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15 results for “Epifauna”
High-marsh epifauna densities within references and ice-rafted sediment deposits, Rowley, MA.
Following a historic bomb cyclone (Winter Storm Grayson) in January of 2018, a large volume of ice-rafted sediment was patchily deposited on the surface of salt marshes in the Great Marsh, MA. In May of 2018, twenty patches of ice-rafted sediments and paired reference sites (i.e., no sediment deposition) were delineated. In May 2018, August 2018, and August 2019, samples were collected to examine how ice-rafted sediments affected vegetation, infauna, and epifauna recovery over time. This specific dataset focuses on epifauna species counts, with the primary species including: Melampus bidentatus, Littorophiloscia vittata, and Orchestia grillus. This dataset is complete and please see our publication (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-01023-z) for more information.
Effects of mangrove encroachment on tidal wetland plants and epifauna: 2012-2020
Woody encroachment is occurring in many marsh-mangrove ecotones across the globe, with multiple drivers contributing to an increase in mangrove cover. As a result, marsh plant species are often displaced, resulting in a striking regime shift from grass and forb-dominated habitats to taller, woody vegetation. Our goal was to quantify the bottom-up effects of mangrove woody encroachment into coastal wetlands on associated plant and epifaunal assemblages. In 2012, we established several large (> 20 ha) survey areas at tidal wetland sites with or without black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) on the Texas (USA) coast in the Gulf of Mexico, an area highly susceptible to mangrove encroachment. Starting in 2012, we annually recorded vascular plant cover and diversity and recorded snail (Littoraria irrorata) and fiddler crab (Uca spp.) density along transects perpendicular to the shoreline. Marsh plant species richness was 50% lower at sites with mangroves, and some species, such as Sarcocornia spp. and Distichlis spicata, were relatively rare or absent from sites with mangroves. The wetland plant communities at these sites were relatively unaffected by Hurricane Harvey (August 2017). Epifaunal snails and crabs were common at all sites, with abundances that varied over time. Our results indicate that coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves support different and lower diversity plant assemblages than marsh-dominated areas. These results were largely consistent with the results of a previous manipulative experiment in the same area. Therefore, as woody encroachment continues and mangrove cover gradually increases, this change may lead to complex bottom-up effects on a range of ecosystem processes and services.
Data from: Recovery linked to life history of sessile epifauna following exclusion of towed mobile fishing gear
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Data for Mooring Impacts on Zostera marina Meadows and Associated Epifauna in Nantucket Harbor, Massachusetts, USA
<p>Submitted in fulfillment of a 2015 Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative grant.<br> <br> Excerpt from thesis abstract: "To explore the connections between mooring scarring, the surrounding seagrass meadow condition and epifaunal community, in the second part of this thesis I measured 30 mooring scars to determine average scar size. To explore any potential "halo" effect around mooring scars for seagrass or epifauna and to seek any difference in epifaunal community between mooring and reference sites I also sampled paired sites at eight locations in Nantucket Harbor, Massachusetts three times each in the summer of 2015. Each location consisted of a meadow site actively experiencing mooring scarring and a reference site without moorings. My conservative sampling methods of the 30 sampled mooring scars found scars to average 21.1m2. Across my paired sites, seagrass was found to have lower cover and lower canopy height in mooring versus reference sites. Seagrass cover and canopy height were lower in the first few meters (typically 2-3m) surrounding each scar in comparison to paired reference quadrats indicating a "halo" effect of each scar. I did not detect a difference in epifaunal community composition or density per blade between mooring and reference sites; however, the relatively constant per blade concentration of epifauna combined with the differences in seagrass biomass between the mooring versus reference sites indicate an overall increase in the total amount of epifauna in areas with less disturbance. Epifaunal community composition was different and between locations and sampling dates indicating these factors are more important than proximity to mooring scarring in determining epifaunal abundance and richness."</p>
Indirect effects shape epifauna habitat
<p>We tested the response of algal epifauna to the direct effects of predation and the indirect consequences of habitat change due to grazing and nutrient supply through upwelling using an abundant intertidal rhodophyte, <i>Gelidium pristoides</i>. We ran a mid-shore field experiment at four sites (two upwelling sites interspersed with two non-upwelling sites) along 450 km of the south coast of South Africa. The experiment was started in June 2014 and ran until June 2015. Four treatments (predator exclusion, grazer exclusion, control, and procedural control) set out in a block design (<i>n</i> = 5) were monitored monthly for algal cover for the first 6 months and every 2 months for the last 6 months. Epifaunal abundance, species composition, algal cover, and algal architectural complexity (measured using fractal geometry) were assessed after 12 months. Predation had no significant effect on epifaunal abundances, while upwelling interacted with treatment. Grazing reduced the architectural complexity of algae, with increased fractal dimensions in the absence of grazers, and also reduced algal cover at all sites, though the latter effect was only significant for upwelling sites. Epifaunal community composition was not significantly affected by the presence of herbivores or predators but differed amongst sites independently of upwelling; sites were more similar to nearby sites than those farther away. In contrast, total epifaunal abundance was significantly affected by grazing, when normalized to algal cover. Grazing reduced the cover of algae, thus epifaunal abundances were not affected by the direct top-down effects of predation but did respond to the indirect effects of grazing on habitat availability and quality. Our results indicate that epifaunal communities can be strongly influenced by the indirect consequences of biotic interactions.</p>
Figure 1 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 1. Map of the Bizerte lagoon area showing the location of the sampling station (Menzel Jemil).
Figure 3 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 3. Monthly variations of the species richness (a) and the density (b) of the macro-epifauna (12 replicates per month) with that of the plant biomass. Bars represent standard error.
Figure 1 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 1. Map of the study area showing the three mud volcanoes and the location of the hauls from Arrastre Región Sur-Atlántica surveys with respect to the different zones considered in the study.
Figure 6 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 6. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination (MDS) based on quantitative similarities (Bray–Curtis similarity index) among the different zones.
Figure 4 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 4. Abundance (ind. haul−1) and biomass (g haul−1) of main commercial species in different zones and seasons. Mean + standard error.
Figure 5 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 5. Species richness (S, spp. haul−1), abundance (N, ind. haul−1), evenness (J) and diversity of Shannon–Wiener (H') in communities of different zones and seasons. Global results pooling data from both seasons are also indicated. Mean + standard error.
Figure 3 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 3. Abundance (ind. haul−1) and biomass (g haul−1) of top dominant species in different zones and seasons. Mean + standard error.
Indirect effects shape epifauna habitat
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Figure 2 in Temporal variation and structure of macro-epifauna associated with macrophytes in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia, SW Mediterranean Sea)
Figure 2. Monthly variations of environmental factors at Menzel Jemil during sampling periods.
Figure 2 in Spatial characterization of megabenthic epifauna of soft bottoms around mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádiz
Figure 2. Abundance (%) and biomass (%) of the most important phyla in different zones and seasons.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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