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57 results for “Erebia”
Рис. 3. Àневные чешуекрыΛые Ботчинского заповеΑника в прироΑе. Фото И. В. Костомаровой: 1 — Vanessa cardui; 2 — Euphydryas intermedia, самец; 3 — Melitaea arcesia, самка; 4 — Mellicta ambigua, самец; 5 — Nephargynnis anadyomene ella, самка; 6 — Damora sagana, самец; 7 — Erebia ligea eumonia (сΛева) и Erebia ajanensis (справа), самцы; 8 — Erebia wanga, самец Fig. 3. Diurnal butterflies of the Botchinsky reserve in nature. Photos by I. V. Kostomarova: 1 — Vanessa cardui; 2 — Euphydryas intermedia, males; 3 — Melitaea arcesia, female; 4 — Mellicta ambigua, male; 5 — Nephargynnis anadyomene ella, female; 6 — Damora sagana, male; 7 — Erebia ligea eumonia (left) and Erebia ajanensis (right), males; 8 — Erebia wanga, male in Hesperioidea And Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) Of Coniferous Forests From The Nature Reserve Botchinskii
Рис. 3. Àневные чешуекрыΛые Ботчинского заповеΑника в прироΑе. Фото И. В. Костомаровой: 1 — Vanessa cardui; 2 — Euphydryas intermedia, самец; 3 — Melitaea arcesia, самка; 4 — Mellicta ambigua, самец; 5 — Nephargynnis anadyomene ella, самка; 6 — Damora sagana, самец; 7 — Erebia ligea eumonia (сΛева) и Erebia ajanensis (справа), самцы; 8 — Erebia wanga, самец Fig. 3. Diurnal butterflies of the Botchinsky reserve in nature. Photos by I. V. Kostomarova: 1 — Vanessa cardui; 2 — Euphydryas intermedia, males; 3 — Melitaea arcesia, female; 4 — Mellicta ambigua, male; 5 — Nephargynnis anadyomene ella, female; 6 — Damora sagana, male; 7 — Erebia ligea eumonia (left) and Erebia ajanensis (right), males; 8 — Erebia wanga, male
Fig. 4 in Nueva población de Erebia pronoe (Esper [1780]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) en la provincia de León (noroeste de España).
Fig. 4.– Hábitat de E. pronoe y dos de los autores durante la prospección. 01/08/2015 (Pico Coriscao, León).
Рис. 1. Cyana guttifera (Walker, 1856) (A — самец, B — самка), Cyana adita (Moore, 1859) (C, D — самцы) и Cyana puella (Drury, 1773) (E — самец, F — самка) из Пакистана. Масштабная Λинейка = 5 мм Fig. 1. Cyana guttifera (Walker, 1856) (A — male, B — female), Cyana adita (Moore, 1859) (C, D — males) and Cyana puella (Drury, 1773) (E — male, F — female) from Pakistan. Scale bar = 5 mm in New records of Cyana Walker, 1854 from Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Erebiae: Arctiinae)
Рис. 1. Cyana guttifera (Walker, 1856) (A — самец, B — самка), Cyana adita (Moore, 1859) (C, D — самцы) и Cyana puella (Drury, 1773) (E — самец, F — самка) из Пакистана. Масштабная Λинейка = 5 мм Fig. 1. Cyana guttifera (Walker, 1856) (A — male, B — female), Cyana adita (Moore, 1859) (C, D — males) and Cyana puella (Drury, 1773) (E — male, F — female) from Pakistan. Scale bar = 5 mm
Рис. 1. ЧешуекрыΛые, собранные на севере АрхангеΛьской обΛасти: A - Boloria frigga (Thunberg, 1791); B — Erebia disa (Thunberg, 1791); C — Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758); D — Anarta melanopa (Thunberg, 1791); E — Sympistis heliophila (Paykull, 1793). Масштабная Λинейка = 10 мм in New records of Lepidoptera from the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia
Рис. 1. ЧешуекрыΛые, собранные на севере АрхангеΛьской обΛасти: A - Boloria frigga (Thunberg, 1791); B — Erebia disa (Thunberg, 1791); C — Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758); D — Anarta melanopa (Thunberg, 1791); E — Sympistis heliophila (Paykull, 1793). Масштабная Λинейка = 10 мм
Figure 1. Erebia scoparia doii Nakahara, 1926. A–D in Redescription of Erebia scoparia doii Nakahara, 1926 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Figure 1. Erebia scoparia doii Nakahara, 1926. A–D) Topotypes Erebia scoparia doii Nakahara, 1926 from Kunashir Island: A, C) Male; B, D) Female. E) Phylogenetic position of E. scoparia doii based on the COI sequences. Scale bar on the tree indicates the branch lengths. Numbers near nodes are bootstrap support values. F) Male genitalia.
Figure 22−33 in Lectotypes of Erebia kefersteinii (Eversmann, 1851), Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837), Melitaea arcesia Bremer, 1861 and holotype of Melitaea baikalensis Bremer, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Figure 22−33. Melitaea, adult specimens and labels: 22. M. arcesia, lectotype, female, upperside (ZISP); 23. M. arcesia, lectotype, female, underside (ZISP); 24. M. arcesia, lectotype, labels; 25. M. arcesia, paralectotype, female, upperside (ZISP); 26. M. arcesia, paralectotype, female, underside (ZISP); 27. M. arcesia, paralectotype, labels; 28. M. arcesia, paralectotype, male, upperside (ZISP); 29. M. arcesia, paralectotype, male, underside (ZISP); 30. M. arcesia, paralectotype, labels; 31. M. baikalensis, holotype, male, upperside (ZISP); 32. M. baikalensis, holotype, male, underside (ZISP); 33. M. baikalensis, holotype, labels.
Figures 16−21. Clossiana selenis Eversmann, 1837 in Lectotypes of Erebia kefersteinii (Eversmann, 1851), Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837), Melitaea arcesia Bremer, 1861 and holotype of Melitaea baikalensis Bremer, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Figures 16−21. Clossiana selenis Eversmann, 1837, adult specimens and labels: 16. C. selenis, lectotype, male, upperside (ZISP); 17. C. selenis, lectotype, male, underside (ZISP); 18. C. selenis, lectotype, labels; 19. C. selenis, paralectotype, male, upperside (ZISP); 20. C. selenis, paralectotype, male, underside (ZISP); 21. C. selenis, paralectotype, labels.
Figures 1−15. Erebia kefersteinii Eversmann, 1851 in Lectotypes of Erebia kefersteinii (Eversmann, 1851), Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837), Melitaea arcesia Bremer, 1861 and holotype of Melitaea baikalensis Bremer, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Figures 1−15. Erebia kefersteinii Eversmann, 1851, adult specimens and labels: 1. E. kefersteinii, lectotype, female, upperside (ZISP); 2. E. kefersteinii, lectotype, female, underside (ZISP); 3. E. kefersteinii, lectotype, labels; 4. E. kefersteinii, paralectotype, female, upperside (ZISP); 5. E. kefersteinii, paralectotype, female, underside (ZISP); 6. E. kefersteinii, paralectotype, labels; 7. E. kefersteinii, male, Kultuk village, road to Khamar-Daban, upperside (ZISP); 8. E. kefersteinii, male, labels; 9. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, male, upperside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 10. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, male, underside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 11. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, female, upperside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 12. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, female, underside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 13. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, female, upperside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 14. E. kefersteinii amika, paratype, female, underside (coll. S. Churkin, Reutov); 15. E. kefersteinii amika, labels.
Repetitive elements of Erebia and Carex and their genomic proportions
<p>Datasets of repetitive elements in the genomes of <em>Erebia </em>and <em>Carex</em>, detected and annotated using RepeatExplorer2 (Novák et al., 2010, 2020) using low-coverage (0.1X) short read sequencing data. Data from the article "Holocentric repeat landscapes: from microevolutionary patterns to macroevolutionary associations with karyotype evolution":</p> <p>Cornet, C., Mora, P., Augustijnen, H., Nguyen, P., Escudero, M., & Lucek, K. (2023). Holocentric repeat landscapes: From micro-evolutionary patterns to macro-evolutionary associations with karyotype evolution. Molecular Ecology, 00, 1–19. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ mec.17100">https://doi.org/10.1111/ mec.17100</a></p> <p>47 <em>Erebia </em>and 14 <em>Carex </em>species were analysed in genus-level analyses ("Erebia" and "Carex" folders).<br> In addition, individuals of 4 <em>Erebia </em>species ("Erebia cassioides", "Erebia tyndarus", "Erebia nivalis" and "Erebia pronoe" folders) from different populations were analysed in species-level analyses. </p> <p>Subfolders "Individuals" and "Comparative" represent the two modes in which RepeatExplorer2 was run: the individual mode identifies repeats in each sample separately, and the comparative mode identifies repeats in all samples simultaneously, allowing comparisons between individuals and species. </p> <p>Files named "CLUSTER_TABLE..." are the raw output of RepeatExplorer2 and represent the overall number of reads in each cluster of repetitive element, and their annotation.<br> Files named "COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_COUNTS..." are the raw output of RepeatExplorer2 in comparative mode, representing the number of reads in each cluster for each sample included in the analysis. <br> Files named "Genome_proportion..." are the genomic proportion of each repeat annotation, calculated as the proportion of reads with the same annotation.</p> <p>Refer to Cornet et al. (2023) in Molecular Ecology for more details on how the data was generated, the downstream analyses and the sample names (see Tables S1, S2 and S3). </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Novák, P., Neumann, P., & Macas, J. (2010). Graph-based clustering and characterization of repetitive sequences in next-generation sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics, 11(1), 378. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-378</p> <p>Novák, P., Neumann, P., & Macas, J. (2020). Global analysis of repetitive DNA from unassembled sequence reads using RepeatExplorer2. Nature Protocols, 15(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0400-y</p>
Genomic data, part 1, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past. Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Genomic data, part 2, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past.<strong> </strong>Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Fig. 1 in Nueva cita de Erebia manto (Denis y Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en la vertiente leonesa de los Picos de Europa (Cordillera Cantábrica, Norte de España).
Fig. 1.- Reverso de uno de los ejemplares observados (Foto: Mario 2 Montoya).
Evolutionary mechanisms of varying chromosome numbers in the radiation of Erebia butterflies
<p>This is the dataset for the study with the same title published at MDPI Genes (please see the paper for all details).</p> <p>To test for a phylogenetic signal of varying chromosome numbers in Erebia butterflies (Lucek submitted), I reconstructed a phylogeny using a subset of Peña et al. Biol J Linn Soc 2016 for which chromosome numbers were available. Data for an additional 5 species was taken from GenBank. Chromosome numbers used are included.<br> The final alignment comprised sequence data for four genes: 620 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), 598 bp of the nuclear glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 565 bp of the nuclear ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5) and 343 bp of the nuclear wingless gene.</p> <p>I used PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. Mol Biol Evol 2017) to infer the best partition scheme and associated substitution model for each codon position and gene. The output of PartitionFinder is provided in the data file. The resulting best partitioning scheme for the Bayesian inference is given in each nexus file. For the maximum likelihood (ML) based phylogeny I used the GTR model with invariant sites and gamma correction (GTR+I+G) in RAXML 8.2.8 (Stamatakis, Bioinformatics 2014) with the corresponding partition scheme from PartitionFinder. I further used 1000 bootstrap replicates to assess significance. I ran RAXML for the dataset comprising either all four genes, the mitochondrial COI gene only or the three nuclear genes. In the latter case, data was only available for 35 taxa. I conducted the Bayesian analysis in MrBayes 3.2.2 (Ronquist et al. Syst Biol 2012) for either dataset using in each case, 5’000’000 generations with four chains – three heated and one cold. Trees were sampled every 1’000 generations.<br> Provided are the input and output files of MrBayes and RAXML for all genes combined (subfolder all), the mitochondrial COI gene only (subfolder mtdna) or the three nuclear genes (subfolder nuclear).</p>
Secondary contact zones of closely-related Erebia butterflies overlap with narrow phenotypic and parasitic clines
Zones of secondary contact between closely related taxa are a common legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Despite their abundance, the factors that keep species apart and prevent hybridisation are often unknown. Here we study a very narrow contact zone between three closely related butterfly species of the Erebia tyndarus species complex. Using genomic data, we first determined if gene flow occurs and then assessed whether it might be hampered by differences in chromosome number between some species. We found interspecific gene flow between sibling species that differ in karyotype by one chromosome. Conversely, only F1 hybrids occurred between two species that have the same karyotype, forming a steep genomic cline. In a second step, we fitted clines to phenotypic, ecological and parasitic data to identify the factors associated with the genetic cline. We found clines for phenotypic data and the prevalence of the endosymbiont parasite Wolbachia to overlap with the genetic cline, suggesting that they might be drivers for separating the two species. Overall our results highlight that some gene flow is possible between closely-related species despite different chromosome numbers, but that other barriers restrict such gene flow.
Fig. 2 in Climatic Niche Conservatism and Ecological Diversification in the Holarctic Cold-Dwelling Butterfly Genus Erebia
Fig. 2. Illustrative figures of European and Asian mountains (panels A, B) and ancestral reconstruction of climatic traits (panels C–G) for species-specific average values of WorldClim variables.The ancestral reconstructions are based on OU model of evolution in the butterfly genus Erebia.
Fig. 3 in Climatic Niche Conservatism and Ecological Diversification in the Holarctic Cold-Dwelling Butterfly Genus Erebia
Fig. 3. The relationships between climatic and elevation niche widths and niche position along the gradient of conditions occupied by the butterfly genus Erebia. The points correspond to the niche width (y-axis) and average value of a climate variable or elevation for individual species (x-axis).The best fit of generalized additive models (GAM) is shown by lines (separately for species of the European and the Asian clade). Statistical significance of the model fit is also shown. edf denotes the estimated degrees of freedom, which indicates the complexity of the nonlinear relationship (edf = 1 corresponds to a linear relationship).
Fig. 1 in Climatic Niche Conservatism and Ecological Diversification in the Holarctic Cold-Dwelling Butterfly Genus Erebia
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimates for the butterfly genus Erebia. The European clade diversified mainly in Europe, the Asian clade in Asia, although the geographic distribution of several species is not restricted to a single region (see Supp Fig. 3 [online only]). The full biogeographic reconstruction is shown in the Supp Figs. 3–5 (online only). Climatic PCA displays the distribution-based climatic data for all species of the European and the Asian clades.The polygons show the full extent of the conditions occupied by each clade (dotted lines) and the core 50% of the climatic niche (solid lines). The inset shows the correlation of individual bioclimatic variables with the first and second PCA axes.The bioclimatic variables (bio1, bio4, bio12, and bio15) displayed significant phylogenetic signal (Table 3).The European clade inhabits warmer, more humid, and less seasonal climate compared to the Asian clade.
FIGURE 9 in Phylogeography, genetic structure and wing pattern variation of Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe
FIGURE 9. Scatterplot of Canonical variate analysis. Morphometric overlap in hindwings of E. pronoe structure according to canonical variates CV1 and CV2. IT: Italy; SL: Slovenia; SP: Spain; SR: Slovakia.
FIGURE 7 in Phylogeography, genetic structure and wing pattern variation of Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe
FIGURE 7. PCA analysis. Scatterplot of the 'Eyespot dataset' showing group differences. IT: Italy; SL: Slovenia; SP: Spain; SR: Slovakia.
FIGURE 6 in Phylogeography, genetic structure and wing pattern variation of Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe
FIGURE 6. The results of the permutation test in CVA between the studied populations represented by "Country" variable.
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