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13 results for “Escovopsis”
Disease management in two sympatric Apterostigma fungus-growing ants for control the parasitic fungus Escovopsis
<p>Antagonistic interactions between host and parasites are often embedded in networks of interacting species, in which hosts may be attacked by competing parasites species, and parasites may infect more than one host species. To better understand the evolution of host defenses and parasite counter defenses in the context of a multihost, multiparasite system, we studied two sympatric species, of congeneric fungus-growing ants (Attini) species and their symbiotic fungal cultivars, which are attacked by multiple morphotypes of parasitic fungi in the genus, <i>Escovopsis</i>. To assess whether closely-related ant species and their cultured fungi are evolving defenses against the same or different parasitic strains, we characterized <i>Escovopsis </i>that were isolated from colonies of sympatric <i>Apterostigma dentigerum</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>pilosum. </i>We assessed <i>in vitro </i>and <i>in vivo</i> interactions of these parasites with their hosts. While the ant cultivars are parasitized by similar <i>Escovopsis</i> spp., the frequency of infection by these pathogens differs between the two ant species. The ability of the host fungi to suppress <i>Escovopsis</i> growth, as well as ant defensive responses towards the parasites, differ depending on the parasite strain and on the host ant species.</p>
Disease management in two sympatric Apterostigma fungus-growing ants for control the parasitic fungus Escovopsis
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Data from: Putting the waste out: a proposed mechanism for transmission of the mycoparasite Escovopsis between leafcutter ant colonies
The attine ant system is a remarkable example of symbiosis. An antagonistic partner within this system is the fungal parasite <i>Escovopsis, </i>a genus specific to the fungal gardens of the Attini. <i>Escovopsis </i>parasitizes the <i>Leucoagaricus </i>symbiont that leaf-cutting ants (<i>Acromyrmex</i>, <i>Atta</i>) have been farming over the past 8-12 million years. However, it has been a puzzle how <i>Escovopsis </i>reaches its host. During a seasonal survey of nests of <i>Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus </i>in Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, <i>Escovopsis </i>was detected in all the sampled fungal garden waste tips or middens (n = 111). Middens were built strategically; always below the nest entrances. Here, we report the first evidence of a putative mechanism for horizontal transmission of <i>Escovopsis </i>between attine colonies. It is posited that leaf-cutting ants pick up the spores from soil and litter during foraging and vector the mycoparasite between attine colonies. Field and laboratory experiments, using <i>Atta laevigata</i> and <i>Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus</i>, confirm that <i>Escovopsis </i>spores are phoretic, and have an in-built dormancy, broken by the presence of their <i>Leucoagaricus </i>host. However, in the coevolutionary arms race, <i>Atta </i>ants may lose out – despite most species in the genus investing in a more advanced waste disposal system – due to the insanitary habits of their <i>Acromyrmex</i> neighbours.
Supplementary material 1 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
: Data type: phylogenetic data
Figure 2 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 2 Escovopsisclavatus. A, B Conidiophores without "swollen cells" C, D Conidiophores with "swollen cells" (red arrows) E–GVesicles in various shapes with phialides pattern G Conidia.
Figure 6 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 6 Phylogenetic position of Escovopsisclavatus and Escovopsismultiformis considering each molecular marker separately (ITS, LSU and tef1). The trees were reconstructed under Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood inferences. The numbers on branches indicate the posterior probabilities and the bootstrap support values, respectively. The seven Escovopsis ex-type strains are denoted in bold and the new species are highlighted in green (E.clavatus) and light brown (E.multiformis). The trees include a total of 46 Escovopsis sequences of each marker (ITS – 619 bp, LSU – 594 bp and tef1 – 758 bp) and Escovopsioides, Hypomyces, Sphaerostilbella, Trichoderma and Protocrea were included as the closest phylogenetic relatives of Escovopsis. Lecanicilliumantillanum CBS 350.85 was used as the outgroup. ET: ex-type.
Figure 5 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 5 Escovopsismultiformis. SEM images A, B Conidiophores mono- and polycephalous without "swollen cells" C–F Conidiophores mono- and polycephalous with "swollen cells" (red arrows) G, HVesiclesIPhialidesJ Conidia.
Figure 1 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 1 Colony macroscopic characters of Escovopsisclavatus and Escovopsismultiformis on CMD, CYA, MA2%, MEA, OA, PCA, PDA and SNA media after 14 days at 10, 20, 25 and 30 °C.
Figure 4 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 4 Escovopsismultiformis. A–C Conidiophores mono- and polycephalous without "swollen cells" D–G Conidiophores mono and polycephalous with "swollen cells" (red arrows) H, IVesicles in various shapes J Conidia.
Figure 3 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 3 Escovopsisclavatus. SEM images A–D Conidiophores without "swollen cells" E Conidiophore with "swollen cells" (red arrows) F, GVesiclesHPhialidesG Conidia.
Figure 7 from: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Polezel DA, Kakazu S, Rodrigues A (2019) More pieces to a huge puzzle: Two new Escovopsis species from fungus gardens of attine ants. MycoKeys 46: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.30951
Figure 7 Phylogenetic position of Escovopsisclavatus and Escovopsismultiformis. The phylogenetic analysis is based on the concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU and tef1; and the tree was reconstructed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood inferences. Numbers on branches indicate the posterior probabilities and the bootstrap support values, respectively. All Escovopsis species previously described are denoted in bold and the new species are highlighted in green (E.clavatus) and light brown (E.multiformis). The tree includes a total of 40 Escovopsis sequences with 1971 bp (ITS – 619 bp, LSU – 594 bp and tef1 – 758 bp). The data also included sequences from Escovopsioides, Hypomyces, Sphaerostilbella, Trichoderma and Protocrea as the closest phylogenetic relatives of the parasite. Lecanicilliumantillanum CBS 350.85 was used as the outgroup. ET: ex-type strains. Bar: 0.04 substitutions per nucleotide position.
Data from: Patterns of specificity of the pathogen Escovopsis across the fungus-growing ant symbiosis
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Data from: Putting the waste out: a proposed mechanism for transmission of the mycoparasite Escovopsis between leafcutter ant colonies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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