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15 results for “Garlic mustard”
Regional and Historical Variation in Garlic Mustard Distribution in Western Massachusetts 2006-2007
The susceptibility of a site to invasion by nonnative species depends on its current ecological features and its historical land use. Certain environments might be more conducive to an invasive plant’s success, and several recent studies have shown that former agricultural sites are more susceptible to invasion than sites that have been continuously wooded. We studied the invasive herb garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), at roadside forested edges. Site selection was stratified by two regions with distinct ecological characteristics (the Connecticut River Valley and the Berkshire Valley in Massachusetts), and two historical land uses (wooded versus cleared in 1830).
Baseline Plant Abundances on Garlic Mustard Experiment Plots at Harvard Forest 2013
This is a five year project that investigates the reassembly of soil fungi and native plants in forests affected by biological invasion. The experiment brings together regional land managers to create comparative eradications of garlic mustard at nine distinct sites along a natural climate and nitrogen deposition gradient in New England. This dataset represents baseline plant abundances from 2013 at nine study plots in Harvard Forest. Species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou’s evenness were not different between invaded and non-invaded plots at Harvard Forest.
Source-Sink Dynamics of Garlic Mustard Invasion at Harvard Forest 2004-2006
We are investigating the role of disturbance history, source-sink metapopulation dynamics, and genetic adaptation to different canopy environments in the invasion success of Alliaria petiolata in the New England understory. In these studies, we employ a combination of population-level experiments, metapopulation studies, and landscape-level historical analyses. We have initiated a statewide survey of forested locations to determine the presence and absence of garlic mustard with respect to major pathways of invasion via past and present habitat disturbances. More explicit spatial analyses will test whether past sites of open canopy could have acted as corridors for the spread of invasive populations to present locations. This broad analysis will enable us to evaluate the generality of emerging conclusions from our population-level studies for predicting the broad-scale factors controlling the distribution, pattern and abundance of non-native species. At the population-level, we have begun long term demographic modeling of A. petiolata and experiments to test for habitat-specific natural selection on physiological, phenological, and allocational traits in sites with different canopy structure (edge or understory). In long term demographic analyses, we will use matrix population models to determine the relative contributions of subpopulations in different habitats to forest invasion. In ongoing reciprocal transplant studies, we will asses whether the maternal source habitat of a propagule contributes to its germination and survival in contrasting habitats.
Figures 1–2 in New records of invasive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on garlic mustard in the USA
Figures 1–2. Body of apterous vivipara with distinctly different cauda pointed out. Figures 1 and 2 were magnified to 76.4×. Scale bar = 1 mm. 1) Lipaphis alliariae. 2) Lipaphis pseudobrassicae. Photograph: D. Lagos-Kutz.
Figure 6 in New records of invasive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on garlic mustard in the USA
Figure 6. Neighbor-joining tree (K2P) distances using DNA barcoding sequences to compare species of aphids in the genus Lipaphis.
Figures 3–5 in New records of invasive aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on garlic mustard in the USA
Figures 3–5. Colonies of Lipaphis species on Brassicaceae. 3) Apterous vivipara of L. alliariae on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande. 4) Apterous vivipara of L. pseudobrassicae on kale, Brassica oleracea L. 5) Black shiny egg of L. alliariae on A. petiolata. Photographs 3 and 4 were taken by Doris Lagos-Kutz, and 5 was taken by Rebecah Troutman.
Data on the association between garlic mustard and the plant community from a long-term observational dataset in Illinois, U.S.A.
<p>The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due to differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits and composition of the native community. One way to improve predictive ability about the impact of an invasive species given variable conditions is to exploit known mechanisms driving invasive species' success. Invasive plants frequently exhibit allelopathic traits, which can be directly toxic to plants or indirectly impact them via disruption of root symbionts, including mycorrhizal fungi. The indirect mechanism – mutualism disruption – is predicted to impact plants that rely on mycorrhizas but not affect non-mycorrhizal plant species. To assess whether invader-driven mutualism disruption explains observed changes in native plant communities, we analyzed long-term (1998–2018) plant cover data from forest plots across the state of Illinois. We evaluated native plant communities experiencing a range of abundance of invasive allelopathic garlic mustard (<em>Alliaria</em> <em>petiolata</em>) and varying environmental conditions. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, we showed that as garlic mustard abundance increased over time in 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> sampling quadrats, the abundance of mycorrhizal plant species decreased, but non-mycorrhizal plant species did not. Over space and time, garlic mustard abundance predicted plant abundances and diversity at the quadrat level, but this relationship was not present at a larger scale when quadrats were aggregated within sites. Garlic mustard's impact on the plant community was highly localized, yet it was as important as abiotic variables for predicting local plant diversity. We showed that garlic mustard abundance was a key predictor of patterns of plant diversity across invasion intensity and environmental heterogeneity in a way that is consistent with mutualism disruption. Our work indicates that the mutualism disruption hypothesis can provide generalizable predictions of the impacts of allelopathic invasive plants that are evident at a broad spatial scale.</p>
Data on the association between garlic mustard and the plant community from a long-term observational dataset in Illinois, U.S.A.
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Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment SF, old field successional community, never tilled, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Kellogg Biological Station site, station Kellogg Biological Station, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Data & Analysis for: Soil microbiome sequencing reveals pathogen accumulation and nutrient cycle changes, but not mycorrhizal suppression in naturally occurring invasion of garlic mustard
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Data from: Assessing feasibility in invasive plant management: a retrospective analysis of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) control
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Data from: Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata
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Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species' range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts. We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns. In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub-zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13-year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power. Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre-adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.
Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
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