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90 results for “Extreme drought”
Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
EDGE is located at six grassland sites that encompass a range of ecosystems in the Central US - from desert grasslands to short-, mixed-, and tallgrass prairie. We envision EDGE as a research platform that will not only advance our understanding of patterns and mechanisms of ecosystem sensitivity to climate change, but also will benefit the broader scientific community. Identical infrastructure for manipulating growing season precipitation will be deployed at all sites. Within the relatively large treatment plots (36 m2), we will measure with comparable methods, a broad spectrum of ecological responses particularly related to the interaction between carbon fluxes (NPP, soil respiration) and species response traits, as well as environmental parameters that are critical for the integrated experiment-modeling framework, as well as for site-based analyses. By designing EDGE as a research platform open to the broader scientific community, with subplots in all replicates (n = 180 plots) set-aside for additional studies, and by making data available to the broader ecological community EDGE will have value beyond what we envision here.
Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots collected in SEV297, "Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Net Primary Production Quadrat Data" and regressions correlating biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
Data, Analytical Code, and Model Outputs From: Restoration Treatments Enhance Tree Growth and Alter Climatic Constraints During Extreme Drought
<p>This archive includes data (forest inventories, tree ring measurements, climate variables), statistical code, model outputs, and a preprint copy of Rodman et al. (2024). For more information on specific information, processing methods, and data formats, see "README.md" or "README.html" files associated with this archive</p>
Sediment organic phosphorus mineralization through extreme drought experiment, Poyang Lake, China, 2022
Sediment samples from Poyang Lake before and after the extreme drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Pre-drought and Post-drought, respectively; initial samples from the simulated drought experiment and samples from the treatment groups at the end of the drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Initial, Light, Light+, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed on samples from each bacterial treatment group at the end of the drought and the initial samples, which were named Initial, Micerbe, Microbe+light, respectively.
Water surface occurrence and recurrence from the article "Amazon's 2023 Drought: Sentinel-1 Reveals Extreme Rio Negro River Contraction"
<p>This data package contains the 10 m spatial resolution occurrence and recurrence water surface masks from the article "Amazon's 2023 Drought: Sentinel-1 Reveals Extreme Rio Negro River Contraction" . These maps have been produced with Sentinel-1 images (10 m) and a Deep Learning method for image segmentation called U-net, methods and data are fully described in the article. Water surface occurrence is computed for the period 2022-2023 and indicates the percentage of time that a pixel is classified as water (100%: always water, 0%: never water, and values between 0 and 100 indicate seasonality). Water surface recurrence is computed for the period 2022-2023 and indicates the number of times that a pixel was classified as a water surface, i.e., 35 indicates that the pixel was classified 35 times as a water surface during the 2022-2023 period. The total size of the dataset is 158 Mo and is distributed in two Geotiffs, one for the water surface occurence and one for the water surface. When using this dataset, please cite the original article <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061056">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061056</a></p>
Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE): High frequency measurements from the northern Chihuahuan Desert site, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA (2013-2023)
The Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE) is distributed across six representative grassland ecosystems of the central United States. EDGE serves as an important research platform for understanding the resistance and resilience of these grassland ecosystems to extreme prolonged drought as well as to changes in precipitation seasonality. This data package contains high-frequency environmental sensor measurements from the northern Chihuahuan Desert site, dominated by black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico.
Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE): High frequency measurements from the southern Great Plains site, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, NM, USA (2013-2023)
The Extreme Drought in Grasslands Experiment (EDGE) is distributed across six representative grassland ecosystems of the central United States. EDGE serves as an important research platform for understanding the resistance and resilience of these grassland ecosystems to extreme prolonged drought as well as to changes in precipitation seasonality. This data package contains high-frequency environmental sensor measurements from the southern Great Plains site, dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico.
Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great Britain are strongly influenced by the choice of drought index: UKCP18-based bias adjusted potential evapotranspiration
<p>Potential evapotranspiration calculated from the UKCP18 RCM ensemble using the Penman-Monteith method as implemented by Robinson et al. (2017) and bias adjusted using Lange et al. (2019). This dataset was used for analysis of future drought characteristics in Reyniers et al. (2022). Details on the bias adjustment of this potential evapotranspiration dataset, as well as bias-adjusted precipitation and temperature from the same climate model ensemble, can be found in Reyniers et al. (2025).</p> <p>---</p> <p>Reyniers, N., Osborn, T. J., Addor, N., and Darch, G.: Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great Britain strongly influenced by the choice of drought index, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1151–1171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1151-2023, 2023.</p> <p>Reyniers, N., Zha, Q., Addor, N., Osborn, T. J., Forstenhäusler, N., and He, Y.: Two sets of bias-corrected regional UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18) of temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for Great Britain, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2113–2133, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2113-2025, 2025. </p> <p>Robinson, E. L., Blyth, E. M., Clark, D. B., Finch, J., Rudd, A. C. (2017). Trends in atmospheric evaporative demand in Great Britain using high-resolution meteorological data. HESS, <em>21</em>(2), 1189-1224.</p> <p>Lange, S. (2019). Trend-preserving bias adjustment and statistical downscaling with ISIMIP3BASD (v1. 0). <em>GMD,</em> <em>12</em>(7), 3055-3070.</p>
Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great Britain are strongly influenced by the choice of drought index: UKCP18-based SPI and SPEI data
<p>Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI; McKee et al., 1993) and Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI; Vicente-Serrano et al., 2009) computed from UKCP18 Strand 3 simulations (Met Office Hadley Centre, 2018).</p> <p>This data was produced for the study by Reyniers et al. (<em>in prep</em>) analysing (diferences in) drought projections using these indicators. The methodology used to produce this data can be found there if/when the paper is accepted, however do not hesitate to reach out with any further questions. Please note the RCM data was bias adjusted prior to SPI and SPEI computation. There is one file per ensemble member containing the full simulated period on a monthly time step, using aggregation periods of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months for the computation of SP(E)I.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., Kleist, J., et al.: The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, in: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, vol. 17, pp. 179–183, Boston, 1993</p> <p>Met Office Hadley Centre (2018): UKCP18 Regional Projections on a 12km grid over the UK for 1980-2080. Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, <em>date of citation</em>. <a href="https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/589211abeb844070a95d061c8cc7f604">https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/589211abeb844070a95d061c8cc7f604</a></p> <p>Reyniers, N., Osborn, T. J., Addor, N., Darch, G.: Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great<br> Britain are strongly influenced by the choice of drought index. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, <em>in prep. for HESS</em></p> <p>Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., and López-Moreno, J. I.: A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Journal of Climate, 23, 1696–1718, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1, 2009.</p>
Limited legacy effects of extreme multi-year drought on carbon and nitrogen cycling in a mesic grassland
<p>The intensification of drought throughout the US Great Plains has the potential to have large impacts on grassland functioning, as has been shown with dramatic losses of plant productivity annually. Yet, we have a poor understanding of how grassland functioning responds after drought ends. This study examined how belowground nutrient cycling responds after drought and whether legacy effects persist post-drought. We assessed the two-year recovery of nutrient cycling processes following a four-year experimental drought in a mesic grassland by comparing two different growing season drought treatments - chronic (each rainfall event reduced by 66%) and intense (all rain eliminated until 45% of annual rainfall was achieved) – to the control (ambient precipitation) treatment. At the beginning of the first growing season post-drought, we found that in situ soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and laboratory-based soil microbial respiration were reduced by 42% and 22% respectively in the intense drought treatment compared to the control, but both measures had recovered by mid-season (July) and remained similar to the control treatment in the second post-drought year. We also found that extractable soil ammonium and total inorganic N were elevated throughout the growing season in the first year after drought in the intense treatment. However, these differences in inorganic N pools did not persist during the growing season of the second year post-drought. The remaining measures of C and N cycling in both drought treatments showed no post-drought treatment effects. Thus, although we observed short-term legacy effects following the intense drought, C and N cycling returned to levels comparable to non-droughted grassland within a single growing season regardless of whether the drought was intense or chronic in nature. Overall, these results suggest that key aspects of C and N cycling in mesic tallgrass prairie do not exhibit persistent legacies from four years of experimentally-induced drought.</p>
Fig. 6 in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 6. Hybrid multidimensional scaling (HMDS) ordination plot in two dimensions of benthic fish assemblage), River (b; ->7m). This ordination explained ~39% of the variance in the association matrix (r2 = 0,384).
Fig. 5. Estimated species richness E in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 5. Estimated species richness E(Sn) by strata at rio Negro (a-Sep, b-Nov 1997 and c-Feb 1998) and rio Branco (d-Sep
Fig. 3. Estimated species richness E in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 3. Estimated species richness E(Sn) by months of collection for (a) rio Negro and (b) rio Branco.
Fig. 4 in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 4. Temporal and spatial variation of CPUA in number of individuals (ind.m-2.103 - a and c) and biomass (g.m-2.103 - b and d) captured on the rio Negro (a and b) and rio Branco (c and d) for each trawl in: () Sep; () Nov (just in rio Negro) 1997 and () Feb 1998.
Australia’s Tinderbox Drought: An extreme natural event likely worsened by human-caused climate change
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Limited legacy effects of extreme multi-year drought on carbon and nitrogen cycling in a mesic grassland
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Data from: Grassland restoration drives strong multitrophic biodiversity recovery, but climate extremes jeopardize drought-sensitive species
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Data from: Stress responsiveness in a wild primate predicts survival across an extreme El Niño drought
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Data from: Six co-occurring conifer species in northern Idaho exhibit a continuum of hydraulic strategies during an extreme drought year
As growing seasons in the northwestern USA lengthen, on track with climate predictions, the mixed conifer forests that dominate this region will experience extended seasonal drought conditions. The year of 2015, which had the most extreme drought for the area on record, offered a potential analog of future conditions. During this period, we measured the daily courses of water potential and gas exchange as well as the hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to embolism of six dominant native conifer species, Abies grandis, Larix occidentalis, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus monticola, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Thuja occidentalis, to determine their responses to 5 months of record low precipitation. The deep ash-capped soils of the region allowed gas exchange to continue without significant evidence of water stress for almost two months after the last rainfall event. Midday water potentials never fell below -2.2 MPa in the evergreen species and -2.7 MPa in the one deciduous species. Branch xylem was resistant to embolism, with P50 values ranging from -3.3 to -7.0 MPa. Root xylem, however, was more vulnerable, with P50 values from -1.3 to -4.6 MPa. With predawn water potentials as low as -1.3 MPa, the two Pinus species likely experienced declines in root hydraulic conductivity. Stomatal conductance of all six species was significantly responsive to vapor pressure only in the dry months (August-October), with no response evident in the wet months (June-July). While there were similarities among species, they exhibited a continuum of isohydry and safety margins. Despite the severity of this drought, all species were able to continue photosynthesis until mid-October, likely due to the mediating effects of the meter-deep, ash-capped silty-loam soils with large water storage capacity. Areas with these soil types, which are characteristic of much of the Northwest USA, could serve as refugia under drier and warmer future conditions.
Data from: Long-term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought
Rising temperatures are amplifying drought-induced stress and mortality in forests globally. It remains uncertain, however, whether tree mortality across drought-stricken landscapes will be concentrated in particular climatic and competitive environments. We investigated the effects of long-term average climate [i.e. 35-year mean annual climatic water deficit (CWD)] and competition (i.e. tree basal area) on tree mortality patterns, using extensive aerial mortality surveys conducted throughout the forests of California during a 4-year statewide extreme drought lasting from 2012 to 2015. During this period, tree mortality increased by an order of magnitude, typically from tens to hundreds of dead trees per km2, rising dramatically during the fourth year of drought. Mortality rates increased independently with average CWD and with basal area, and they increased disproportionately in areas that were both dry and dense. These results can assist forest managers and policy-makers in identifying the most drought-vulnerable forests across broad geographic areas.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.