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90 results for “Flux tower”
Monthly Vegetation and Invertebrate Population Monitoring near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower
Permanent study plots were established in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh in the vicinity of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower to provide measurements of plant biomass and invertebrate population density over time for comparison with marsh-atmospheric CO2 exchange. Six replicate plots were randomly placed within each of three height zones of Spartina alterniflora (i.e. short, medium and tall Spartina). Beginning in June 2013, surveys were conducted approximately monthly to determine abundance of Littoraria irrorata, Prokelisia marginata, and grasshoppers in each plot. Plant species, stem density, height, and flowering status were also measured in each of the plots, and biomass was calculated using allometric relationships between plant height, flowering status and mass from plant clipping studies. During these surveys, destructive core sampling was also performed in the proximity of the plots (n = 2 per zone - additional cores collected some months in 2014 and 2016) to measure above and below ground biomass for each Spartina zone. Beginning in February 2016, chlorophyll measurements were taken in the proximity of the plots in each Spartina zone (n = 15 per zone).
Above- and below-ground non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in Spartina alterniflora from 6 permanant plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosysterms LTER flux tower, on Sapelo Island in Georgia, USA
We studied the dynamics of four non-structural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch) and biomass in 8 different above- and below-ground tissues in Spartina alterniflora over the course of a year in a salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Tissue parts sampled included green leaves, green stems, yellow leaves, yellow stems, brown leaves and stem, flowers, belowground biomass from 0-10cm depth and belowground biomass from 10-30cm depth. Samples were collected from tall form S. alterniflora plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER flux tower site monthly between September 2013 and August 2014. This study was conducted to support the development of predictive, mechanistic models of Spartina by providing information on below-ground biomass and its dynamics, and in particular the storage of resources that can be used for spring re-growth.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2017 for sensor Flux1
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from flux sensor set "Flux1" from January 2014 to December 2017 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2022 for sensor Flux2
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from sensor set "Flux2" from January 2014 to December 2022 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Fluxes of Molecular Hydrogen (H2) at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2010-2012
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an atmospheric trace gas with a large microbe-mediated soil sink, yet cycling of this compound throughout ecosystems is poorly understood. Measurements of the sources and sinks of H2 in various ecosystems are sparse, resulting in large uncertainties in the global H2 budget. Constraining the H2 cycle is critical to understanding its role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We measured H2 fluxes at high frequency in a temperate mixed deciduous forest for 15 months using a tower-based flux-gradient approach to determine both the soil-atmosphere and the net ecosystem flux of H2. The data presented here along with other data available at Harvard Forest can be used for efforts to model the H2 soil sink.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Processed eddy covariance time series fluxes from tower located on roof of the CFL building oriented toward Lake Mendota 2012 - current
We calculated eddy covariance based fluxes of CO2, H2O, heat, and momentum to study lake-atmosphere exchanges since 2012. These data were collected by Ankur Desai from 2012 to present using a CSAT-3 sonic anemometer and LI-7500 gas analyzer located on the roof of the CFL building. A footprint model (Kljun) was used to screen for lake only data.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Flux Tower Data, 2016-2024
Data collected from the Hubbard Brook Flux Tower starting in August 2016 that is also uploaded to the Ameriflux website under site name US-HBK. These data are from a suite of sensors installed on the 110 ft. tower and in the ground below the tower. Fast data is collected at 10Hz and is processed into 30min time steps using Licor’s Eddy Pro software. Slow data are averaged at 30 minute intervals and are included with this dataset. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Fluxes of Carbonyl Sulfide at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2010-2013
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur compound in the atmosphere, controls the sulfur budget and aerosol loading of the stratosphere in times of low volcanic activity. OCS is also closely tied to the vegetative carbon cycle and may provide an independent measure of the photosynthetic uptake of carbon. However, the detailed nature of the biogeochemical cycling of OCS throughout the seasons in terrestrial ecosystems has not been thoroughly explored. We measured the seasonal response of the ecosystem flux of OCS above a deciduous temperate forest using an infrared laser absorption spectrometer at Harvard Forest (MA, USA) in 2011. Fluxes were calculated using two complementary approaches: gradient – flux (also known as flux – gradient; January – July, 2011) and eddy covariance flux (August – December, 2011), which agreed within the combined error for a period with both measurements. Strong uptake of OCS by the forest was observed during most of the growing season, but significant uptake also occurred when the deciduous leaves were not present. A strong diel cycle of mid-day OCS uptake was observed in May/June and August/September, consistent with OCS uptake by processes parallel to CO2 photosynthetic uptake, at the ecosystem scale, for these months. The results show that while overall OCS and CO2 both show evidence of vegetative uptake, the OCS flux cannot be explained by this process alone and the relationship between OCS and CO2 changes throughout the year above this mixed deciduous forest. The data imply that terrestrial uptake of OCS, and hence the stratospheric sulfur cycle, are potentially quite sensitive to extremes in temperature and soil moisture.
Atmospheric Gaseous Elemental Mercury Fluxes at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2019-2020
In terrestrial ecosystems, dry deposition of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is considered the dominant source of mercury accounting for 54% to 94% of mercury loads observed in soils, yet direct quantification of GEM deposition across forests is largely missing. The goal of this project is to quantify atmosphere-surface exchange of GEM at Harvard Forest for one full year, providing the first such record in a non-polluted forest. GEM exchange is measured using micrometeorological techniques using a large measurement tower, the only available method for direct, non-intrusive and time-extended measurements of net GEM exchange at the ecosystem level encompassing all underlying sinks and sources. A second objective was to partition GEM fluxes into canopy and soil contributions via deployment of two corresponding flux systems: one system was deployed above the forest canopy to measure ecosystem-level GEM exchange; a second system was deployed below the canopy to quantify soil contributions. This dataset contains an 18-month record of gaseous elemental mercury concentrations and fluxes measured at the EMS tower at Harvard Forest from May 2019 to August 2020.
Flux Tower Data for Fowling Point Marsh at the Virginia Coast Reserve 2007-2008
This dataset contains measurements of CO2 and H2O concentrations, temperature and wind speed made every 1/10th of a second. Important note: due to the high frequency of measurements, this dataset is very large (>25 GB) and may take a long time to download. For this reason the main vcrflux_cpole.csv file is provided as well in compressed (.gz and .zip) forms which are only about 6 GB. There are two additional files. Tide_PPT_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-per-minute data on tide level, temperature at different heights on the tower and precipitation. Wind_light_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-minute summaries of wind, light, and temperature. The research was conducted at the Virginia Coastal Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) site on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA. The flux tower site (37deg 24'39.85"N, 75deg 50'0.53"W) a lagoonal salt marsh which is located near the area of Fowling point. The site is located at about 2.2 kilometers away from the mainland and 10.7 kilometers away from Hog Island, the nearest barrier island. The flux tower is situated at about 80 meters away from the creek edge, on the lagoonal salt marsh.
Fowling Point Marsh Flux Tower Data, 2014-2017
A flux tower was operated on Fowling Point Marsh near Nassawadox, VA from 2014-2017. The flux tower is located about 2 km from the mainland and about 85 m away from a major creek edge. The marsh soil is tidally inundated on a semi-diurnal cycle, with extreme levels of inundation reaching 1.0 m above the mean marsh surface. Continuous meteorological and eddy covariance measurements were made on a 7-m flux tower located in the salt marsh. An eddy covariance unit was mounted at 3.7 m above the sediment surface. Data for BioMet sensors are provided as a table. BioMET data consists of 1min averaged meteorological data. Proprietary LiCOR .ghg files at 20Hz are included in Tape ARchive (TAR) files. Individual GHG files can be renamed as .zip files and uncompressed to reveal an internal metadata file and the data itself. A PDF file identifies the instrumentation and the wiring used to connect them. A summary file contains statistical summaries of the original GHG files.
Flux measurements from the SRS-6 Tower, Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, South Florida (FCE) from January 2004 to August 2005
Above canopy measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes and sensible and latent heating were obtained with an open path eddy covariance system positioned on the tower at 26-m. Additionally, measurements of solar irradiance, wind speed, air temperature and humidity were made every half hour.
Anchor sampling of inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the flux tower tidal creek in the Duplin River
An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower.
Leaf area index for Spartina alterniflora near the GCE-LTER Flux Tower in 2018 and 2019
Leaf area index (LAI) was measured at permanent vegetation plots located in the GCE-LTER Flux Tower site for short and medium form Spartina alterniflora. LAI data were collected using a handheld ceptometer in 2018 and 2019.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the Grand Bay, Mississippi flux tower site from March 2018 to January 2019
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from March 2018 to January 2019 collected over a Juncus roemerianus marsh located in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) in Mississippi. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, soil temperature, and water table height within the marsh.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from December 2018 to January 2020
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from December 2018 to January 2020 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, soil temperature, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek.
Long-term Atmospheric, Soil and Water Sensor Data from the GCE-LTER Eddy Covariance Flux Tower on Sapelo Island, Georgia
Long-term measurements of various atmospheric, soil and water properties were made using electronic sensors attached to the GCE-LTER eddy covariance flux tower deployed in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Variables measured include air and water temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, soil temperature, water pressure and solar radiation components (i.e. incident and reflected photosynthetically available, total, long-wave and shortwave radiation). Measurements were logged at 5 minute intervals using multiple Campbell Scientific Instruments CR3000 data loggers, and then combined into a single monotonic time series data set. Quality control analyses were performed to remove values deemed invalid due to sensor failure or miscalibration and to assign Q/C qualifiers to values outside expected ranges or failing various sanity and quality checks of the data. Note that some measurements were spatially replicated with multiple sensors deployed in different micro-habitats (e.g. at the tower and in a nearby marsh platform or creek). Sensors were also added to the tower at various times after the initial installation, therefore some variables do not span the entire period of record. Measurements at this site are ongoing, and the data set will be updated annually to include additional observations.
Long-term Meteorological Data from the GCE-LTER Eddy Covariance Flux Tower on Sapelo Island, Georgia
Long-term measurements of key meteorological variables were made using electronic sensors attached to the GCE-LTER eddy covariance flux tower deployed in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Variables measured include air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation. Measurements were logged at 5 minute intervals using a Campbell Scientific Instruments CR3000 data logger then re-scaled to 15 minute and daily interval data sets. Quality control analyses were performed to remove values deemed invalid due to sensor failure or miscalibration, and to assign Q/C qualifiers to values outside expected ranges or failing various sanity and quality checks of the data. Measurements began in 2013; however, the total solar pyranometer was not installed until 2018 and minimum and maximum 5 minute air temperature were not added until 2019 so not all variables span the complete period of record. Measurements are continuing at this site and this data set will be updated annually to include additional observations.
Biome Transition Along Elevational Gradients in New Mexico (SEON) Study: Flux Tower Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Quadrat Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The varied topography and large elevation gradients that characterize the arid and semi-arid Southwest create a wide range of climatic conditions - and associated biomes - within relatively short distances. This creates an ideal experimental system in which to study the effects of climate on ecosystems. Such studies are critical given that the Southwestern U.S. has already experienced changes in climate that have altered precipitation patterns (Mote et al. 2005), and stands to experience dramatic climate change in the coming decades (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Climate models currently predict an imminent transition to a warmer, more arid climate in the Southwest (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Thus, high elevation ecosystems, which currently experience relatively cool and mesic climates, will likely resemble their lower elevation counterparts, which experience a hotter and drier climate. In order to predict regional changes in carbon storage, hydrologic partitioning and water resources in response to these potential shifts, it is critical to understand how both temperature and soil moisture affect processes such as evaportranspiration (ET), total carbon uptake through gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and energy across elevational gradients. We are using a sequence of six widespread biomes along an elevational gradient in New Mexico -- ranging from hot, arid ecosystems at low elevations to cool, mesic ecosystems at high elevation to test specific hypotheses related to how climatic controls over ecosystem processes change across this gradient. We have an eddy covariance tower and associated meteorological instruments in each biome which we are using to directly measure the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. This gradient offers us a unique opportunity to test the interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on ecosystem proce
Biome Transition Along Elevational Gradients in New Mexico (SEON) Study: Flux Tower Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The varied topography and large elevation gradients that characterize the arid and semi-arid Southwest create a wide range of climatic conditions - and associated biomes - within relatively short distances. This creates an ideal experimental system in which to study the effects of climate on ecosystems. Such studies are critical given that the Southwestern U.S. has already experienced changes in climate that have altered precipitation patterns (Mote et al. 2005), and stands to experience dramatic climate change in the coming decades (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Climate models currently predict an imminent transition to a warmer, more arid climate in the Southwest (Seager et al. 2007; Ting et al. 2007). Thus, high elevation ecosystems, which currently experience relatively cool and mesic climates, will likely resemble their lower elevation counterparts, which experience a hotter and drier climate. In order to predict regional changes in carbon storage, hydrologic partitioning and water resources in response to these potential shifts, it is critical to understand how both temperature and soil moisture affect processes such as evapotranspiration (ET), total carbon uptake through gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and energy across elevational gradients. We are using a sequence of six widespread biomes along an elevational gradient in New Mexico -- ranging from hot, arid ecosystems at low elevations to cool, mesic ecosystems at high elevation to test specific hypotheses related to how climatic controls over ecosystem processes change across this gradient. We have an eddy covariance tower and associated meteorological instruments in each biome which we are using to directly measure the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. This gradient offers us a unique opportunity to test the interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on ecosystem proces
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