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238 results for “Evolutionary relationships”
Fig. 2. Topologiesof the Bayesian trees with branchlengths. Posteriorprobability andbootstrapsupport valuesare given. A. Vachellia and B. Senegalias.l in Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia s.l. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)
Fig. 2. Topologiesof the Bayesian trees with branchlengths. Posteriorprobability andbootstrapsupport valuesare given. A. Vachellia and B. Senegalias.l.
Fig. 1 in Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia s.l. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)
Fig. 1. Topologies of the Bayesian trees without branch lengths. The three boxes indicate the three subgenera of Acacia s.l. Shaded groupings indicate segregate and suggested segregate groupings. Bold lines indicate Bayesian posterior probability above 95%. African Vachellia and Senegalia are indicated in white text. Bootstrap values are given above nodes and bootstrap values below 80% are in italic.
FIG. 4 in New insights into the evolutionary relationships of Opisthodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959), with proposal of Sylphodorylaimus n. gen. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Thornenematidae)
FIG. 4. — Phylogenetic relationships of Sylphodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959) n. comb. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA sequence alignments under the GTR + G + I model. Posterior probabilities are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequence is indicated by bold letter.
FIG. 2 in New insights into the evolutionary relationships of Opisthodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959), with proposal of Sylphodorylaimus n. gen. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Thornenematidae)
FIG. 2. — Sylphodorylaimus syphoides (Williams, 1958) n. comb. (Zirab population): A, female, entire; B, male, entire; C-E, anterior region, lateral median view; F, pharyngo-intestinal junction; G, oviduct-uterus junction; H, anterior region, lateral surface view; I, female, caudal region; J, male, caudal region; K, vulva, ventral view; L, P, vagina region; M, lateral guiding piece; N, male, posterior body region in part; O, spicule. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C, D, N, O, 10 µm; E, H, K, L, M, P, 5 µm; F, G, 20 µm; I, J, 50 µm.
FIG. 1 in New insights into the evolutionary relationships of Opisthodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959), with proposal of Sylphodorylaimus n. gen. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Thornenematidae)
FIG. 1. — Sylphodorylaimus syphoides (Williams, 1958) n. comb. (Zirab population, male): A, caudal region; B, entire; C, D, anterior region, lateral median view; E, anterior region, lateral surface view; F, lateral guiding piece; G, H, posterior body region, in part; I, spicule. Scale bars: A, H, 50 µm; B, 500 µm; C, I, 10 µm; D-F, 5 µm; G, 20 µm.
FIG. 3 in New insights into the evolutionary relationships of Opisthodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959), with proposal of Sylphodorylaimus n. gen. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Thornenematidae)
FIG. 3. — Sylphodorylaimus sylphoides (Williams, 1959) n. comb. (Sufiyan population): A, female, anterior region in lateral median view; B, male, anterior region in median ventral view; C, female, entire; D, male, entire; E, anterior region, lateral surface view; F, pharyngo-intestinal junction; G, vagina region; H, female, caudal region; I, male, caudal region; J, sperm cells; K, spicule; L, ventromedian supplements. Scale bars: A, B, E-G, J-L, 10 μm; C, D, 100 μm; H, I, 50 μm.
Fig. 6. Cladograms showing the evolutionary relationships within Oiocerina. A in Taxonomic re-assessment and phylogenetic relationships of Miocene homonymously spiral-horned antelopes
Fig. 6. Cladograms showing the evolutionary relationships within Oiocerina. A. Intrageneric relationships (rooted to Eotragus Pilgrim, 1939), based on available morphological and zoogeographic evidence (see text). B. 75% majority−rule consensus of the four most parsimonious trees (length: 172; CI: 0.46; RI: 0.65) showing the relationships of eight fossil genera of Oiocerina, Gazella Blainville, 1816, Ovibos Blainville, 1816, Hemitragus Smith, 1826, and Turcocerus Köhler, 1987, based on the character matrix of Appendix 1. Outgroup: Eotragus Pilgrim, 1939. Synapomorphies supporting nodes (marked with bold letters) are discussed in the text.
Fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationship among primate pinworms inferred from 18S in A pinworm's tale: The evolutionary history of Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi
Fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationship among primate pinworms inferred from 18S rDNA gene sequences. Numbers at the nodes represent ML/NJ bootstrap values, respectively.
Fig. 9. Phylogenetic relationships among primate pinworms inferred from cox1 in A pinworm's tale: The evolutionary history of Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi
Fig. 9. Phylogenetic relationships among primate pinworms inferred from cox1 gene sequences. Numbers at the nodes represent ML/NJ bootstrap values, respectively.
Figure 9 Evolutionary relationships within the S in Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: spatial distribution and relationship in the S. latifascia species group
Figure 9 Evolutionary relationships within the S. latifascia group based on sequences of the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). Median-joining network among COI haplotypes (A). Haplotype frequency is indicated by the circle size (given in the inlet). Distribution of the five haplotypes identified in cosmioides+ descoinsi clade indicated by circles of fixed size, colored, according to the proportion of occurrence for each site (B).
Figure 5 in Evolutionary relationships among several species from the genus Cricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae): What about Turkish representatives of this genus?
Figure 5. BEAST chronogram of divergence of the representatives of the genus Cricotopus. Specimens collected and sequenced in this study are demonstrated in bold. Time to most recent common ancestor (tmrca) was estimated for the lettered nodes (in red) which correspond with those in Table 4. The time scale is in millions of years before present.
Figure 4. A neighbour-net phylogenetic network constructed using 106 in Evolutionary relationships among several species from the genus Cricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae): What about Turkish representatives of this genus?
Figure 4. A neighbour-net phylogenetic network constructed using 106 COI sequences of the genus Cricotopus and two COI sequences Orthocladius sp. (outgroup). For the clarity of the network, bootstrap support values of the nodes are not demonstrated.
Figure 3 in Evolutionary relationships among several species from the genus Cricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae): What about Turkish representatives of this genus?
Figure 3. Bayesian tree based on the analysis of COI sequences. Node-associated values (in red) correspond to ML bootstrap support (BS) and BI posterior probabilities (PP), respectively. Full support (100%/1.00) is marked with a bold circle.
Figure 2 in Evolutionary relationships among several species from the genus Cricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae): What about Turkish representatives of this genus?
Figure 2. Saturation plot for transitions (blue crosses) and transversions (green triangles). The x axis shows the genetic distance based on the GTR model, while the y axis shows the proportion of transitions and transversions. The lines show the trends of the variance of transitions and transversions with increasing genetic distance.
Fig. 2 in Untapped potential: The utility of drylands for testing eco-evolutionary relationships between hosts and parasites
Fig. 2. Worldwide endemic and imported cases of (A) cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and (B) viceral leishmaniasis (VL) as of 2018. Warmer colors indicate a higher number of cases reported that year. Source: World Health Organization (2019).
Fig 1 in Evolutionary relationships of Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (Raffles 1821) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) from Singapore revealed by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences
Fig 1. Map of Southeast Asia showing the approximate location of the new (Singapore and Bali) and GenBank sequences included in the study. Numbers correspond to the following locations (haplotype IDs in parentheses): ★, Singapore (Sing1–3); 1, Vietnam (Viet1 & 2); 2, Cambodia (Camb1 & 2); 3, Thailand (Thai1); 4, Thailand (Thai2); 5, Malaysia (Selangor1 & 2); 6, Malaysia (Johor); 7, south Sumatra, Indonesia (Sumatra1 & 2, Java1); 8, Java (Java1); 9, Kalimantan, Borneo (Borneo3); 10, Sarawak, Borneo (Borneo1); 11, Sepilok, Borneo (Borneo2); 12, Bali, Indonesia (Bali1 & 2); 13, Sibuyan, Philippines (Phil1); 14, Bangkok, Thailand (Thai3 & 4); 15, Malaysia (W. Malay); 16, Malaysia (E. Malay2); 17 Malaysia (E. Malay1);18, north Sumatra (Sumatra3–6, 9); 19, west Borneo, Indonesia (Borneo9); 20, west Borneo, Indonesia (Borneo4–7); 21, central Borneo, Indonesia (Borneo4 & 6); 22, Bangka, south Sumatra (Sumatra 7 & 8); 23, Java, Indonesia (Java2 & 3); 24, northeast Borneo, Indonesia (Borneo8); 25, Mindanao, Philippines (Phil2); 26, Timor (Timor). Several Borneo haplotypes appear in multiple locations.
Fig 4. Median-joining haplotype network for M in Evolutionary relationships of Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (Raffles 1821) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) from Singapore revealed by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences
Fig 4. Median-joining haplotype network for M. fascicularis. The size of the circular nodes representing haplotypes is proportional to the number of sequences comprising the haplotype. Shading of circular nodes corresponds to general geographic groupings including Sundaic islands (white), mainland Indochina (gray), Malay Peninsula and northern Sumatra (dark gray), and Singapore (black). Haplotype identifications are presented in Table 1.
Fig 3 in Evolutionary relationships of Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (Raffles 1821) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) from Singapore revealed by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences
Fig 3. Phylogenetic tree topology from Bayesian inference of 12S/tRNA-val/16S mtDNA sequences using a Birth-Death speciation tree prior, and HYK+G+I nucleotide substitution model in BEAST v2.1.3. Lettered identifications for clades are presented below the branches at major nodes. Posterior probabilities are displayed above the branches at nodes. Numbers in parentheses appearing with haplotype identifications are presented in Table 1, and correspond to numbered locations presented on the Figure 1 map. The Singapore haplotypes form two phylogenetic subgroupings, one from the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (Sing1) and the other from the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (Sing2 & Sing3).
Fig 2 in Evolutionary relationships of Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (Raffles 1821) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) from Singapore revealed by Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences
Fig 2. Map of central Singapore showing the sampling locations in the Bukit Timah (BTNR) and Central Catchment (CCNR) Nature Reserves. Map created using ArcGIS® (ESRI® 2015).
Figure 3 in Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters
Figure 3. Proposition of a phylogeny of Heterobranchia. Here well supported nodes according to present results and character discussions are shown only. Interrupted lines indicate possible phylogenetic relationships. Unambiguous synapomorphies supporting the phylogenetic relationships of euthyneuran taxa are shown by character numbers such as listed in the text. The character numbers in italics are potentially important but require further analysis and discussion (see phylogenetic and taxonomic results).
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