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11 results for “Enantiornithes”
MPM-334-1: Fossil basicranium and endocranial volumes and CT-stack (Enantiornithes, Avialae)
<p>Among terrestrial vertebrates, only crown birds (Neornithes) rival mammals in terms of relative brain size and behavioural complexity. Relatedly, the anatomy of the avian central nervous system and associated sensory structures, such as the vestibular system of the inner ear, are highly modified with respect to those of other extant reptile lineages. However, a dearth of three-dimensional Mesozoic fossils has limited our knowledge of the origins of the distinctive endocranial structures of crown birds. Traits such as an expanded, flexed brain, a ventral connection between the brain and spinal column, and a modified vestibular system have been regarded as exclusive to Neornithes. Here, we demonstrate all of these 'advanced' traits in an undistorted braincase from an Upper Cretaceous enantiornithine bonebed in south-eastern Brazil. Our discovery suggests that these crown bird-like endocranial traits may have originated prior to the split between Enantiornithes and the more crownward portion of avian phylogeny over 140 million years ago, while coexisting with a remarkably plesiomorphic cranial base and posterior palate region. Altogether, our results support the interpretation that the distinctive endocranial morphologies of crown birds and their Mesozoic relatives are affected by complex trade-offs between spatial constraints during development.</p>
MPM-334-1: Fossil basicranium and endocranial volumes and CT-stack (Enantiornithes, Avialae)
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FIGURE 9 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 9. Detailed photograph of the dentation of Longipteryx chaoyangensis (IVPP-V12325) in labial view. A, photograph of the dentition; B, close up of the first right premaxillary tooth.
FIGURE 5 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 5. Detailed photograph of the dentition of DNHM-D2889 in labial view. A, photograph of the dentition; B, close up of the first right premaxillary tooth; C, close up of the second right premaxillary tooth; D, close up of the third right premaxillary tooth; E, close up of the fourth right premaxillary tooth.
FIGURE 4 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 4. Detailed photograph of the skull of DNHM-D2889, a nearly complete and articulated adult individual from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation and referred to Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang et al., 2001.
FIGURE 3 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 3. Line drawing of DNHM-D2889, a nearly complete and articulated adult individual from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation and referred to Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang et al., 2001.
FIGURE 2 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 2. Photograph of DNHM-D2889, a nearly complete and articulated adult individual from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation and referred to Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang et al., 2001.
FIGURE 8 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 8. Detail of the right foot of DNHM-D2889.
FIGURE 7 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 7. Detail of the right wing of DNHM-D2889.
FIGURE 6 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 6. Detail of the left carpometacarpus of DNHM-D2889.
FIGURE 1 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
FIGURE 1. Photograph of the holotype of Longipteryx chaoyangensis (IVPP-V12325).
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