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4 results for “Fossil Pollen”
Pollen-chemistry variations along elevation gradients and their implications for a proxy for UV-B radiation in the plant-fossil record
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Five-fold training dataset of fossil pollen images from Burgäschisee used for automated fossil pollen identification (von Allmen et al. study)
<p>This dataset consists of a training dataset for the CNN model containing pollen grain images of nine common pollen taxa, one marker class (Lycopodium clavatum) and four abundant non-pollen debris classes. The dataset was split five-times so that each image is part of the validation dataset in just one of these splits. Additionally, the dataset contains annotated images used to train the object detection model and a dataset of images that were used to evaluate the performance of the CNN model. For further information on the datsets themselves and how they were used the reader may refer to the github repository here attached (<a href="https://github.com/RobinVonAllmen/FOSSILPOLLEN">https://github.com/RobinVonAllmen/FOSSILPOLLEN)</a></p>
Fossilized pollen malformations as indicators of past environmental stress and meiotic disruption: insights from modern conifers
<p>Pollen malformations have been proposed as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy. However, the frequency and variability of pollen malformations under near-optimal conditions and environmental stress, as well as their developmental origins, remain unclear. To bridge these gaps, we compared pollen malformation frequencies and assemblages of 14 extant conifer genera of Pinaceae and Podocarpaceae producing saccate (winged) grains grown under near-optimal conditions. These baseline pollen yields were compared with those produced by <i>Pinus mugo</i> 'Columnaris' cultured under an abiotic stress—three experimentally heightened UV-B regimes proposed for the end-Permian crisis. We additionally reviewed previous cytological literature of abnormal microsporogenesis in conifers. Under near-optimal conditions, malformations comprise <3% of pollen yields in 12 out of 13 bisaccate genera and >10% of yields in the naturally trisaccate <i>Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</i>. We detected no phylogenetic pattern in malformation assemblages of the baseline comparisons. UV-B irradiated <i>P. mugo</i> produced significantly higher malformation frequencies and different assemblage compositions when compared with baseline bisaccate lineages. We propose that pollen malformations originate during the meiotic and tetrad stages of microsporogenesis and present a framework for the ontogeny of different malformation types seen in the fossil record. Malformations comprising >3% of bisaccate pollen yields can be used as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy, but rare, naturally trisaccate lineages are not suitable for such assessments. Furthermore, heightened UV-B not only increases pollen malformation production, but also alters the types of abnormalities trees produce. Different environmental stresses may therefore leave behind distinct fingerprints in the fossil record.</p>
Fossilized pollen malformations as indicators of past environmental stress and meiotic disruption: insights from modern conifers
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