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78 results for “Egg laying”
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays.
Fig. 1. Sitta tephronota egg laying phenology for Fig. 3 in Rocky Nests Are Better Nesting Sites Than Woodpecker Cavities For The Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta Tephronota
Fig. 1. Sitta tephronota egg laying phenology for Fig. 3. Sitta tephronota fledglings' phespecific 5-day periods during the breeding sea- nology for specific 5-day periods dur- son (N broods = 27) ing the breeding season (N broods = 21)
Data from: Long-term, not short-term, temperatures predict timing of egg-laying in European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
<p>Temperature is thought to be an important supplemental cue used by female birds to time breeding. It is widely assumed that late spring temperatures, within ~1 month of egg-laying, are most predictive of laying date, consistent with the idea that temperature is used to fine-tune timing of breeding to year-specific local conditions at the time of laying. Here we show that a relatively broad, long-term, temperature window (Jan 2 – Apr 4, 92 days; r2 = 0.73) best predicted timing of egg-laying in European Starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>). A "mid-winter" temperature window was also strongly correlated with laying date (r2 = 0.58) but there was no support for an influence of short-term temperatures immediately before egg-laying. We assessed the relationship between ambient temperature and timing of egg-laying using three complimentary approaches: a) an "unconstrained", exploratory analysis, b) a traditional sliding window approach, and c) specific, biologically-informed temperature windows. Our results contrast markedly with the widely held view, in the avian breeding phenology literature, that immediate, pre-breeding, temperatures best predict short-term variation in laying because they allow birds to fine-tune timing of breeding to local conditions around the time of egg-laying. This means that mechanisms that allow integration of long-term temperature information must exist in birds – perhaps most parsimoniously involving direct effects of temperature on growth of the bird's ectothermic insect prey– even though these are currently poorly characterized.</p>
[Dataset] Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of copro-antigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
<p>Comprehensive data examining the pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion in chicken faeces and the diagnostic accuracy of copro-antigen measurements compared to McMaster egg counts and antibody measurements in laying hens.</p> <p>The dataset consists of observations and measurements obtained from a controlled study involving laying hens infected with mixed <em>Ascaridia galli</em> and<em> Heterakis gallinarum</em>. A total of 179 individual hens were monitored between wpi 2 and 18 and their fecal samples/blood samples were collected at specific time points. Faecel samples were repeatedly collected four(4) consecutive times in one wpi.Hence antigen measurements is 4 X 179 = 716 measurements</p>
Рис. 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii и местообитание виΔа в БеΛаруси. 5 – место обнаружения коΛоний тΛи на Δубе черешчатом Quercus robur; 6 – кΛаΔка яиц поΔ корой (участок коры уΔаΛен); 7 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка, выΔеΛяющая капеΛьку меΔвяной паΔи; 8 – яйцекΛаΔущие самки с тоΛько что отΛоженными яйцами в гΛубокой трещине коры с хоΔами Lasius brunneus (верхний участок коры уΔаΛен). Figs 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii and habitat in Belarus. 5 – habitat of the aphid colonies on Quercus robur; 6 – laying of eggs under oak bark (a section of bark was removed); 7 – apterous viviparous female, producing a drop of honeydew; 8 – oviparous females with newly-laid eggs in a crevice deep in bark and tunnels of Lasius brunneus (the upper section of bark was removed). in Stomaphis wojciechowskii Depa, 2012 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) - a new record of aphids in the fauna of Belarus
Рис. 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii и местообитание виΔа в БеΛаруси. 5 – место обнаружения коΛоний тΛи на Δубе черешчатом Quercus robur; 6 – кΛаΔка яиц поΔ корой (участок коры уΔаΛен); 7 – бескрыΛая живороΔящая самка, выΔеΛяющая капеΛьку меΔвяной паΔи; 8 – яйцекΛаΔущие самки с тоΛько что отΛоженными яйцами в гΛубокой трещине коры с хоΔами Lasius brunneus (верхний участок коры уΔаΛен). Figs 5–8. Stomaphis wojciechowskii and habitat in Belarus. 5 – habitat of the aphid colonies on Quercus robur; 6 – laying of eggs under oak bark (a section of bark was removed); 7 – apterous viviparous female, producing a drop of honeydew; 8 – oviparous females with newly-laid eggs in a crevice deep in bark and tunnels of Lasius brunneus (the upper section of bark was removed).
Social control of egg-laying in independently nest-founding bumble bee queens
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Data from: Long-term, not short-term, temperatures predict timing of egg-laying in European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
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Data from: Geographic differences in the phenology of gonadal development and moult, but not of egg laying, are genetically based in a small songbird
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Data from: Egg laying rather than host quality or host feeding experience drives habitat estimation in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis
<p>In variable environments, sampling information on habitat quality is essential for making adaptive foraging decisions. In insect parasitoids, females foraging for hosts have repeatedly been shown to employ behavioral strategies that are in line with predictions from optimal foraging models. Yet, which cues exactly are employed to sample information on habitat quality, has rarely been investigated. Using the gregarious parasitoid <i>Nasonia vitripennis</i> (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), we provided females with different cues about hosts to elucidate, which of them would change a wasp's posterior behavior suggesting a change in information status. We employed posterior clutch size decisions on a host as proxy for a female's estimation of habitat quality. Taking into account changes in physiological state of the foraging parasitoid, we tested whether different host qualities encountered previously change the subsequent clutch size decision in females. Additionally, we investigated whether other kinds of positive experiences - such as ample time to investigate hosts, host feeding, or egg laying - would increase a wasp's estimated value of habitat quality. Contrary to our expectations, quality differences in previously encountered hosts did not affect clutch size decisions. However, we found that prior egg laying experience changes posterior egg allocation to a host, indicating a change in female information status. Host feeding and the time available for host inspection, though correlated with egg laying experience, did not seem to contribute to this change in information status.</p>
Data from: Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female's social environment in European starlings
<p>It is widely assumed that female birds use non-photic supplemental cues, including social factors, to fine-tune timing of egg-laying to local conditions, but our knowledge of the nature of these social cues and how they operate remains limited. We analyzed the relationship between a female's social environment (nearest neighbor distances, residency, female -and- network familiarity, synchrony) and variation in timing of egg-laying in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) using individual, residual laying date (controlling for annual variation) and temperature-independent residual laying date (accounting for the effect of ambient temperature on laying date). Female social environment varied systematically with overall spatial distribution of nest-boxes (linear vs clumped boxes) but this was not associated with spatial variation in laying date or temperature-independent residual laying date. We found no evidence for any relationships between individual variation in social environment and individual, residual laying date and only weak evidence for any association with individual, temperature-independent residual laying date. The latter was associated with a) nearest neighbor distances in the linear habitat, with females nesting closer to neighbors laying earlier than predicted by temperature, but not in the two clumped habitats, and b) neighbor familiarity: females with an intermediate number of returning females (3/8) laid closest to the predicted date. Finally, despite the fact that synchrony was not associated with other social environment metrics, females with lower laying synchrony among neighbors laid earlier than predicted by temperature. This suggests that some components of the female-female social environment could act as supplemental cues for timing of egg-laying.</p>
Рис. 2. Самка B. pratense за откΛаΑкой яиц Fig. 2. Egg-laying B. pratense female in Brachytron pratense (Müller, 1764) (Odonata: Aeshnidae): a new species in the fauna of Chuvashia
Рис. 2. Самка B. pratense за откΛаΑкой яиц Fig. 2. Egg-laying B. pratense female
Fig. 1 in Effect of temperature and egg laying depths on giant African land snail (Gastropoda: Achatinidae) viability
Fig. 1. Percent mortality of Lissachatina fulica at different temperature extremes.
Fig. 2 in Effect of temperature and egg laying depths on giant African land snail (Gastropoda: Achatinidae) viability
Fig. 2. Percent hatch and emergence of Lissachatina fulica from different soil depths.
Maternity uncertainty in cobreeding beetles: females lay more and larger eggs and provide less care
<p>Cobreeding, which occurs when multiple females breed together, is likely to be associated with uncertainty over maternity of offspring in the joint brood, preventing females from directing resources towards their own offspring. Cobreeding females may respond to such uncertainty by shifting their investment towards the stages of offspring development when they are certain of maternity and away from those stages where uncertainty is greater. Here we examined how uncertainty of maternity influences investment decisions of cobreeding females by comparing cobreeding and single breeding females in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides; a species in which females can breed together on a single carcass but cannot recognise their own offspring. We found that cobreeding females shifted investment towards the egg stage of offspring development by laying more and larger eggs than females breeding alone. Furthermore, cobreeding females reduced their investment to post-hatching care of larvae by spending less time providing care than females breeding alone. We show that females can respond to the presence of a competitor by shifting allocation towards egg laying and away from post-hatching care, thereby directing resources to their own offspring. Our results demonstrate that responses to parentage uncertainty are not restricted to males, but that, unlike males, females respond by shifting their investment to different components of reproduction within a single breeding attempt. Such flexibility may allow individuals to cope with a variety of negative social or physical environments</p>
Poor developmental conditions decrease adult body size and egg size, but not egg laying rate and survival throughout adulthood: A long-term experiment in a precocial bird
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Maternity uncertainty in cobreeding beetles: females lay more and larger eggs and provide less care
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Egg characteristics of female common terns are repeatable, and vary with maternal age and laying order
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Data from: Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female's social environment in European starlings
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Perceived mate availability does not influence variation in egg-laying patterns in the Hawaiian Pacific field cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
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Data from: Weather extremes in the Mediterranean winter are associated with reduced apparent survival and delayed initiation of egg-laying in a migratory raptor
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