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Data and code from "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" Kaiser et al. 2023 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
This dataset is published in support of "No evidence of sex ratio manipulation by black-throated blue warblers in response to food availability" by Kaiser et al. 2023 in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Data and code to test the assumptions and key predictions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, which proposes that females produce more sons or daughters depending on food availability, in the black-throated blue warbler at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, 2007-2012. Datasets support analyses of sex ratio bias at both the nest and nestling levels. Data tables support the comparison of the ratio of variances in the scaled pre-fledging mass of male and female nestlings using an F test and reproduction of Figures 2a and 2b. Figures are those used in the published manuscript. Code supports the calculation of offspring sex ratio bias at the population level, and considering separately both low- and high-quality habitats, using the Neuhäuser test, statistical models testing the assumptions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, effects of food availability and parental provisioning on offspring sex ratio, and effects of food availability on pre-fledging nestling mass of sons and daughters, and a power analysis to determine the power to detect an effect of food supplementation on sex ratio. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Social networks and transformative behaviors in a grassland social-ecological system
<p>Dataframe for analysis presented in Nesbitt et al.'s <span>Social networks and transformative behaviors in a grassland social-ecological system published in People and Nature. Dataframe includes responses from an ego network survey administered to Nebraska (USA) ranchers in 2021. </span></p> <p><span>Metadata describes each variable in further detail including the question number from the survey.</span></p> <p> </p>
Relyea, R. A. 2001. Morphological and behavioral plasticity of larval anurans in response to different predators. Ecology 82:523-540.
Many organisms can adjust to a changing environment by developing alternative phenotypes that improve their fitness. Our understanding of phenotypic plasticity is largely based upon observations from single species responding to two different environments and measuring a single plastic trait. In this study, I examine predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in tadpoles by observing how six species of larval anurans respond to five different predator environments in 11 different traits (seven morphological traits, two behavioral traits, growth, and development). The results demonstrate that behavioral and morphological plasticity may be ubiquitous in larval anurans. The six prey species exhibited different responses to the same predator species, and each prey exhibited different responses to different predator species. This suggests that responses to a particular predator may not serve as general defense against all predators; rather, prey express predator-specific suites of responses. I also compared relative differences in plasticity among species and among traits. In contrast to earlier findings using only two predator environments, I found that different anurans possess similar degrees of plasticity for most of their traits when reared in a large number of environments. In addition, behavioral traits were always more plastic than morphological traits. Finally, I examined trait integration to address whether there were apparent trade-offs among traits and limits imposed by the abiotic environment. Trait integration, or the degree of correlated responses among traits across predator environments within a prey species, was very low. This further suggests that the suites of responses are predator specific and may be under independent directions of selection in different predator environments. Trait correlations across prey species indicated that there is an apparent trade-off between tail fin depth and body size. This relationship is supported by selection studies with
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF NOCTURNAL MAMMALS OF TAITA HILLS, KENYA
<p>Sound samples from PhD dissertation by Hanna Rosti</p><p>These sound samples include calls of following species</p><p>S1 Paragalago rondoensis, Saadani National Park, Tanzania, recorded by C. Hemp</p><p>S2 Paragalago orinus, Pugu Tanzania, recorded by A. Perkin</p><p>S3 Paragalago cocos, Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S4 Paragalago zanzibaricus zanzibaricus, Zanzibar, Jozani, Tanzania, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S5 Paragalago zanzibaricus udzunwensis, Matundu, recorded by P. Honess</p><p>S6 Paragalago granti, Mdimba, Tanzania, recorded by S. Bearder</p><p>S7 Taita dwarf galago from Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S8 Taita dwarf galago from Ngangao forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S9 Paragalago cocos, Diani Beach Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S10 Taita tree hyrax singing, Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S11 Long 22 min recording of Taita tree hyrax singing, Mbololo forest, Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S12 Rock hyrax song, Israel. Recorded by A. Ilany</p><p>S13 Strangled thwack from Taita Hills, Kenya, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S14 Dendrohyrax arboreus calls from Nanuyki, Kenia, recorded by H. Rosti</p><p>S15 Dendrohyrax dorsalis calls from Ostrava Zoo, Czechia, recorded by H. Rosti</p>
Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
<p>The evolution of behavioral isolation is often the first step towards speciation. While past studies show that behavioral isolation will sometimes evolve as a by-product of divergent ecological selection, we lack a more nuanced understanding of factors that may promote or hamper its evolution. The environment in which mating occurs may be important in mediating whether behavioral isolation evolves for two reasons. Ecological speciation could occur as a direct outcome of different sexual interactions being favored in different mating environments. Alternatively, mating environments may vary in the constraint they impose on traits underlying mating interactions, such that populations evolving in a 'constraining' mating environment would be less likely to evolve behavioral isolation than populations evolving in a less constraining mating environment. In the latter, mating environment is not the direct cause of behavioral isolation but rather permits its evolution only if other drivers are present. We test these ideas with a set of 28 experimental fly populations, each of which evolved under one of two mating environments and one of two larval environments. Counter to the prediction of ecological speciation by mating environment, behavioral isolation was not maximal between populations evolved in different mating environments. Nonetheless, mating environment was an important factor as behavioral isolation evolved among populations from one mating environment but not among populations from the other. Though one mating environment was conducive to the evolution of behavioral isolation, it was not sufficient: assortative mating only evolved between populations adapting to different larval environments within that mating environment, indicating a role for ecological speciation. Intriguingly, the mating environment that promoted behavioral isolation is characterized by less sexual conflict compared to the other mating environment. Our results suggest that mating environments plays a key role in mediating ecological speciation via other axes of divergent selection.</p>
Figures 7–8. Aporus hirsutus prey transport. 7 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 7–8. Aporus hirsutus prey transport. 7) Aporus hirsutus female dragging Aptostichus simus juvenile backwards across sand, grasping end of its right foreleg with her mandibles. Sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 17 June 2015; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 8) Aporus hirsutus female dragging Aptostichus simus juvenile backwards across sand, grasping tibia of its 2nd left leg with her mandibles. The wasp's wings are folded on her dorsum, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 17 June 2015; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figure 10 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figure 10. Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) antenna orbit/socket position (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985, this study).
Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1) Aporus hirsutus resting on sand, digging in sand, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 12 June 2014; A. Abela. The species name "hirsutus" refers to the hairiness of the body. Species identification structures include short antennae and forelegs, quasi-triangular flattened head, elongate pronotum, swollen forefemur and foretibia, thick foretarsal rake spines, and only two submarginal cells in forewing. The concave back of the head, not seen to this degree in other Nearctic Aporus species, fits snugly against the front of the convex pronotum, enabling the wasp to tunnel unobstructed through sand. Photograph © Alice Abela. 2) Aptostichus simus female on sand, Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo County, CA; 8 June 2014; A. Abela. Females lack obvious distinguishing external morphological features, except for sharply delineated patch of endite cuspules on abdominal venter. All Aptostichus species have psammophilous body coloration (Bond 2012). Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figure 9 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figure 9. Aptostichus species California geographic distribution (from Bond 2012) and Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) geographic range (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985; this study).
Figures 5–6. Aporus hirsutus hunting behavior. 5 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 5–6. Aporus hirsutus hunting behavior. 5) Aporus hirsutus female digging into sand, using her mandibles and foretarsal digging rake, apparently searching for host Aptostichus simus, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 12 June 2014; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 6) Aptostichus simus trapdoor being propped open by a twig. Note the flimsy silk and sand consistency of the trapdoor and sides of entrance, Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo, CA; 5 July 2020; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figures 3–4. Aporus hirsutus adult feeding. 3 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 3–4. Aporus hirsutus adult feeding. 3) Aporus hirsutus female taking nectar from flowers of Eriogonum parvifolium, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 6 August 2014; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 4) Aporus hirsutus female with immobilized Aptostichus simus, immature, on sand, Surf Beach at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 28 March 2015; A. Abela. The wasp appressed her mouthparts and basal antennal segments to the paralyzed prey and, apparently, used this individual only for adult feeding. Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figure 11 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figure 11. Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) degree of body hairiness (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985; this study).
Linked collectors and determiners for: New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New Neotropical and Nearctic species of water beetles in the genera Hydraena Kugelann and Ochthebius Leach, a key to North American genera and subgenera of the family, new distribution records, and a synopsis of ecology, behavior and morphology related to aquatic life (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/35ec0e5e-a604-44cc-a20f-67222171030d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/35ec0e5e-a604-44cc-a20f-67222171030d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/35ec0e5e-a604-44cc-a20f-67222171030d">https://gbif.org/dataset/35ec0e5e-a604-44cc-a20f-67222171030d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 6 in A new cave species of Rhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior
Fig. 6. Dorsal view of the neurocranium of R. enfurnada (MZUSP 87779). AF, anterior fontanel; "IS", infraorbital bone series; FR, frontal; L, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; ME, mesethmoid; PF, posterior fontanel; PM, premaxilla; PT, pterotic; SP, sphenotic; SU, supraoccipital. Scale bar 2.5 mm. Drawing: F. D. Passos.
Fig. 7 in A new cave species of Rhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior
Fig. 7. Boxplots showing the proportions of R. enfurnada (a) and Rhamdia cf. quelen (b) found to be significantly different. HW:SL (head width:standard length), MB:SL (maxillary barbel length:standard length), IMB:SL (inner mental barbel length:standard length), IOW:HL (interorbital width:head length), ORB:HL (orbital diameter:head length), DFH:SL (dorsal fin height:standard length), PSL:PFL (pectoral-spine length:pectoral fin length), AFB:SL (anal-fin base length:standard length), AC:SL (anal origin to caudal base:standard length), CPD:CPL (caudal-peduncle depth:caudal peduncle length).
Fig. 5 in A new cave species of Rhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior
Fig. 5. Left pectoral fin spine of R. enfurnada showing the anterior margin with four retrorse dentations (MZUSP 87779). Scale bar, 2.5 mm. Drawing: F. D. Passos.
Fig. 1 in A new cave species of Rhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior
Fig. 1. Rhamdia enfurnada from Gruna do Enfurnado, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil; a, b, holotype, MZUSP 87776, 137.8 mm SL, in lateral and dorsal views, respectively; c, holotype, detail showing the long posterior-cleithral process (PCP). Scale bar, 20 mm. Drawing: F. D. Passos.
Fig. 4 in A new cave species of Rhamdia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from Serra do Ramalho, northeastern Brazil, with notes on ecology and behavior
Fig. 4. Eye size variability of two paratypes of R. enfurnada; a, reduced eyes (32.9 mm HL); b, externally invisible eyes, with a conspicuous orbital concavity (32.1 mm HL); (MZUSP 87777).
Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
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Overcoming the pitfalls of categorizing continuous variables in ecology, evolution, and behavior
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.