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50 results for “Extreme climatic event”
Species diversity and plant dominance influence grassland stability in response to extreme climatic events and anthropogenic drivers across three LTER sites: Cedar Creek, Konza Prairie, and Kellogg Biological Station, 1982-2023.
The data in this package is associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Multiple community properties drive ecosystem resistance and resilience to extreme climate events across mesic grasslands". The files include compiled data on plant biomass production, species abundance, experimental treatments, extreme climate event values, and calculated diversity and stability measures from grassland plots in experiments at CDR, KBS, and KNZ LTER sites.
Supplementary Material: Climate-sensitive disease outbreaks in the aftermath of extreme climatic events: a scoping review
<p><strong>Supplemental experimental procedures</strong></p> <p><em>General Information</em></p> <p>Here we provide the data extraction of the studies retrieved for the scoping review "Climate-sensitive disease outbreaks in the aftermath of extreme climatic events" following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data were extracted for the following variables: title, first author, year of publication, country/region studied, extreme climate event, extreme climate event name (tropical cyclones are often named e.g. Typhoon Haiyan), Index used to measure climate anomaly, extreme climate event definition, text description of extreme climate event, disease, outbreak definition, time period of the study, data source, baseline/reference period, study design, statistics, outcome, outcome quantification, outbreak risk, qualitative description of extreme climate event and outbreak risk, time lag. Outcome was defined as either disease cases or incidence. </p>
Comparing climatic suitability and niche distances to explain populations responses to extreme climatic events
<p><span>Habitat suitability calculated from Species Distribution Models (SDMs) has been used to assess population performance, but empirical studies have provided weak or inconclusive support to this approach. Novel approaches measuring population distances to niche centroid and margin in environmental space have been recently proposed to explain population performance, particularly when populations experience exceptional environmental conditions that may place them outside of the species niche. Here, we use data of co-occurring species' decay, gathered after an extreme drought event occurring in the SE of the Iberian Peninsula which highly affected rich semiarid shrubland communities, to compare the relationship between population decay (mortality and remaining green canopy) and (1) distances between populations' location and species niche margin and centroid in the environmental space, and (2) climatic suitability estimated from frequently used SDMs (here MaxEnt) considering both the extreme climatic episode and the average reference climatic period before this. We found that both SDMs-derived suitability and distances to species niche properly predict populations performance when considering the reference climatic period; but climatic suitability failed to predict performance considering the extreme climate period. In addition, while distance to niche margins accurately predict both mortality and remaining green canopy responses, centroid distances failed to explain mortality, suggesting that indexes containing information about the position to niche margin (inside or outside) are better to predict binary responses. We conclude that the location of populations in the environmental space is consistent with performance responses to extreme drought. Niche distances appear to be a more efficient approach than the use of climate suitability indices derived from more frequently used SDMs to explain population performance when dealing with environmental conditions that are located outside the species environmental niche. The use of this alternative metrics may be particularly useful when designing</span><span> conservation measures to mitigate impacts of shifting environmental conditions.</span></p>
Data from: Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards
<p>Multivariate adaptation to climatic shifts may be limited by trait integration that causes genetic variation to be low in the direction of selection. However, strong episodes of selection induced by extreme climatic pressures may facilitate future population-wide responses if selection reduces trait integration and increases adaptive potential (i.e., evolvability). We explain this counter-intuitive framework for extreme climatic events in which directional selection leads to increased evolvability and exemplify its use in a case study. We tested this hypothesis in two populations of the lizard <em>Anolis scriptus</em> that experienced hurricane-induced selection on limb traits. We surveyed populations immediately before and after the hurricane as well as the offspring of post-hurricane survivors, allowing us to estimate both selection and response to selection on key functional traits: forelimb length, hindlimb length, and toepad area. Direct selection was parallel in both islands and strong in several limb traits. Even though overall limb integration did not change after the hurricane, both populations showed a non-significant tendency toward increased evolvability after the hurricane despite the direction of selection not being aligned with the axis of most variance (i.e., body size). The population with comparably lower between-limb integration showed a less constrained response to selection. Hurricane-induced selection, not aligned with the pattern of high trait correlations, likely conflicts with selection occurring during normal ecological conditions that favor functional coordination between limb traits, and would likely need to be very strong and more persistent to elicit a greater change in trait integration and evolvability. Future tests of this hypothesis should use G-matrices in a variety of wild organisms experiencing selection due to extreme climatic events. </p>
Figure 2 in Climate variability of extreme air temperature events in the Eastern Black Sea
Figure 2. Changes in the mean monthly air temperature anomalies at the surface (relative to seasonal variability) smoothed by annual (orange) and eight-year (violet) gliding averaging in the eastern part of the Black Sea (42° - 45°N, 37° - 42°E). Their linear trend is shown by black line and the accumulated sum of anomalies after removing the linear trend – by green line. Average values of anomalies for warm and cold half-year are marked by red and blue dots respectively.
Figure 1 in Climate variability of extreme air temperature events in the Eastern Black Sea
Figure 1. Changes in mean monthly air temperature at the surface (red) and their linear trend (blue) in the eastern part of the Black Sea (42° - 45°N, 37° - 42°E).
Figure 4 in Climate variability of extreme air temperature events in the Eastern Black Sea
Figure 4. The annual changes in the mean amplitude (upper part), the number (middle part) and the mean duration (bottom part) of extreme events with positive (red lines) and negative (blue lines) air temperature anomalies in the eastern part of the Black Sea (42° - 45°N, 37° - 42°E), exceeding two standard deviations, and their linear trends.
Figure 3 in Climate variability of extreme air temperature events in the Eastern Black Sea
Figure 3. The annual changes in the mean amplitude (upper part), the number (middle part) and the mean duration (bottom part) of extreme events with positive (red lines) and negative (blue lines) air temperature anomalies in the eastern part of the Black Sea (42° - 45°N, 37° - 42°E), exceeding one standard deviation, and their linear trends.
Urban resilience to extreme natural events and climate change: from Brasil to Europe
<p>Originally published at this link: <a href="https://www.iai.it/en/eventi/urban-resilience-extreme-natural-events-and-climate-change-brasil-europe">Urban resilience to extreme natural events and climate change: from Brasil to Europe | IAI Istituto Affari Internazionali</a></p> <p>The workshop will discuss best practices and innovative methodologies for urban resilience building to extreme natural events and climate change. The focus will be on participatory processes and citizen engagement practices, looking in particular at their relevance for physically and socially vulnerable urban areas. The event is designed as a knowledge-sharing opportunity for cities and will include the participation of researchers and experts working on the field with municipalities.</p> <p>The project “Waterproofing Data: Engaging Stakeholders in Sustainable Flood Risk Governance for Urban Resilience” will be discussed as a successful case study, focusing on data co-production practices and the role of digital tools. The project has been implemented in several Brazilian cities to build resilience to flooding in vulnerable communities by engaging citizens in data generation processes critical to design effective early-warning systems and strategies to reduce the risk of flood-related events. Professor João Porto De Albuquerque (University of Glasgow, UK) and Professor Maria Alexandra Viegas da Cunha (Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paolo, Brasil) will illustrate the results of Waterproofing Data project and its innovative methodology, discussing opportunities for its implementation in cities both in Brasil and Europe and application to a broad spectrum of extreme events, from flooding to heatwaves and drought.</p>
Data from: Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Australia’s Tinderbox Drought: An extreme natural event likely worsened by human-caused climate change
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Comparing climatic suitability and niche distances to explain populations responses to extreme climatic events
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High-resolution climate model output for selected extreme precipitation events in Cyprus
<p>This dataset consists of high-resolution model output for selected past and future extreme precipitation events for Cyprus. It was generated in the framework of the BINGO Research Project (http://www.projectbingo.eu/) . BINGO has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, under Grant Agreement number 641739. More details about the dataset and the design of the simulations in:</p> <p>G. Zittis, A. Bruggeman, C. Camera, P. Hadjinicolaou, J. Lelieveld,<br> The added value of convection permitting simulations of extreme precipitation events over the eastern Mediterranean,<br> Atmospheric Research, Volume 191, 2017, Pages 20-33, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809516307153</p>
Supplementary data for "Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate", published in Communications Earth & Environment
<p>This data repository contains python scripts and post-processed climate model and salt intrusion length data to reproduce figures in the paper below.</p> <p>====================</p> <p>Title: Increasing risks of extreme salt intrusion events across European estuaries in a warming climate (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01225-w">Link to the full paper</a>)</p> <p>Author: Jiyong Lee, Bouke Biemond, Huib de Swart, and Henk A. Dijkstra</p> <p>Journal: Communications Earth & Environment</p> <p>Year: 2024</p> <p>Publisher: Nature</p> <p>====================</p>
Climate characteristics and trends of extreme daily precipitation events associated with cold fronts in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil
<p>Data used in the paper "Climate characteristics and trends of extreme daily precipitation events associated with cold fronts in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil" from Theoretical and Applied Climatology</p>
Caught out in the cold: Mallard survival decreased during an extreme climatic event
<p>Extreme climatic events (ECEs) can have profound impacts on individual fitness, affecting survival directly or indirectly. Late winter ECEs may be especially detrimental to fitness due to limited food resources and increased energetic requirements during this time. A polar vortex disruption ECE descended upon the mid-continental United States during 7–20 February 2021 with temperatures as low as −29ºC in areas concurrent with ongoing research on mallard (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) movement ecology and survival in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee, USA spanning winters 2019–2022. Therefore, we opportunistically evaluated the effects of individual characteristics and latitude on daily survival during the ECE. We extended the survival analysis into March to test for lasting effects of the ECE on survival. We tracked 181 GPS-marked mallards during February 2020, 256 in February 2021, and 324 in February 2022. We documented 22 mortalities during the February 2021 ECE (i.e., 9%), but only 6 mortalities during February 2020 (i.e., 2%) and 2022 (i.e., 1%) when conditions were average. February survival (e.g., 28-day survival) during the ECE was 0.908 (85% CI = 0.879–0.937) but was 0.982 (85% CI = 0.973 – 0.991) during the two non-ECE Februaries. The ECE effect on survival was isolated to February and did not affect March survival. Mallards were 5.4 times more likely to die during the ECE in 2021 compared to non-ECE Februaries. Although large-bodied waterfowl appear cold-tolerant and less sensitive to polar vortex disruptions compared to smaller-bodied passerines, direct mortalities can occur if conditions are severe enough and persist, highlighting the need to consider the influence of ECEs on common, seemingly robust species in future global climate change scenarios.</p>
Data for: Ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on terrestrial and freshwater biota in the Arctic: A synthesis of current scientific evidence and opportunities
<p>File contains the results of a literature review on the ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on terrestrial and freshwater biota in the Arctic.</p>
CESM 1.2 climate model simulation output for: The Essential Role of Westerly Wind Bursts in ENSO Dynamics and Extreme Events Quantified in Model 'Wind Stress Shaving' Experiments
<p>Westerly wind bursts (WWBs)—brief but strong westerly wind anomalies in the equatorial Pacific—are believed to play an important role in El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, but quantifying their effects is challenging. Here, we investigate the cumulative effects of WWBs on ENSO characteristics, including the occurrence of extreme El Niño events, via modified coupled model experiments within Community Earth System Model (CESM1) in which we progressively reduce the impacts of wind stress anomalies associated with model-generated WWBs. In these "wind stress shaving" experiments we limit momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean above a preset threshold, thus "shaving off" wind bursts. To reduce the tropical Pacific mean state drift, both westerly and easterly wind bursts are removed, although the changes are dominated by WWB reduction. As we impose progressively stronger thresholds, both ENSO amplitude and the frequency of extreme El Niño decrease, and ENSO becomes less asymmetric. The warming center of El Niño shifts westward, indicating less frequent and weaker Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events. Removing most of wind bursts-related wind stress anomalies reduces ENSO amplitude by 22%. The essential role of WWBs in the development of extreme El Niño events is revealed in the suppressed eastward migration of the western Pacific warm pool and hence a weaker Bjerknes feedback under wind shaving. Overall, our results reaffirm the importance of WWBs in shaping the characteristics of ENSO and its extreme events and imply that WWB changes with global warming could influence future ENSO.</p>
Data supporting: Impacts of extreme climatic events on trophic network complexity and multidimensional stability
<p>Data used to produce the results presented in the manuscript entitled "Impacts of extreme climatic events on trophic network complexity and multidimensional stability", published in the journal "Ecology". The data were obtained from an outdoor pond mesocosm experiment where freshwater communities were exposed to two different heatwave scenarios. </p>
Data for: Phenotypic plasticity increases exposure to extreme climatic events that reduce individual fitness
<p>Climate models, and empirical observations, suggest that anthropogenic climate change is leading to changes in the occurrence and severity of extreme climatic events (ECEs). Effects of changes in mean climate on phenology, movement, and demography in animal and plant populations are well documented. In contrast, work exploring the impacts of ECEs on natural populations is less common, at least partially due to the challenges of obtaining sufficient data to study such rare events. Here, we assess the effect of changes in ECE patterns in a long-term study of great tits, near Oxford, over a 56-year period between 1965 and 2020. We document marked changes in the frequency of temperature ECEs, with cold ECEs being twice as frequent in the 1960s than at present, and hot ECEs being ~three times more frequent between 2010 and 2020 than in the 1960s. While the effect of single ECEs was generally quite small, we show that increased exposure to ECEs often reduces reproductive output, and that in some cases, the effect of different types of ECE is synergistic. We further show that long-term temporal changes in phenology, resulting from phenotypic plasticity, lead to an elevated risk of exposure to low-temperature ECEs early in reproduction, and hence suggest that changes in ECE exposure may act as a cost of plasticity. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex set of risks of exposure and effects as ECE patterns change and highlight the importance of considering responses to changes in both mean climate and extreme events. Patterns in exposure and effects of ECEs on natural populations remain underexplored and continued work will be vital to establish the impacts of ECEs on populations in a changing climate.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.