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12 results for “Equus zebra”
Determinants of microbiome composition: Insights from free-ranging hybrid zebras (Equus quagga × grevyi)
<p>The composition of mammalian gut microbiomes is highly conserved within species, yet the mechanisms by which microbiome composition is transmitted and maintained within lineages of wild animals remain unclear. Mutually compatible hypotheses exist, including that microbiome fidelity results from inherited dietary habits, shared environmental exposure, morphophysiological filtering, and/or maternal effects. Interspecific hybrids are a promising system in which to interrogate the determinants of microbiome composition because hybrids can decouple traits and processes that are otherwise co-inherited in their parent species. We used a population of free-living hybrid zebras (<em>Equus quagga</em> × <em>grevyi</em>) in Kenya to evaluate the roles of these four mechanisms in regulating microbiome composition. We analyzed fecal DNA for both the <em>trn</em>L-P6 and the 16S rRNA V4 region to characterize the diets and microbiomes of the hybrid zebra and of their parent species, plains zebra (<em>E. quagga</em>) and Grevy's zebra (<em>E. grevyi</em>). We found that both diet and microbiome composition clustered by species, and that hybrid diets and microbiomes were largely nested within those of the maternal species, plains zebra. Hybrid microbiomes were less variable than those of either parent species where they co-occurred. Diet and microbiome composition were strongly correlated, although the strength of this correlation varied between species. These patterns are most consistent with the maternal-effects hypothesis, somewhat consistent with the diet hypothesis, and largely inconsistent with the environmental-sourcing and morphophysiological-filtering hypotheses. Maternal transmittance likely operates in conjunction with inherited feeding habits to conserve microbiome composition within species.</p>
Fig. 1 in The First Record of Intestinal Ciliates from the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) in South Africa
Fig. 1. (A–O) Endosymbiotic ciliates from mountain zebra of South Africa: A – Alloiozona trizona, B – Holophryoides macrotricha, C – Blepharosphaera ceratotherii, D – Holophryoides ovalis, E – Blepharocorys angusta m. triangulata, F – Blepharocorys angusta m. ovata, G – Blepharoprosthium pireum, H – Blepharoconus sp., I – Bundleia postciliata, J – Bundleia piriformis, K – Bundleia inflata, L – Bundleia benbrooki. M – Spirodinium nanum, N – Triplumaria sp. "A", O – Triplumaria sp. "B". Differential interference contrast, N, O – reconstruction from 3 images. Scale bars: 10 µm.
Data from: Vocalizations in the plains zebra (Equus quagga)
<p>Acoustic signals are vital in animal communication, and quantifying these signals them is fundamental for understanding animal behaviour and ecology. Vocaliszations can be classified into acoustically and functionally or contextually distinct categories, but establishing these categories can be challenging. Newly developed methods, such as machine learning, can provide solutions for classification tasks. The plains zebra is known for its loud and specific vocaliszations, yet limited knowledge exists on the structure and information content of its vocaliszations. In this study, we employed both feature-based and spectrogram-based algorithms, incorporating supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to enhance robustness in categoriszing zebra vocaliszation types. Additionally, we implemented a permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA) to examine the individual identity information contained in the identified vocaliszation types. The findings revealed at least four distinct vocaliszation types he '"snort'," the '"soft snort'," the '"squeal'," and the '"quagga quagga'" with individual differences observed mostly in snorts, and to a lesser extent in squeals. Analyses based on acoustic features outperformed those based on spectrograms, but each excelled in characteriszing different vocaliszation types. We thus recommend the combined use of these two approaches. OuThisr study offers valuable insights into plains zebra vocaliszation, with implications for future comprehensive explorations in animal communication.</p>
Data and code for: Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) were flawed
<p>Steroid hormones, especially glucocorticoids (GCs), are widely used to assess physiological responses to stressors. As steroid hormones are heavily metabolised prior to excretion, it is essential to validate enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs). Although problems with unvalidated assays have been raised repeatedly, their use persists widely. Lea et al. (2017) used an unvalidated corticosterone assay (CJM006) to relate fGCM concentrations to habitat quality, demography, and population performance in the Cape mountain zebra (<em>Equus zebra zebra</em>). Here, we revisit their findings and evaluate the validity of their conclusions using a validated EIA. First, we evaluate the biological sensitivity of six EIAs (three group-specific metabolite assays and three corticosterone assays, including CJM006) through a biological validation experiment (translocation) for two sub-species of mountain zebra, Cape mountain and Hartmann's mountain zebra (<em>E. z. hartmannae</em>). Second, we reanalyse the faecal extracts from Lea et al. (2017) using a validated EIA. fGCM concentrations consistently increased following translocation, when using two 11-oxoaetiocholanolone (lab codes: 72T and 72a) and an 11ß-hydroxyaetiocholanolone (69a) EIA, but did not with three different corticosterone EIAs. All corticosterone EIAs (including CJM006) failed to detect an increase in fGCMs within the critical 48–72-hour period post translocation. Therefore, the CJM006 EIA utilised in Lea et al. (2017) does not sensitively measure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in CMZ faeces.</p> <p>Using a validated assay (72T), fGCM concentrations were no longer associated with adult sex ratio or habitat quality (measured by grassiness) and these variables were dropped from predictive models. fGCM concentrations now varied between seasons and were negatively associated with female fecundity (foal:mare ratio). Consequently, we can conclude that the results of the previous study are unreliable. We introduce the terms "insensitive" and "sub-optimal" to categorise assays that are tested but fail validation, and assays that are comparatively poor at detecting relevant hormone changes, respectively. We discuss how both "insensitive" and "sub-optimal" assays could lead to incorrect inferences about population stressors and counterproductive conservation recommendations.</p> <p>In this dataset, we provide all R code scripts, raw data and data to reproducible all results and figures in Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape Mountain zebra (<em>Equus zebra zebra</em>) were flawed. We have structured the project as an internally consistent directory with files corresponding to code, data, raw lab_ouputs, and figures. </p>
Fig. 1. A in Translocation a potential corridor for equine piroplasms in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)
Fig. 1. A map of south-western South Africa, showing the localities of the 3 reserves from which samples were obtained (black circles) namely Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP), De Hoop Nature Reserve (DHNR) and Karoo National Park (KNP). The grey diamonds show other known municipal nature reserves and national parks which contain Cape Mountain zebra sourced from Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Determinants of microbiome composition: Insights from free-ranging hybrid zebras (Equus quagga × grevyi)
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Multimodal communication of adult, subadult, and infant plains zebras (Equus quagga)
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Data from: Vocalizations in the plains zebra (Equus quagga)
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Data and code for: Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) were flawed
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan the Brain of a Chapman's Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Chapman's Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani) from http://braincatalogue.org/Chapman's_zebra</p>
Data from: Parasite-mediated selection drives an immunogenetic tradeoff in plains zebras (Equus quagga)
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On following pages 3 Tibetan Wıld Ass (Equus kiang), 4 African Wild Ass (Equus africanus), 5 Plains Zebra (Equusquagga),6ZebraGrevy's Zebra (Equus grevyi) 7Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) pages (Equus), 5 (Equus quagga), Gravy': Equus grevyı, (Equus zebra) in Equidae
On following pages 3 Tibetan Wıld Ass (Equus kiang), 4 African Wild Ass (Equus africanus), 5 Plains Zebra (Equusquagga),6ZebraGrevy's Zebra (Equus grevyi) 7Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) pages (Equus), 5 (Equus quagga), Gravy': Equus grevyı, (Equus zebra)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.