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201 results for “Food Supplements”
Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
<p>Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behavior and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife. Bank voles (<em>Clethrionomys glareolus</em>) are a tractable study system to investigate spatial patterns of wildlife and are amenable to experimental manipulations. We conducted a replicated, factorial field experiment in which we provided supplementary food and removed helminths in vole populations in natural forest habitats and monitored vole space use and spatial overlap using capture-mark-recapture methods. Using network analysis, we quantified vole space use and spatial overlap. We compared the effects of food supplementation and helminth removal and investigated the impact of season, sex, and reproductive status on space use and spatial overlap. We found that food supplementation decreased vole space use while helminth removal increased space use. Space use also varied by sex, reproductive status, and season. Spatial overlap was similar between treatments despite up to three-fold differences in population size. By quantifying the spatial effects of food availability and macroparasite infection on wildlife populations, we demonstrate the potential for space use and population density to trade off and maintain consistent spatial overlap in wildlife populations. This has important implications for spatial processes in wildlife including pathogen transmission.</p>
Supplementary data and code for "Predicting anthropogenic food supplementation from individual tracking data"
<p><span>This repository contains data and R-Scripts to reproduce the results presented in the paper “</span><span>Predicting anthropogenic food supplementation from individual tracking data</span><span>” published in Ibis. Please note that some data (basemap of Switzerland, forests, buildings) are publicly available from </span><span><a href="https://map.geo.admin.ch/"><span>https://map.geo.admin.ch/</span></a></span><span> and are therefore not provided here. The abstract of the article is as follows: </span><span>Many wildlife species consume food or refuse provided by humans. To understand the effect of anthropogenic food subsidies on wildlife populations, we first need to quantify where and when individuals can access such food sources. The red kite <em>Milvus milvus</em> is an opportunistic raptor species and uses both inadvertent and deliberate food subsidies provided by citizens. Here we present a new approach using GPS-tracking data to predict where anthropogenic food subsidies likely occur. We tracked 497 individuals with solar-powered GPS transmitters over an average of 3.2 (range 1 – 9) breeding seasons in Switzerland, and combined these data with locations of 125 known feeding sites obtained through interviews. We used two sequential random forest models, at both individual movement and population levels, to predict where anthropogenic food subsidies were attended by red kites. The first model classified locations that were frequently and regularly revisited, and successfully predicted 85% of locations that were within 50 m of an externally validated feeding site. These predicted locations were aggregated in 500 m grid cells to calculate the proportion of individuals and locations associated with predicted food subsidy. A second model related the presence of known food subsidies to the aggregated predictions. In our study area, 80% of known anthropogenic food provision locations could be correctly identified using red kite tracking data, but data sparsity beyond the core range of tracked individuals limits predictions of anthropogenic food subsidies at larger geographic scales. Nonetheless, biologging data can identify ephemeral food sources, and facilitate an assessment of the importance of anthropogenic food subsidies on the fitness of individuals in tracked populations.</span></p>
Data from: Food supplementing peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) nests increases reproductive success without changes in parental mean provisioning rate
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Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
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Data supplementing Lichtenberg et al. (2018) Costs and benefits of alternative food handling tactics help explain facultative exploitation of pollination mutualisms. Ecology
<p>This dataset contains data and scripts that supplement the publication</p> <p>Lichtenberg et al. (2018) Costs and benefits of alternative food handling tactics help explain facultative exploitation of pollination mutualisms. Ecology 99: 1815-1824.</p> <p>https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.2395</p> <p> </p> <p>Please cite the above article if you use any of the included data or code.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files are described in README.md.</p>
Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation
<p>Human activities shape resources available to wild animals, impacting diet and likely altering their microbiota and overall health. We examined drivers shaping microbiota profiles of common cranes (Grus grus) in agricultural habitats by comparing gut microbiota and crane movement patterns (GPS-tracking) over three periods of their migratory cycle, and by analyzing the effect of artificially-supplemented food provided as part of a crane-agriculture management program. We sampled fecal droppings in Russia (non-supplemented, pre-migration) and in Israel in late fall (non-supplemented, post-migration) and winter (supplemented and non-supplemented, wintering). As supplemented food is typically homogenous, we predicted lower microbiota diversity and different composition in birds relying on supplementary feeding. We did not observe changes in microbial diversity with food supplementation, as diversity differed only in samples from non-supplemented wintering sites. However, both food supplementation and season affected bacterial community composition and led to increased abundance of specific genera (mostly Firmicutes). Cranes from the non-supplemented groups spent most of their time in agricultural fields, likely feeding on residual grain when available, while food-supplemented cranes spent most of their time at the feeding station. Thus, non-supplemented and food-supplemented diets likely diverge only in winter, when crop rotation and depletion of anthropogenic resources may lead to a more variable diet in non-supplemented sites. Our results support the role of diet in structuring bacterial communities and show that they undergo both seasonal and human-induced shifts. Movement analyses provide important clues regarding host diet and behavior towards understanding how human-induced changes shape the gut microbiota in wild animals.</p>
Data From: Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains
<p>Supplemental feeding of wild animal populations is popular across many areas of the world and has long been considered beneficial, especially to avian taxa. Over four billion dollars are spent by hobby bird feeders in the United States each year alone. However, there is mixed evidence whether wildlife feeding is beneficial, including when it is implemented as a conservation management tool, a targeted experimental design, or an avocation. Much of the current evidence suggests that providing supplemental food is advantageous to the reproductive output and general survival of focal taxa. However, many of these studies are limited in scope and duration, leaving possible negative impacts unaddressed. This is particularly true regarding passive backyard feeding, which describes the majority of supplemental feeding, including the immense effort of millions of public enthusiasts. Here we show that winter supplemental feeding prior to reproduction had no significant impact on a range of reproductive parameters in a resident, montane passerine species, the Mountain Chickadee (<em>Poecile</em> <em>gambeli</em>). This population resides in an intact natural environment with no exposure to supplemental food beyond our experimental treatments, and individual birds were tracked across six years using radio frequency identification technology. Our results add to the growing evidence that supplemental feeding alone, isolated from the effects of urban environments, may have little to no impact on the population dynamics of some avian taxa.</p>
Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
<p>The modulation of nutritional intake by animals to combat pathogens is a behaviour which is getting increasing attention. Ant studies using isolated compounds or nutrients in artificial diets have revealed a lot of the dynamics of the behaviour, but natural sources of medicine are yet to be confirmed. Here we explored whether Formica fusca ants exposed to a fungal pathogen can use an artificial diet containing foods spiked with different concentrations of crushed aphids for a medicinal benefit. We show that pathogen exposed colonies adjusted their diet to include more aphid supplemented foods during the acute phase of the infection, reducing the mortality caused by the disease. However, the benefit was only attained when having access to a varied diet, suggesting that while aphids contain nutrients or compounds beneficial against infection, it is a part of a complex nutritional system where costs and benefits of compounds and nutrients need to be moderated.</p>
Complementary Food Supplements for Reducing Childhood Undernutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01562379. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Rice Bran-based Supplemental Foods for the Treatment of Childhood Malnutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05319717. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation
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Data From: Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
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Data from: Seabirds vary responses to supplemental food under dynamic natural prey availability and feeding aggregation composition
While foraging, a predator can feed solitarily or in a group. The net energy gain of joining a group is predicted to vary with prey patch quality, species-specific prey capture behavior and the size and species composition of the predator group. In coastal Newfoundland, Canada, capelin (Mallotus villosus), a key forage fish, migrates inshore to spawn during the summer, resulting in a dramatic shift in prey availability. During July-August, 2015-2017, we examined the numerical and behavioral responses of procellarid (Great Shearwater Ardenna gravis, Sooty Shearwater A. grisea, Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis) and gull species (Herring Gull Larus argentatus, Great Black-backed Gull L. marinus) to fish offal under varying capelin availability as well as flock size and composition using an at-sea experiment on the northeast Newfoundland coast. The experiment consisted of providing a offal every 30 s (10-min experimental period), along with 10-min control periods before and after. We recorded the species-specific number of birds on the water, the number of birds simultaneously attempting to capture offal, and the number of successful attempts ('foraging success'). The number of birds on the water was lower during high capelin availability for all species, except for Northern Fulmar. The number of conspecifics simultaneously attempting increased with the number of conspecifics on the water, but plateaued at different numbers (4-17) for each species. The species-specific proportion of successful attempts (i.e. 'foraging success') varied with flock size and composition (i.e. number of conspecifics, heterospecifics, species). Foraging success of Herring Gulls and fulmars were moderately affected by flock size and composition, suggesting that they may be dominant competitors. Findings suggest that seabirds rely more heavily on supplemental food sources, such as fisheries discards and offal, when natural prey availability declines, potentially resulting in a higher risk of by-catch during fisheries activities as forage fish stocks decline.
Data from: Individual consumption of supplemental food as a predictor of reproductive performance and viral infection intensity
1.Supplemental food is often provided to threatened species in order to maintain or enhance reproductive fitness and thus population growth. However, its impact on individual reproductive fitness is rarely evaluated, despite being associated with both positive and negative consequences. 2. We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the relative proportional consumption of supplemental food and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess beak and feather disease viral infection intensity among parakeets. Life-history and nest-site data from a long-term monitoring effort was incorporated. 3. Older females benefitted the most from supplemental feeding; demonstrated by a greater reproductive uplift than younger females. There were no strong predictors of viral infection levels among nestlings. 4. Reproductive fitness, measured by the number of fledglings produced per brood, was positively associated with proportional dietary content of supplemental food among adult parakeets and breeding pairs that nested closer to feeding stations consumed more supplemental food than those nesting further away. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that supplementary feeding can lead to an overall increase in population growth. However, by characterising individual consumption, we also reveal subtle patterns of use and differential benefits on reproductive fitness within a population. Manipulating the delivery of supplemental food may help to reduce demand on finite resources or target the proportion of a population that derives the most benefit, but is associated with trade-offs in fecundity. For example the use of, and access to feeding stations could potentially be targeted towards specific individuals or, positioned in the habitats most deficient in native food. However, increasing reproductive fitness in one component of the population may be accompanied by a decrease in another. This knowledge can be incorporated into adaptive management strategies that aim to fulfil specific objectives associated with species recovery and long-term viability as long as the relative importance of each objective is be considered.
Data from: Food supplementation fails to reveal a trade-off between incubation and self-maintenance in female house wrens
Incubating birds must allocate their time and energy between maintaining egg temperature and obtaining enough food to meet their own metabolic demands. We tested the hypothesis that female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) face a trade-off between incubation and self-maintenance by providing females with supplemental food during incubation. We predicted that food supplementation would increase the amount of time females devoted to incubating their eggs, lower their baseline plasma corticosterone levels (a measure of chronic stress), and increase their body mass, haematocrit (a measure of anaemia), and reproductive success relative to control females. As predicted, food-supplemented females spent a greater proportion of time incubating their eggs than control females. Contrary to expectation, however, there was no evidence that food supplementation significantly influenced female baseline plasma corticosterone levels, body mass, haematocrit, or reproductive success. However, females with high levels of corticosterone at the beginning of incubation were more likely to abandon their nesting attempt after capture than females with low levels. Corticosterone significantly increased between the early incubation and early nestling stages of the breeding cycle in all females. These results suggest that although food supplementation results in a modest increase in incubation effort, it does not lead to significantly lower levels of chronic stress as reflected in lower baseline corticosterone levels. We conclude that female house wrens that begin the incubation period with low levels of plasma corticosterone can easily meet their own nutritional needs while incubating their eggs, and that any trade-off between incubation and self-feeding does not influence female reproductive success under the conditions at the time of our study.
Supplemental information of "Food waste utilized as resources can reduce climate and resource burdens in agrifood systems"
<p>(1) Source data (Data 1) for bootstrapping analysis to compute means and 95% CIs of carbon footprint and product metrics of food waste treatments, as well as food waste landfill emissions. The revised version incorporated the original reported carbon footprint data for different food waste managements.</p> <p>(2) Source data (Data 2) for food waste management schemes of US, EU, and China for emission estimation as well as emission mitigation analyses.</p> <p>(3) List of studies selected from a systematic literature review.</p> <p>(4) Script code and output report from STATA.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Sim IMW, Wilkinson NI, Scridel D, Anderson D, Roos S (2015) Food supplementation does not increase demographic rates in a passerine species of conservation concern. Nature Conservation 10: 25-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.10.4556
Supplementary Information: Explanation note: Details of the models predicting adult ring ouzel provisioning rate to nestlings, fledging success, brood size at fledging in successful nests, nestling BCI at fledging, within-brood variation in nestling BCI at fledging, and juvenile survival probability for up to 100 days post-fledging.
Supplemental information of "Transitioning from food waste disposal to treatment and reuse can achieve meaningful reductions in food's climate and resource burdens"
<p>(1) Source data (Data 1) for bootstrapping analysis to compute means and 95% CIs of carbon footprint and product metrics of food waste treatments, as well as food waste landfill emissions</p> <p>(2) Source data (Data 2) for food waste management schemes of US, EU, and China for emission estimation as well as emission mitigation analyses</p> <p>(3) STATA output report</p> <p>(4) List of studies selected from a systematic literature review</p>
Data from: Effectiveness of complementary food supplement and dietary counseling on anemia and stunting in children aged 6-23 months in poor areas in Qinghai Province, China: a controlled interventional study
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of dietary counseling and complementary food supplements on anemia and stunting prevalence in children aged 6-23 months. Design: A controlled intervention study with measurements of height and hemoglobin levels, and cross-sectional surveys in August 2012 (baseline) and 2013 and 2014 (end-line). Setting: One intervention and control county in rural Qinghai Province, China. Intervention: Complementary food supplements (containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, B1, B2, B12, D3, folic acid, iron, zinc, and calcium) and complementary feeding counseling were given in the intervention county. Participants: Caregivers and their children aged 6-23 months. Primary and secondary outcomes measures: The effect of the interventions on anemia (hemoglobin< 110g/L) and stunting (z-score of height-for-age< -2.0) prevalence(controlled for differences between the counties), and infant feeding practices. Results: The surveys were conducted among 1804, 2187, and 2186 child aged 6-23 months in the intervention county in August 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively, and 804, 680 and 790 children in the control county respectively. Between baseline and end-line, anemia prevalence decreased more in the intervention county compared to the control county (71.1% to 47.8% vs 86.3% to 75.3%, respectively; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the decrease in stunting prevalence between the counties (9.7% to 7.1% vs 17.0% to 15.0%; P=0.7954). The proportions of children given iron-rich or -fortified food, introduced (semi-) solid food at 6-8 months, and given food with minimum dietary diversity increased from 43.2% to 88.8% (P<0.0001), 81.4% to 96% (P=0.0470), and 53.0% to 59.8% (P<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: We found much higher anemia prevalence in poor rural areas of Qinghai Province compared to national data. Community-based complementary food supplements combined with dietary counseling can improve feeding practices and reduce anemia prevalence. Future studies should use longer follow-up to assess the effects on stunting.
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