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41 results for “Euryhaline”
Physiological Ecology of Euryhaline Chironomid Midges in Cape Cod MA 2002-2003
In summer, 2002, hundreds of thousands of salt-tolerant midges (Chironomus decorus group, Diptera, Chironomidae) emerged from Pilgrim Lake/East Harbor, Truro, MA. The lake is a former estuary but has been separated from the sea for over 150 years by restrictions associated with railroad and highway construction. Brackish conditions caused by leaky tide gates designed to drain excess freshwater from the lake, coupled with high nutrient levels exacerbated by a massive fish kill the previous year, created conditions that supported densities of midge larvae of more than 5,000/m2 and produced a severe public nuisance in the vicinity of the lake when the adult midges emerged. The emergence coincided with National Park Service efforts to increase tidal flow into the lake, as part of a long-term commitment to restoration of restricted coastal waters within the Cape Cod National Seashore. We are studying the effects of increased tidal flow on midge populations, and in particular evaluating how high salinities need to be to reduce the potential for further nuisance outbreaks of the midges.
Figure 3 in Amylase in the hepatopancreas of a euryhaline burrowing crab: characteristics and modulation
Figure 3. Effect of temperature, NaCl concentrations, various ions, and Ca2+ on amylolytic activity of partially purified amylase from hepatopancreas of N. granulata. (a) Effect of temperature (4–70 °C). The activity was measured at pH 5.2 in the presence of 15 mg mL–1 of starch. The activity values are expressed in relation to the activity at 30 °C (100% = 4.3 mg maltose mg–1 protein min–1). (b) Effect of NaCl concentrations (0–4 M). The activity was measured at pH 5.2 and 30 °C in the presence of 15 mg mL–1 of starch. The activity values are expressed in relation to the activity in the absence of NaCl (100% = 6.16 mg maltose mg–1 protein min–1). (c) Effect of ions. The activity was measured in the presence of 15 mg mL–1 of starch at pH 5.2, 30 °C, in the absence (control) or the presence of the indicated ions (5 mM) (chloride or sulfate salts). The activity values are expressed in relation to the control (100% = 7.5 mg maltose mg–1 protein min–1). (d) Effect of Ca2+. The activity was determined in the presence of 15 mg mL–1 of starch at pH 5.2, 30 °C, in the absence or presence of 5 mM CaCl2, 5 mM EDTA, or both. The activity values are expressed in relation to the activity in the absence of CaCl2 or EDTA (100% = 3.3 mg maltose mg–1 protein min–1). The values are the average of triplicate assays.
Figure 4 in Amylase in the hepatopancreas of a euryhaline burrowing crab: characteristics and modulation
Figure 4. Lineweaver–Burk plot of activity of partially purified amylase from the hepatopancreas of N. granulata using starch or glycogen as substrates. The corresponding activities were measured at pH 5.2 and 30 °C. The values are the average of triplicate assays.
Figure 1 in Amylase in the hepatopancreas of a euryhaline burrowing crab: characteristics and modulation
Figure 1. (a) Zymogram of amylolytic activity from hepatopancreas extract of N. granulata acclimated to 35 psu. After electrophoresis, the gel was immersed in a starch solution (1%) at pH 6.0 for 90 min and then stained with an iodine/KI solution (10 mM). The gray arrow indicates the major active band (29 kDa). (b) Zymogram of amylolytic activity from the hepatopancreas extract of N. granulata acclimated to low (10 psu) and high (37 psu) salinity. After electrophoresis, the gel was immersed in a starch solution (1%) at pH 6.0 for 90 min and then stained with an iodine/KI solution (10 mM). The gray arrows indicate the bands of 29 and 30 kDa.
Data from: Population genomics of the euryhaline teleost Poecilia latipinna
Global climate change and increases in sea levels will affect coastal marine communities. The conservation of these ecologically important areas will be a challenge because of their wide geographic distribution, ecological diversity and species richness. To address this problem, we need to better understand how the genetic variation of the species in these communities is distributed within local populations, among populations and between distant regions. In this study we apply genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and examine 955 SNPs to determine Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) genetic diversity among three geographically close mangrove salt marsh flats in the Florida Keys compared to populations in southern and northern Florida. The questions we are asking are whether there is sufficient genetic variation among isolated estuarine fish within populations and whether there are significant divergences among populations. Additionally, we want to know if GBS approaches agree with previous studies using more traditional molecular approaches. We are able to identify large genetic diversity within each saltmarsh community (π ≈ 36%). Additionally, among the Florida Key populations and the mainland or between southern and northern Florida regions, there are significant differences in allele frequencies seen in population structure and evolutionary relationships among individuals. Surprisingly, even though the cumulative FST value using all 955 SNPs within the three Florida Key populations is small, there are 29 loci with significant FST values, and 11 of these were outliers suggestive of adaptive divergence. These data suggest that among the salt marsh flats surveyed here, there is significant genetic diversity within each population and small but significant differences among populations. Much of the genetic variation within and among populations found here with GBS is very similar to previous studies using allozymes and microsatellites. However, the meaningful difference between GBS and these previous measures of genetic diversity is the number of loci examined, which allows more precise delineations of population structure as well as facilitates identifying loci with excessive FST values that could indicate adaptive divergence.
Data from: Population genomics of the euryhaline teleost Poecilia latipinna
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Hidden hybridization and habitat differentiation ina Mediterranean macrophyte, the euryhaline genus Ruppia
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In many aquatic plant taxa, classification and identification based on morphology has always been difficult. Molecular markers revealed that the complexity in several of these aquatic taxa could be addressed to recurrent hybridization events and cryptic species diversity. The submerged macrophyte genus <i>Ruppia</i> is one of these aquatic genera with a complex taxonomy due to the absence of clear distinguishable traits and several hybridization events. Two species co-exist throughout Europe, <i>R. maritima</i> and <i>R. spiralis </i>(previously known as <i>R. cirrhosa</i>), but recent molecular studies also found several indications of hybridization, introgression and chloroplast capture between these species. However, the full extent and frequency of hybridization and introgression in this genus has not been studied so far, nor is it clear how these hybrid lineages can co-exist locally with their parental species. In this paper, we wanted to detect whether a single coastal wetland where both species co-exist can act as a <i>Ruppia</i> hybrid zone. As a case study, we chose the Camargue, a Mediterranean coastal wetland that harbours a wide diversity in aquatic habitats, especially in terms of salinity and hydro regime. We sampled several <i>Ruppia</i> populations within this wetland. To identify each sample and reconstruct the local genetic structure of the two parental species and their hybrids, we used both chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Afterwards, we tested whether different species had different habitat preferences. Our results confirmed that <i>R. maritima</i> and <i>R. spiralis </i>are two strongly divergent species with different reproductive ecologies and different habitat preferences. This prevents frequent hybridization and consequently we could not detect any trace of a recent hybridization event. However, we found several populations of later-generation hybrids, including a population of <i>R. maritima x hybrid </i>backcrosses. These hybrid populations occupy a different habitat and are genetically distinct from their parental species, although they tend to be morphological similar to parental <i>R. maritima</i>. Although hybridization and introgression in <i>Ruppia </i>is less frequent than we expected, the taxonomy of <i>Ruppia</i> is complicated due to ancient hybridizations and several back-crossings. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 5 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 5. Denticle band at the tail base of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488- 001, 672 mm DW, preserved).
FIGURE 4 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 4. Scapular denticles of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488-001, 672 mm DW, fresh).
FIGURE 3 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 3. Oronasal region of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488-001, 672 mm DW, preserved).
FIGURE 7 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 7. Posterior tail of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488-001, 672 mm DW, fresh): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 6. Tail below caudal sting of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488-001, 672 mm DW, fresh): A, lateral view; B, ventral view. Note the low ventral skin fold below the caudal sting.
FIGURE 2 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 2. Dorsal surfaces of fresh non-types of Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov.: A, embryo ~265 mm DW, east of Wessel Islands, Northern Territory, Australia (photo: K. Jensen); B, juvenile male 390 mm DW, West Alligator River, Northern Territory, Australia (photo: P. Kyne); C, female 1140 mm DW, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea (photo: S. Tova); D, adult male 1100 mm DW, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea (photo: National Fisheries Authority); E, adult female 1610 mm DW, east of Wessel Islands, Northern Territory, Australia (Photo: K. Jensen).
FIGURE 1 in Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., a new euryhaline whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 1. Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., juvenile male holotype (WAM P.34488-001, 672 mm DW): A, dorsal surface, fresh; B, ventral surface, preserved.
Figure 17 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 17. Enlarged dermal denticles of †Onchopristis numidus from the 'Kem Kem Beds'. A–C. B–C, Charles Underwood personal collection, lateral view, longitudinal section and close up of the enameloid layer. D–F, IGR 2819, lateral, anterior and basal views. G, IGR 2820, lateral view. H, IGR 2821, antero-apical view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
Figure 16. A–F in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 16. A–F, ventral rostral denticles from the section of the rostrum of †Onchopristis numidus (NHMUK PV P 75502). A–C, Morpho 1. D–F, Morpho 2 (scale bar: 2 mm) NHMUK PV P 74051. G, anterior part of the ventral surface of IPUW 353500 rostrum (scale bar: 1 cm).
Figure 15. A, B in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 15. A, B, vertebral centra of †Onchopristis numidus from the 'Kem Kem Beds' collection sites Boulalou (KK5: easting: 418413; northing: 3479178 UTM) NHMUK PV P 74052. A, B, sagittal section of vertebra. C, articulation surface of the vertebra. Scale bars: 1 cm.
Figure 13 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 13. Micro-CT-based volume renderings and virtual sections of oral teeth of † found associated with IPUW 353500. A–E, broken main cusp in: A, labial; B, occlusal; C, lingual; D, medial; D, E, profile views. F–L, incomplete tooth lacking part of the labial apron and root in: F, labial; H, lingual; I, apical; J, L, profile views; tooth sections in (G) axial and (K) sagittal aspects; M–S, tooth with a broken main cusp in: M, labial; N, lingual; O, occlusal; P, basal; Q, S, profile views tooth section in (R).
Figure 10. A, B in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 10. A, B, neurocranium of †Onchopristis numidus. A, picture of IPUW 353500. B, line drawing. C, picture of IGR 2818. D, line drawing. Scale bar 4 cm. Note: darken areas on drawing represent sediments.
Figure 9 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Figure 9. Fragment of the rostrum of †Onchopristis numidus. A, IPUW 353500 (scale bar: 1 cm). B, NHMUK PV P 75503 (scale bar: 5 cm). C, hypothetical scheme of the growth and addition of rostral denticles in †Onchopristis. Denticles in grey in (C) are larger denticles replacing smaller ones that fell.
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