Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Data for Marine Ecological Niche Models, for 2019 and across RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios in 2050 and 2100: Global-scale Environmental parameters at 0.1° and 0.5° resolutions, Presence and Absence Records of 1508 European-seas Species

Data for Ecological Niche Models: Global-scale Environmental parameters at 0.1° and 0.5° resolutions, Presence and Absence Records of 1508 European-seas Species.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Ecological Niche Models, in 2019 and across RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios in 2050 and 2100, of 1508 European Marine Species, developed with Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, Support Vector Machines, and AquaMaps at 0.5° Resolution

Native ecological niche models of 1508 European species (894 fish and 614 non fish) developed with AquaMaps, Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, and Support Vector Machines, for 2019 and under RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios in 2050 and 2100, at 0.5° spatial resolution.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Biodiversity Index, in 2019 and across RCP 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios in 2050 and 2100 of 1508 European Marine Species based on ensemble Ecological Niche Models developed with Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, Support Vector Machines, and AquaMaps at 0.5° Resolution

Biodiversity Index in 2019 and across RCP 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios in 2050 and 2100 of 1508 European marine species based on ensemble Ecological Niche Models developed with Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, Support Vector Machines, and AquaMaps at 0.5° Resolution. The Index counts the number of species (among the 1508) potentially present in each 0.5° cell according to the ensemble models. For each ensemble model, a threshold of at least 3 models agreeing on species presence in the cell was used to indicate species presence.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Ecological Niche Models of 96 European Marine Species, for 2019, developed with AquaMaps, Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, and Support Vector Machines at 0.1° Resolution

Native ecological niche models of 96 European marine species of particular commercial and conservation interest developed with AquaMaps, Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, and Support Vector Machines, for 2019 at 0.1° spatial resolution.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Ensemble Ecological Niche Models and Biodiversity Index for 2019 of 96 European Marine Species based on Ecological Niche Models developed with Artificial Neural Networks, Maximum Entropy, AquaMaps, and Support Vector Machines at 0.1° Resolution

Ensemble Ecological Niche Models for 2019 of 96 European marine species of particular commercial and conservation interest, based on Ecological Niche Models developed with (i) Artificial Neural Networks, (ii) Maximum Entropy, (iii) Support Vector Machines, and (iv) AquaMaps at 0.1° Resolution. The data report, for each 0.1° cell, how many models (from 0 to 4) overcome a model-specific decision threshold to assess species presence in the cell. A Biodiversity Index is also provided as the count of the number of species (among the 96) potentially present in each 0.1° cell according to the ensemble models. For each ensemble model, a threshold of at least 3 models agreeing on species presence in the cell was used to indicate species presence.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Ecological soil map NICHE Flanders - Ecologische NICHE bodemkaart Vlaanderen

NL ECOLOGISCHE NICHE BODEMKAART VLAANDEREN De NICHE bodemkaart voor Vlaanderen is een ecologisch getinte vereenvoudigde bodemkaart die als input dient voor het ecohydrologisch model NICHE Vlaanderen (<a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/5370206/Callebaut_etal_2007_NicheVlaanderen.pdf">Callebaut et al. 2007</a>).  De bodem speelt een belangrijke rol voor standplaatscondities en het voorkomen van plantengemeenschappen. In NICHE Vlaanderen worden zogenaamde ‘ecologische bodemtypes’ gedefinieerd. De bodemkenmerken worden daarbij vereenvoudigd tot een paar ecologisch relevante kenmerken: de korrelgrootte en de aanwezigheid van organische stof, die bepalend zijn voor de vochtcondities, zuurgraad en het trofieniveau in de bodem. De NICHE bodemkaart onderscheidt 12 klassen: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Cijfercode</td> <td>Lettercode</td> <td>Omschrijving</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>K1</td> <td>alluviale kleigronden, arm aan organisch materiaal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>KV</td> <td>alluviale kleigronden, rijk aan organisch materiaal, venige klei, klei op veen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Le</td> <td>eolische leemgronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>MK</td> <td>maritieme klei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>P</td> <td>trilveen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>V</td> <td>veen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Z1</td> <td>humusarme zandgronden (dunne humuslaag), podzol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Z2</td> <td>humusrijke zandgronden (dikke humuslaag)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>ZV</td> <td>venige zandgronden, moerige zandgronden, zandige veengronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>L1</td> <td>alluviale leemgronden, arm aan organisch materiaal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>LV</td> <td>alluviale leemgronden, rijk aan organisch materiaal, venige leemgronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td> </td> <td>gronden die niet in aanmerking komen voor NICHE Vlaanderen:</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>NG</td> <td>niet gespecifieerd</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>B</td> <td>bebouwde of sterk beïnvloede gronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>D</td> <td>droge gronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>W</td> <td>open water</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> De NICHE bodemkaart is afgeleid van de digitale bodemkaart van Vlaanderen (Digitale versie van de Bodemkaart van Vlaanderen, uitgave 20/06/2017, Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen). De stappen om een eenheid van de bodemkaart van Vlaanderen in een NICHE bodemtype om te zetten worden in detail beschreven in het NICHE rapport (Callebaut et al. 2007: hoofdstuk 3 pp 32-45 en bijlage 3.3). Als er terreingegevens beschikbaar zijn, kan er afgeweken worden van deze (NICHE) bodemkaart: hoofdstuk 3.4 van het NICHE rapport (Callebaut et al. 2007) licht toe hoe een NICHE bodemtype toegekend kan worden aan een bodemprofiel op basis van de textuur, de dikte en de opeenvolging van de verschillende horizonten. Formaat Vectoriële geografische informatie ter beschikking gesteld als: <ul> <li>shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) met projectiebeschrijving (.prj),  ruimtelijke indexen (.sbn, . sbx), geospatial metadata in XML formaat (.shp.xml) en stijlen (ArcView Layer Format .lyr, Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> <li>geopackage (.gpkg) met stijlen (Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> </ul> Geografische referentiesysteem: Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72 (<a href="https://epsg.io/31370">EPSG-code 31370</a>) Hoogtereferentiesysteem: Tweede Algemene Waterpassing (<a href="https://www.ngi.be/website/tweede-algemene-waterpassing/">TAW</a>) Attributen <ul> <li>fid- Id NICHE bodemkaart (geopackage)</li> <li>gid- Id digitale bodemkaart 2017</li> <li>Bodemtype- Bodemkaarteenheden volgens het Belgische bodemclassificatiesysteem (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Bodemser_c- Bodemserie bestaande uit 3 letters die staan voor textuur, drainage en profiel (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Bodemserie - Bodemserie: beschrijving voor textuur, drainage en profiel (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Unitype - Bodemkaarteenheden met zeepolders omgezet naar de bodemclassificatie van de rest van Vlaanderen (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Grove_leg - Gegeneraliseerde legende van de bodemkaart (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Substr_V_c - Substraten waarvan de lithologische aard verschilt van die van de oppervlakkige laag (lithologische discontinuiteit) (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Textuur_c - Grondsoort, aard van het moedermateriaal (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Drainage_c - Natuurlijke draineringsklasse, natuurlijke drainage (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Profontw_c - Profielontwikkeling (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Fase_c - Secundaire bodemkenmerken (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Varimoma_c - Variant van het moedermateriaal (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Variprof_c - Variant van de profielontwikkeling (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Streek - Landbouwstreek (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>NICHE_let - Lettercode van het NICHE bodemtype</li> <li>NICHE_cijf - Cijfercode van het NICHE bodemtype</li> </ul> Wijzigingen sinds vorige versie Sinds vorige versie (1.1): <ul> <li>NICHE bodemkaart niet meer gebaseerd op versie 2001 van de bodemkaart, maar op versie 20/06/2017 incl. een update met enkele militaire domeinen (Beverlo, Kleine Brogel, Brasschaat) en met een unibodemtype voor de classificatie van de zeepolders, alsook een verbetering van verschillende fouten.</li> <li>namen van de velden veranderd</li> <li>cijfercode van de NICHE bodemtypes aangepast (2 t.e.m. 15 i.p.v. 20 000 t.e.m. 150 000)</li> <li>enkele verbeteringen van de vertaling tussen bodemtypes en NICHE bodemtypes: <ul> <li>sV, sV(o): ZV (i.p.v. V in v1.1)</li> <li>uvPep: LV (i.p.v. L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>GDa3x: LV (i.p.v. L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>v-Zdpb(z): Z1 (i.p.v. ZV in v1.1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Disclaimer Deze kaart geeft de best beschikbare informatie maar is een vereenvoudiging van de werkelijkheid op terrein. Ten allen tijde geldt de reële situatie op terrein voor toepassing t.b.v. het beleidsmatig en wettelijk kader. EN ECOLOGICAL SOIL MAP NICHE FLANDERS The NICHE soil map for Flanders is an ecologically tinted simplified soil map that serves as input for the ecohydrological model NICHE Flanders (<a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/5370206/Callebaut_etal_2007_NicheVlaanderen.pdf">Callebaut et al. 2007</a>). Soil plays an important role for habitat conditions and the occurrence of plant communities. In NICHE Flanders, so-called 'ecological soil types' are defined. The soil characteristics are thereby simplified to a few ecologically relevant characteristics: the grain size and the presence of organic matter, which determine the moisture conditions, acidity and the trophy level in the soil. The NICHE soil map distinguishes 12 classes: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Numerical code</td> <td>Letter code</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>K1</td> <td>alluvial clay soils, poor in organic matter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>KV</td> <td>alluvial clay soils, rich in organic matter, peaty clay, clay on peat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Le</td> <td>aeolian loamy soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>MK</td> <td>maritime clay</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>P</td> <td>quaking bog</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>V</td> <td>peat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Z1</td> <td>humus-poor sandy soils (thin humus layer), podzol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Z2</td> <td>humus-rich sandy soils (thick humus layer)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>ZV</td> <td>peaty sandy soils, swampy sandy soils, sandy peat soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>L1</td> <td>alluvial loamy soils, poor in organic matter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>LV</td> <td>alluvial loamy soils, rich in organic matter, peaty loams</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td> </td> <td>grounds that do not qualify for NICHE Flanders:</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>NG</td> <td>not specified</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>B</td> <td>built-up or heavily influenced soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>D</td> <td>dry soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>W</td> <td>open water</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The NICHE soil map is derived from the digital soil map of Flanders (Digital version of the Soil map of Flanders, published on 20/06/2017, Database of the Subsoil in Flanders/Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen). The steps to convert a unit of the soil map of Flanders into a NICHE soil type are described in detail in the NICHE report (Callebaut et al. 2007: chapter 3 pp 32-45 and appendix 3.3). If field data is available, it is possible to deviate from this (NICHE) soil map: chapter 3.4 of the NICHE report (Callebaut et al. 2007) explains how a NICHE soil type can be assigned to an observed soil profile based on the texture, the thickness and the succession of the different horizons. Format Vectorial geographic information provided as: <ul> <li>shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) with a description of the projection (.prj), spatial indexes (.sbn, .sbx), geospatial metadata in XML format (.shp.xml) and styles (ArcView Layer Format .lyr, Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> <li>geopackage (.gpkg) with styles (Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> </ul> Geographical reference system: Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72 (<a href="https://epsg.io/31370">EPSG code 31370</a>) Elevation Reference System: Second General Leveling (<a href="https://www.ngi.be/website/tweede-algemene-waterpassing/">Tweede Algemene Waterpassing - TAW</a>) Attributes <ul> <li>fid - Id NICHE soil map (geopackage)</li> <li>gid - Id digital soil map 2017</li> <li>Bodemtype - Soil map units according to the Belgian soil classification system (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Bodemser_c - Core soil series: soil series consisting of 3 letters that stand for texture, drainage and profile (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Bodemserie - Core soil series: description for texture, drainage and profile (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Unitype - Soil map units with sea polders converted to the soil classification of the rest of Flanders (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Grove_leg - Generalized legend of the soil map (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Substr_V_c - Substrates whose lithological nature differs from that of the superficial layer (lithological discontinuity) (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Textuur_c - Soil type, nature of the parent material (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Drainage_c - Natural drainage class, natural drainage (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Profontw_c - Profile development (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Fase_c - Secondary soil features (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Varimoma_c - Variant of the parent material (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Variprof_c - Variant of the profile development (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Streek - Agricultural region (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>NICHE_let - Letter code of the NICHE soil type</li> <li>NICHE_cijf - Numerical code of the NICHE soil type</li> </ul> Changes since previous version Since previous version (1.1): <ul> <li>NICHE soil map no longer based on version 2001 of the soil map, but on version 20/06/2017, including an update with some military domains (Beverlo, Kleine Brogel, Brasschaat) and with a uni-soil type for the classification of the sea polders, as well as the correction of various errors.</li> <li>names of the fields changed</li> <li>numerical code of the NICHE soil types changed (2-15 instead of 20 000-150 000)</li> <li>a few improvements to the translation between soil types and NICHE soil types: <ul> <li>sV, sV(o): ZV (instead of V in v1.1)</li> <li>uvPep: LV (instead of L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>GDa3x: LV (instead of L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>v-Zdpb(z): Z1 (instead of ZV in v1.1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Disclaimer This map provides the best available information but is a simplification of the reality on the field. The real situation on the field prevails at all times over the NICHE soil map for all policy and legal applications.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

The ecological niche and distribution of Neanderthals during the Last Interglacial [supplementary materials]]

Supplementary material of the paper: Benito, B.M., Svenning, J.‐C., Kellberg‐Nielsen, T., Riede, F., Gil‐Romera, G., Mailund, T., Kjaergaard, P.C. and Sandel, B.S. (2017), The ecological niche and distribution of Neanderthals during the Last Interglacial. J. Biogeogr., 44: 51-61. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12845">https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12845</a> Files: - average_habitat_suitability.tif: geotif file describing the average habitat suitability (computed from a large ensemble of small models) for Homo neanderthalensis during the last interglacial. - standard deviation.tif: geotif with the standard deviation of the ensemble of small models mentioned above. Large values indicate a low consensus among models, while small values indicate a high consensus among models. - suitability_and_deviation.pdf: plot of the two previous maps blended through "whitening". Colors indicate habitat suitability, while "whitening" indicates higher standard deviation (lack of consensus). - neanderthal_eemian_sites_Appendix_I.xlsx: input dataset used to fit the models.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Data and script: Community size can affect the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity

Updated version of the code. Data files are the same. This is the final version of the code, associated with a manuscript published in Ecology (doi: 10.1002/ecy.3014). A preprint is also available: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515098v1.abstract This is a unique dataset on insect communities sampled identically in a total of 200 streams in climatically highly different regions (100 in Brazil and 100 in Finland). The sampling design included 5 streams (communities) per watershed and provided us replicates of metacommunities (watersheds). Data also include information on in-stream variables (such as current velocity (m/s), depth (cm), stream width (cm), % of sand (0.25-2 mm), gravel (2-16 mm), pebble (16-64 mm), cobble (64-256 mm), and boulder (256-1024 mm), % of canopy cover by riparian vegetation, pH, conductivity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) and catchment level variables (such as average slope, % of native forest cover, pasture, agriculture, planted forests, urban areas, mining, water bodies, bare soil, secondary forest cover, and mixed land uses). In addition to the dataset, here we also provide and R code used to investigate the relationship between beta diversity and community size. This code calculates 4 types of beta-diversity metric for each of 100 watersheds (5 streams) in Brazil and Finland. Beta diversity: Sorensen and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between all pairs. Beta deviation from null models: Raup-Crick (vegan version) and Bray-Curtis beta-deviation (based on the scripts by Chris Catano and Jonathan Myers). These beta diversity metrics are modelled against community size, environmental heterogeneity and spatial extent.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Long time-series ecological niche modelling using archaeological settlement data.

CR_settlement_niche_[N]_[Yr]_[BC/AD].tif Ecological niche models in GeoTIFF format generated with the MaxEnt software based using prehistoric settlement evidence as training data and environmental layers (elevation, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, landscape water balance, soil types) as background data. Raster values represent the probability of presence of a settlement. N - chronological ordering Yr, BC/AD - calendar years BC or AD   CR_settlement_niche_combined.tif All models combined by averaging.   CR_settlement_archeo.zip Archaeological data used to train the MaxEnt models in ESRI SHP format with the following fields: Site_Type: Cemetery or Settlement Archeo_Dat: Archaeological dating (culture or period) Source: Source dataset (AMCR or LONGWOOD) AMCR: Archeologická mapa České republiky – Archaeological Map of the Czech Republic. Retrieved from https://digiarchiv.aiscr.cz/. LONGWOOD: Kolář, J., Tkáč, P., Macek, M., & Szabó, P. (2016).  Archaeology and Historical Ecology: the Archaeological Database of the LONGWOOD ERC Project. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 46/4, 539-554. Yrs_BP_Avg: Average dating in calendar years BP (based on the archaeological dating) Yrs_BP_Unc: Temporal uncertainty of the dating (half of the culture or period's duration) Loc_Accur: Spatial accuracy derived from the recorded degree of the accuracy of location (radius in meters around the center point)

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Spatial dataset for ecological niche and spatial distribution modeling of Herichthys bartoni (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in the Media Luna spring, Mexico

Dataset for the endangered endemic cichlid Herichthys bartoni in the Media Luna spring, Mexico. This data includes occurrences records by species life stage (adult, juvenile and fry), in three field sessions corresponding to the summer period, in the years 1999, 2009 and 2019. For more information about the codes where the previous datasets could be used, visit the following repository with URL: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7603557">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7603557</a>. Likewise, the UC and WDp variables used to run the ecological niche and spatial distribution model, by summer period, can be found in the following repository wirh URL: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7603890">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7603890</a>.

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Ecological niche models for American black bear, Rafinesque's big-eared bat, and timber rattlesnake

This data set contains rasters that are predictive environmental suitability maps for three wildlife species: the American black bear (Ursus americanus), Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), and Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Rasters for each species include: individual prediction maps for each of 5 ENMs (GBM: generalized boosting model, GLM: generalized linear model, MARS: multivariate adaptive regression spline, MX: maximum entropy, and RF: random forest), as well as the ensemble prediction map from all five ecological niche models (ENMs).

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

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Data from: Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift

The Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is native to Southeast Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical distribution of D. suzukii. We performed an extensive literature review to map the current records. In total, 517 documented occurrences (96 native and 421 invasive) were identified spanning 52 countries. Next, we constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence records in: 1) the native range (SDMnative), 2) the invasive range in Europe (SDMEurope) and 3) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The models aimed to investigate, whether this species will be able to occupy additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim). Predictions of habitat suitability vary greatly depending on the origins of occurrence records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were key limiting factors for the distribution of D. suzukii, which suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range. Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe, suggesting that D. suzukii is not occupying its full fundamental niche yet. Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), we show a shift in the ecological niche in D. suzukii populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence and local environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we urge policymakers to initiate appropriate management programs.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 3 in Ecological niche differentiation among Aztec fruit-eating bat subspecies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mesoamerica

Figure 3. Niche overlap values for Schoener's D and Hellinger's I compared to a null distribution: (a) Artibeus a. aztecus (yellow) vs. A. a. minor (blue), (b) A. a. aztecus vs.A. A. major (red), (c) A. a. minor vs. A. a. major.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Ecological niche differentiation among Aztec fruit-eating bat subspecies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Mesoamerica

Figure 2. Maxent predicted potential distribution for (a) Artibeus a. aztecus, (b) A. a. minor, and (c) A. a. major.

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Data from: Fluctuation of ecological niches and geographic range shifts along chile pepper's domestication gradient

Domestication is an ongoing well-described process. However, while many have stud- ied the changes domestication causes in plant genetics, few have explored its impact on the portion of the geographic landscape in which the plants exist. Therefore, the goal of this study was to understand how the process of domestication changed the geographic space suitable for chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) in its center of origin (domestication). C. annuum is a major crop species globally whose center of domes- tication, Mexico, has been well-studied. It provides a unique opportunity to explore the degree to which ranges of different domestication classes diverged and how these ranges might be altered by climate change. To this end, we created ecological niche models for four domestication classes (wild, semiwild, landrace, modern cultivar) based on present climate and future climate scenarios for 2050, 2070, and 2090. Considering present environment, we found substantial overlap in the geographic niches of all the domestication classes. Yet, environmental and geographic aspects of the current ranges did vary among classes. Wild and commercial varieties could grow in desert conditions, while landraces could not. With projections into the future, habitat was lost asymmetrically, with wild, semiwild, and landraces at greater risk of territorial declines than modern cultivars. Further, we identified areas where future suitability overlap between landraces and wilds is expected to be lost. While range expansion is widely associated with domestication, we found little support of a con- stant niche expansion (either in environmental or geographical space) throughout the domestication gradient in chile peppers in Mexico. Instead, particular domestication transitions resulted in loss, followed by capturing or recapturing environmental or geographic space. The differences in environmental characterization among domes- tication gradient classes and their future potential range shifts increase the need for conservation efforts to preserve landraces and semiwild genotypes

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Figs 27–28 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from OLSOUFIEFF (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Figs 43–54 in The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche

Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.