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84 results for “Frost”
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Weekly Snow and Frost Measurements, 1955 - present
Snow and frost measurements have been collected approximately weekly during the winter season at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest using transects underneath the forest canopy adjacent to the established network of standard rain gages from 1956 to the present. Maximum snow depth, snow water content, frost occurrence, and frost depth data are recorded at points along a transect known as a snow course, which includes 10 points spaced at 2-m intervals within a designated 0.25 ha area. Data from one course are averaged for each collection date. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Marcell Experimental Forest biweekly snow depth, frost depth, and snow water equivalent, 1962 - ongoing
This data table contains snowpack and frost data measured at the Marcell Experimental Forest from 1962–ongoing. The data came from five peatland/upland forest watersheds instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. Frost thickness and snowpack (snow water content, snowpack depth) are measured at 10 snowcourses that encompass three cover types (conifer, deciduous, open). The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota, is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Snow and Frost
This dataset contains snow depth and frost depth measurements from the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Samples are collected weekly throughout the winter months. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Snow depth, soil frost depth and snow water content along an elevation gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
Snow depth, soil frost depth and snow water content have been measured at several locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF). In October 2010, as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling (http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_groffman_snow_summary.html), we established 6 20 x 20-m plots (intensive plots) and 14 10 x 10-m plots (extensive plots) following an elevation gradient, with eight of the plots facing north and twelve facing south. Snow and frost depth, and snow water equivalent sampling started in December 2010. Measurements on the extensive plots ended at the conclusion of snow coverage in spring, 2012. Measurements at the 6 intensive plots are ongoing and measurement frequency was increased from approximately bimonthly to approximately weekly beginning in the 2019-2020 snow cover season. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Base images for the article "Optimization of a frosting process for soda lime silicate glass based on phosphoric acid"
<p>Raw dataset of the optimization of a frosting process for soda lime silicate glass based on phosphoric acid.</p> <p><strong>Naming scheme:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Images starting with <strong>HGr</strong> are frosted using the industrial process. These files represent the reference frosting.</li> <li>Images starting with <strong>HG</strong> are frosted manually following the industrial process.</li> <li>In all other images, the solution concentrations within the preliminary bath are noted als follows: <ul> <li><strong>[c<sub>H3PO4</sub>]-[c<sub>NH4HF2</sub>]_[specimen]_[position].jpg</strong></li> <li>For example 10-2_e_1.jpg: This specimen was treated with a preliminary bath with 10 M-% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4 </sub>and 20 g/L NH<sub>4</sub>HF<sub>2</sub>. It originates from the fith specimen (e) and is the first image of this series.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Model results: Model-based decision support for the choice of active spring frost protection measures in apple production
<p><strong>Background: </strong></p> <p>Apple producers are dealing with weather related risks affecting their production. One important risk, is the damage of buds or young fruits by late spring frosts. Fruit growers can protect their apple orchards against this risk in various ways. With a probabilistic model (available on Git Hub: <a href="https://github.com/ChristineSchmitz/Supporting_Information_DA_Frost_Protection">https://github.com/ChristineSchmitz/Supporting_Information_DA_Frost_Protection</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11473204">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11473204</a>), we want to support the decision between several active frost protection measures. The measures considered in the model are: overhead irrigation, below-canopy irrigation, stationary wind machines, mobile wind machines, tractor-mounted gas heaters, portable gas heaters, candles and pellet heaters.</p> <p>As case studies, we parameterized the model for two German apple production regions (Rhineland and Lake Constance region).</p> <p><strong>Repository content:</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the simulation results of 100,000 Monte Carlo runs with the model.</p> <p>The results are provided as .RDS and .csv files. The .RDS files are suitable to be uses with the Code on Git Hub to follow the Post-Hoc analysis and figure plotting.</p>
Evaluation of the saturator efficiency of the low frost-point generator INRIM 03 Mark 1
<p>These datasets refers to the evaluation of the saturator efficiency of the low frost-point generator INRIM 03 developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica. Alternating the inlet gas between a dry source and a moist gas source is it possible to test the capability of the generator to saturate the carrier gas (or condensate the excess water) at the corresponding saturation<br>temperature.</p> <p>This work has been carried out within the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) Project ‘PROMETH2O—Metrology for trace water in ultra-pure process gases’.<br>This project (Grant No. 20IND06 PROMETH2O) has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.</p>
Microclimate predicts frost-hardiness of alpine Arabidopsis thaliana populations better than elevation
<p>In mountain regions, topological differences on the micro-scale can strongly affect microclimate and may counteract the average effects of elevation, such as decreasing temperatures. While these interactions are well understood, their effect on plant adaptation is understudied.</p> <p> </p> <p>We investigated winter frost hardiness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions originating from 13 sites along altitudinal gradients in the Southern Alps during three winters on an experimental field station on the Swabian Jura and compared levels of frost damage with the observed number of frost days and the lowest temperature in eight collection sites.</p> <p> </p> <p>We found that frost-hardiness increased with elevation in a log-linear fashion. This is consistent with adaptation to a higher frequency of frost conditions, but also indicates a decreasing rate of change in frost hardiness with increasing elevation. Moreover, the number of frost days measured with temperature loggers at the collection sites correlated much better with frost-hardiness than the elevation of collection sites, suggesting that populations were adapted to their local microclimate. Notably, the variance in frost days across sites increased exponentially with elevation. Together, our results suggest that strong microclimate heterogeneity of high alpine environments can preserve functional genetic diversity among small populations.</p> <p> </p> <p>Synthesis. Here we tested how plant populations differed in their adaptation to frost exposure along an elevation gradient and whether microsite temperatures improve the prediction of frost hardiness. We found that local temperatures, particularly the number of frost days, is a better predictor of the frost hardiness of plants than elevation. This reflects a substantial variance in frost frequency between sites at similar high elevations. We conclude that high mountain regions harbor microsites that differ in their local microclimate and thereby can preserve a high functional genetic diversity among them. Therefore, high mountain regions have the potential to function as a refugium in times of global change.</p>
Data from: Complex climate-mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk
<p>This dataset comprises crowdsourced data using digitized herbarium specimen images from two comprehensively digitized regional floras; the Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria (CNH; <a href="http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/">http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/</a>) and Southeast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC; <a href="http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php">http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php</a>) for 200 plant species in the eastern United States, and four reproductive phenophases (i.e., flowering, peak flowering, fruiting, and peak fruiting) extracted from the herbarium specimens with associated climate data from PRISM and human population density from US Census Bureau.</p>
Marcell Experimental Forest biweekly bog frost depth, 1985 - ongoing
This dataset contains frost depth data collected every two weeks in two peatlands instrumented for hydrologic monitoring at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) from 1985–ongoing, only from February until the end of frost during Spring. The variables measured are depth to frost layer, frost thickness, and frost occurrence as percent of area. The three measurements provide information on the depth, duration, and extent of a frost layer. The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Freezing Study (SFS) In Situ Measurements of Snow and Soil Frost Depth
Climate models for the northeastern United States (U.S.) over the next century predict an increase in air temperature between 2.8 and 4.3 °C and a decrease in the average number of days per year when a snowpack will cover the forest floor (Hayhoe et al. 2007, 2008; Campbell et al. 2010). Studies of forest dynamics in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems have been primarily conducted during the growing season, when most biological activity occurs. However, in recent years considerable progress has been made in our understanding of how winter climate change influences dynamics in these forests. The snowpack insulates soil from below-freezing air temperatures, which facilitates a significant amount of microbial activity. However, a smaller snowpack and increased depth and duration of soil frost amplify losses of dissolved organic C and NO3- in leachate, as well as N2O released into the atmosphere. The increase in nutrient loss following increased soil frost cannot be explained by changes in microbial activity alone. More likely, it is caused by a decrease in plant nutrient uptake following increases in soil frost. We conducted a snow-removal experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to determine the effects of a smaller winter snowpack and greater depth and duration of soil frost on trees, soil microbes, and arthropods. A number of publications have been based on these data: Comerford et al. 2013, Reinmann et al. 2019, Templer 2012, and Templer et al. 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Campbell JL, Ollinger SV, Flerchinger GN, Wicklein H, Hayhoe K, Bailey AS. Past and projected future changes in snowpack and soil frost at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrological Processes. 2010; 24:2465–2480. Comerford DP, PG Schaberg, PH Te
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Temperature, Soil Frost, and Snow Depth Data in support of "Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems", Conrad-Rooney et al. PNAS 2025
Data associated with the publication: Conrad-Rooney E, AB Reinmann, PH Templer. Declining Winter Snowpack Offsets Carbon Storage Enhancement from Growing Season Warming in Northern Temperate Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025. This dataset includes soil temperature (winter 2021-2022) and snow depth and frost depth (winter 2022-2023) at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Repository: The Distribution of Frosts on Mars: Links to Present-Day Gully Activity
<p>This repository contains:</p> <p>1. Global calculated CO2 frost point temperatures (Kelvin) calculated at 1 ppd every 10 Ls using surface pressure from the online version of the Mars Climate Database<br> (http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/mcd_python/)<br> CO2 Frost Points</p> <p><br> 2. Local Solar Time and Season of THEMIS CO2 Frost Detections at gully locations<br> corr_gully_detections_filenames_meta</p> <p>3. Calculated CO2 frost amounts (kg/m^2) at 30S, 40S, 50S and 60S on pole-facing slopes<br> Frost Amounts</p> <p>4. Calculated CO2 frost amounts (kg/m^2) varying with lower material thermal inertia, slope azimuth, top material thermal inertia, top material thickness and surface albedo<br> Frost Sensitivity</p> <p>5. Predicted H2O frost lifetimes (hours)<br> H2OFrost_Stability</p> <p>6. Global THEMIS CO2 Frost Detections from Mars Year (MY) 26<br> MY26_THEMIS_CO2_Frost_Detections</p> <p>7. THEMIS CO2 Frost Detections at gully locations (Harrison et al. 2015) from MYs 26 - 35<br> MY26_35_THEMIS_GULLY_CO2_Frost_Detections</p> <p>8. H2O frost temperatures (Kelvin) at the Opportunity rover site<br> Opportunity_H2OFrost</p> <p>9. CO2 Frost detections made by Piqueux et al. (2016) using Mars Climate Sounder data<br> Piqueux et al (2016) MCS CO2 Frost Detections</p> <p>10. TES-derived data<br> a) TES_MY26_H2OFrost_Temp_Map<br> b) TES_MY26_H2OFrost_Temp_Seasonal</p> <p>11. The seasonal variation of the CO2 frost point (Kelvin) at the Viking Lander sites<br> Viking_Lander_Data</p>
Soil frost heave test data
<p>Soil freezing test data of silty clay, silt and sand were collected. The test data in the document included the frost heaving rate of soil under different plasticity index, dry density, temperature and water content (from left to right).</p>
Long-term simulation of snow cover and its potential impacts on seasonal frost dynamics in croplands across southern Canada
<p><em>In northern climes, accurate simulation of thermal and hydrological budgets for farmlands during overwintering conditions is crucial to both an accurate prediction of spring flooding and the successful management of nutrient losses. As snow cover influences soil freezing dynamics, it has been hypothesized that reduced snow cover due to warmer winters might increase the depth and duration of frozen soil conditions. Nonetheless, such impacts remain poorly understood and, given the difficulty in measuring the depth of frozen soil, no long-term field experiment has documented these potential effects. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Drawing upon observed snow depth and soil temperature data collected from six research farms across Southern Canada over various time spans from 1989 to 2020, the Root Zone Water Quality Model, integrated with the Simultaneous Heat and Water model, was calibrated and validated. The potential influence of warmer winter on shifts in soil frost dynamics was evaluated by estimating the depth and duration of frozen soil for each farmland site under various RCP temperature scenarios using the RZ-SHAW model. Soil frozen depth in Eastern site increased with the increase of RCP temperature scenarios in some years, but decreased under the highest RCP temperature scenario. The monthly relationship between snow depth and soil frozen depth was determined through partial correlation analysis. Snow was most effective in alleviating soil freezing in the months of January and February, a period when snow cover depth was least affected by warming air temperatures. This paper suggests that Global warming induced-snow cover reduction would be site-specific and is </em>more likely to occur in <em>regions where energy lost through reduced snow cover would outweigh the energy gained through warmer air temperature.</em></p>
Frost datasets Southestern Europe
<p>The datasets (results) of the frost analysis in southeastern Europe.</p> <p>FD: Frost days (number of days)</p> <p>LSF: Last Spring Frost (Julian day)</p> <p>FAF: First Autumn Frost (Julian day)</p> <p>FFD: Free Frost Days (number of days)</p> <p>00: horizon 2000</p> <p>20: horizon 2020</p> <p>30: horizon 2030</p> <p>e.g. LSF00_20 means Last Spring Frost Horizon 2000 minus (-) Last Spring Frost Horizon 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance assessment in laboratory and field experiments"
<p>Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance in laboratory and field experiments". </p> <p>The <em>Heracleum sosnowsky</em> plants has low freezing tolerance and die in temperature range minus 6–12 °С. Snow cover provides stable soil temperature (not lower than minus 3 °С) and is the only factor that ensures the survival of <em>H. sosnowsky</em> plants in the regions with cold winter. The <em>H. sosnowsky</em> frost tolerance is higher in autumn (up to minus 12 °С) and became lower at spring (minus 5–7 °С). These results can be explained by absence of deep dormancy in <em>H. sosnowskyi</em> meristem tissues and gradual change of carbohydrate content in them during the cold period. The seeds have high freezing tolerance after its formation but lost it after stratification. The field experiments were carried out by participants of citizen science project “Moroz”. It was shown that <em>H. sosnowskyi</em> plant eradication probability with the help of snow removal completely depends on weather conditions. This method can be used only on the territories where the use of herbicides is prohibited and only in the regions with minimal temperature in January – Febrary not higher than minus 25 °С. The dataset with all measurements made during the experiments is available on the site of “Moroz” project (<a href="http://proborshevik.ru/%20">http://proborshevik.ru</a>).</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Frost Entomological Museum.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Frost Entomological Museum". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/44fb5823-c1f5-4ac7-8e06-795a09a138f2">https://bionomia.net/dataset/44fb5823-c1f5-4ac7-8e06-795a09a138f2</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/44fb5823-c1f5-4ac7-8e06-795a09a138f2">https://gbif.org/dataset/44fb5823-c1f5-4ac7-8e06-795a09a138f2</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Supplementary data for the paper: "Bacteria-based self-healing concrete exposed to frost salt scaling"
<p>Supplementary data for the paper: “Bacteria-based self-healing concrete exposed to frost salt scaling”.<br> <br> Open data concerning experimental work. The paper presents the benefits of introducing a bacteria-based healing agent in concrete to enable self-healing, assessed under frost salt scaling conditions. Durability tests such as scaling, water permeability and chloride ingress were performed. In addition, a microstructural analysis based on mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), fluorescence microscopy, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was performed. </p> <p> </p>
Dataset - Experimental study of frost detectability on planetary surfaces using multicolor photometry and polarimetry
<p>This dataset contains the polarimetric measurements performed for the paper "Experimental study of frost detectability on planetary surfaces using multicolor photometry and polarimetry" (Spadaccia et al., 2023 published on Icarus). The experimental work is aimed at measuring the changes of polarimetric and photomatric signal of a regolith when frost is deposited on top, at different temperatures and different wavelengths (450, 550, 750 nm).<br> <br> The .txt files are divided on regolith simulant (CR or MGS-1) and polarimetric phase angle (5 or 16°). The reflectance is measured at phase angle 50 or 61°. Each .txt file contains the averaged information of 5 experiments for CR at temperature T=-150°C, three experiments for MGS-1 at T=-130°C ("cold") and three experiments with MGS-1 at T=-120°C. </p> <p>The columns in the .txt files contain information on:</p> <p>#time[s] #temperatures[°C] #stdv_temperatures[°C] #Qblue #stdvQblue #Rblue #stdvRblue #Qgreen #stdvQgreen #Rgreen #stdvRgreen #Qred #stdvQred #Rred #stdvRred</p> <p>Where "Q" is the measurement of Q/I, "stdv" means standard deviation of the different experiments, "R" is the reflectance measured with the monochromatic camera, "blue", "green" and "red" are the three wavelengths of the incident light (450, 550, 750 nm). </p>
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