vertical diffusivity coefficients. And the programs and scripts for deal with OISST and EN4 profiles are also developed.</p> <p>The parameter sensitivity experiment results are saved as <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/sensitive2008-2012.nc">sensitive2008-2012.nc</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/sensitive2008-2012salt.nc">sensitive2008-2012salt.nc</a> for temperature and salinity, respectively. And the python script to draw the results is </p> <p>The state estimation results are provided as <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/Temp_05-17.nc">Temp_05-17.nc</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/Temp_05-17.nc">Salt_05-17.nc</a> for temperature and salinity, respectively.</p> <p>The parameter estimation results are provided as <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/PE_Temp_05-17.nc">PE_Temp_05-17.nc</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/PE_Temp_05-17.nc">PE_Salt_05-17.nc</a> for temperature and salinity, respectively.</p> <p>the estimated paremeter ensemble is saved in <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/parameters.nc">parameters.nc</a></p> <p>the python script for comparing the SE and PE results is <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/plot_analysis.py">plot_analysis.py</a></p> <p>the nino3.4 indices computed by the forecast experiment is saved in <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/6e5b4bfa-61cf-44bc-8e15-e62fab467ea6/fcst_correlation.nc">fcst_correlation.nc</a></p> <p> </p>
The coupled ice sheet-Earth system model Bern3D v3.0: Model output
<p>This dataset contains model output of climate and ice sheet variables for the simulations performed in the study:</p> <p>Pöppelmeier, F., Joos, F., Stocker, T. F. (2023). The coupled ice sheet-Earth system model Bern3D v3.0. Journal of Climate.</p> <p>2D and 3D output variables are available for the preindustrial (PI) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) control simulations. Timeseries output is provided for CO<sub>2</sub> experiments for which CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were increased to 2 and 4 times PI concentrations with rates of 0.5, 1, and 2% per year. Timeseries output is also provided for the simulation of the entire last glacial cycle in the standard setup and with logarithmically scaled dust for the aerosol radiative forcing. More details are provided in the above mentioned manuscript.</p>
Bern3D model output data from idealized co2 increase-decrease simulations to investigate reversibility in the Earth system
<p>The data described below is output from the Bern3D intermediate complexity model and idealized CO2 increase-decrease simulations to investigate reversibilty and hysteresis for different maximum co2 forcings.</p> <p><br> The data are provided as .csv and .nc files<br> The first row in the .csv files contains the header, which describes the variable. The naming convention is as follows:</p> <p>c#k#_VARIABLE</p> <p>c# indicates the maximum co2 as times pre-industrial (c2 to c5)<br> k# indicates the equilibrium climate sensitivity of the respective simulation in degrees C (k2 to k5)<br> and VARIABLE indicates the value of the respective variable, which are:<br> co2: change in atmospheric co2 concentration in [ppm]<br> amoc: change in maximum of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in [Sv]<br> ohc: change in ocean heat content in [10^24 J]<br> seaice: sea-ice area remaining as fraction of the pre-industrial cover<br> Om_arag: fraction of water with Omega_arag > 3 in the upper 175 m<br> o2_thermo: change in thermocline (200-600 m) oxygen concentration in [mmol m^-3]<br> for each variable a separate file exists where the variable and co2 are provided.</p> <p><br> Spatial data to create the maps of hysteresis on a grid-cell basis are provided for the two scenarios as .nc files. The naming is as follows:</p> <p>c#k#_hyst_o2thermo.nc</p> <p>where c# corresponds again to maximum co2 as times pre-industrial and k# to the equilibrium climate sensitivity. The .nc files contain the coordinate (latitude, longitude) centers (lat_t, lon_t) and edges (lat_u, lon_u) as well as the hysteresis area (hystA_o2thermo) in [mmol m^-3].</p> <p><br> The files can be readily importet in python, for example, by:<br> import pandas as pd<br> import xarray as xr<br> <br> # for the .csv files<br> df = pd.read_csv('path+filename', sep=',', header=0, index_col=None)<br> <br> # for the .nc files<br> ds = xr.open_dataset('path+filename')</p> <p><br> For additional information or in case of questions please contact:<br> Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes<br> aurich.jeltsch-thoemmes@unibe.ch</p>
Bern3D model output related to: Hysteresis of the Earth system under positive and negative CO2 emissions
<p>The data below is output from the Bern3D intermediate complexity model and idealized CO2 increase-decrease simulations used in Jeltsch-Thömmes et al., Environ. Res. Lett. 15 (2020) 124026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc4af</p> <p><br> The data are provided as .csv and .nc files<br> There are different types of data</p> <p><br> 1) TIMESERIES DATA (Fig. 1 and 2)<br> =================================<br> The name of the files indicates the variable:<br> co2_ts.csv change in atm. co2 [ppm]<br> cumulativeEmissions_ts.csv cumulative emissions [GtC]<br> cumulativeAOflux_ts.csv cumulative atm-ocean C flux [GtC]<br> cumulativeABflux_ts.csv cumulative atm-land C flux [GtC]<br> sat_ts.csv change in surface air temperature [degC]<br> ohc_ts.csv change in ocean heat content [10^24 J]<br> amoc_ts.csv change in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation strength [Sv]<br> seaice_ts.csv fraction of pre-industrial sea-ice area remaining [fraction of PI]<br> <br> The first row in the .csv files contains the header, which indicates the experiment. The naming convention is as follows:<br> c4k#_###</p> <p>c4 indicates the maximum co2 as times pre-industrial (4 times)<br> k# indicates the equilibrium climate sensitivity of the respective simulation in degrees C (k2 to k5)<br> ### indicates the rate of CDR:<br> 010: 0.1% yr^-1<br> 010: 0.3% yr^-1<br> 010: 0.5% yr^-1<br> 010: 0.7% yr^-1<br> 100: 1% yr^-1<br> 200: 2% yr^-1<br> 400: 4% yr^-1<br> 600: 6% yr^-1</p> <p><br> 2) HYSTERESIS DATA (Fig. 3)<br> ===========================<br> The name of the files indicates the variables:<br> cumulativeEmissions_sat.csv cumulative emissions and change in surface air temperature [degC]<br> cumulativeEmissions_OHCsurf.csv cumulative emissions and change in upper ocean heat content (0-700 m) [10^24 J]<br> cumulativeEmissions_o2thermo.csv cumulative emissions and change in thermocline (200-600 m) o2 [mmol m^-3]<br> cumulativeEmissions_OM_arag.csv cumulative emissions and fraction of water in the uppermost 175 m with omegar_aragonite saturation state >3 [fraction]</p> <p>each file contains the time (simulation year) as well as cumulative emissions (cumuEmis) and the respective variable (same naming as in filename) for all the experiments (see timeseries data for naming convention)</p> <p><br> 3) SPATIAL DATA (Fig. 4 and 5)<br> ==============================<br> All data for Fig. 4 and 5 are contained in one single .nc file (fig4_5_data.nc) with a varibale for each map shown in Fig. 4 and 5:<br> c4k2_100_sat hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in surface air temperature at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=2 degC, in [degC]<br> c4k3_100_sat hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in surface air temperature at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=3 degC, in [degC]<br> c4k5_100_sat hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in surface air temperature at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=5 degC, in [degC]<br> <br> c4k2_100_o2thermo hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in thermocline (200-600 m) o2 at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=2 degC, in [mmol m^-3]<br> c4k3_100_o2thermo hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in thermocline (200-600 m) o2 at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=3 degC, in [mmol m^-3]<br> c4k5_100_o2thermo hysteresis (down-path minus up-path) in thermocline (200-600 m) o2 at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC, ECS=5 degC, in [mmol m^-3]<br> <br> c4k3_100_Om_arag_up mean aragonite saturation state of the uppermost 175 m at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC on the up-path, ECS=3 degC, [unitless]<br> c4k3_100_Om_arag_do mean aragonite saturation state of the uppermost 175 m at cumulative emissions of 1000 GtC on the down-path, ECS=3 degC, [unitless]</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><br> The files can be readily importet in python, for example, by:<br> import pandas as pd<br> import xarray as xr<br> <br> # for the .csv files<br> df = pd.read_csv('path+filename', sep=',', header=0, index_col=None)<br> <br> # for the .nc files<br> ds = xr.open_dataset('path+filename')</p> <p><br> For additional information or in case of questions please contact:<br> Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes<br> aurich.jeltsch-thoemmes@unibe.ch</p>
Data for: Implementing detailed nucleation predictions in the Earth system model EC-Earth3.3.4: sulfuric acid-ammonia nucleation
<p>Model dataset variables produced from the IFS and TM5 modules in EC-Earth3 version 3.3.4. which contains the control case and three experiments with the NPF lookup table. This paper is published at EGUshpere by journal: Geoscientific Model Development.</p> <p>The files contain:</p> <p>Compressed tar file of NetCDF data from IFS output for all four simulations. All IFS data have been averaged to monthly means from 6-hourly grib datasets. The post-process bash script which contains the function for the CDN and cloud effective radius weighted average towards cloud_time is found in the supplemented zendo link.</p> <p>NetCDF files from TM5 general output for each simulation. </p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2006_2010)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2011_2015)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2016_2020)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2001_2005)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Dataset and scripts for manuscript "Using Neural Network Ensembles to Separate Ocean Biogeochemical and Physical Drivers of Phytoplankton Biogeography in Earth System Models"
<p>Please note: The title of this version contains an updated title for the manuscript compared to the previous version of this dataset. This is only due to title updates during the peer review process for the manuscript.</p> <p>The zip file contains the scripts, functions, and source files for the manuscript titled "Using Neural Network Ensembles to Separate Ocean Biogeochemical and Physical Drivers of Phytoplankton Biogeography in Earth System Models." The manuscript has been submitted for peer review.</p> <p>Please consult the README file for information on the specifications of the files.</p> <p>These files may occasionally be updated to add annotations to the scripts to make them more user friendly and to correct any errors.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.