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19 results for “Gentoo penguin”
Calories Derived from Lipids in Adelie and Gentoo Penguin Diets at Palmer Station, 2022–2023
This dataset contains measurements of caloric energy (in kilojoules) derived from lipids in regurgitated diet samples collected from Adélie and gentoo penguins during the PAL2223 and PAL2324 field seasons near Palmer Station, along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Diet samples were homogenized through blending, and lipids were subsequently extracted for calorimetric analysis to quantify energy content. These data were used in support of the manuscript "Trophic transfer of lipid-derived energy through Adélie and Gentoo penguins near Palmer Station along the west Antarctic Peninsula", published in *Polar Biology* 48, 110 (2025), by Shavonna M. Bent et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-025-03430-5
Data from: Sulfur isotopic discrimination factors differ among avian tissues and diets: Insights from a case study in Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua)
<p>The use of stable isotopes of sulfur (δ<sup>34</sup>S) to infer avian diets, foraging habitats, and movements is relatively uncommon, resulting in a lack of information on patterns of δ<sup>34</sup>S incorporation in avian tissue. In a controlled study of Gentoo Penguins (<em>Pygoscelis</em> <em>papua</em>), we found that diet-tissue isotopic discrimination factors (Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub>) differed among egg components and feathers synthesized from a common diet, ranging from -0.4 to -1.7 ‰. We also found that methodical choices such as lipid extraction and prey tissue selection influenced calculated Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> values. Specifically, Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> values were lower (i.e., more negative) when calculated using whole fish relative to fish muscle and lipid-extraction biased egg yolk, but not fish tissue, δ<sup>34</sup>S values. Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> values obtained for Gentoo Penguins fed a marine fish diet were generally lower than those reported for freshwater-fish-consuming Double-crested Cormorants (<em>Phalacrocorax</em> <em>auritus</em>), the only other bird species in which Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> has been quantified. We found support for the hypothesis that tissue Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> values are inversely related to dietary δ<sup>34</sup>S values in birds, similar to what has been observed in mammals. Given<span> this relationship, the discrimination factors reported here for </span>Gentoo Penguins <span>may be broadly applicable to other avian species with a similar marine diet.</span> Finally, we provide recommendations for future studies seeking to quantify Δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>diet-tissue</sub> in avian tissues and guidance to allow for greater application of sulfur stable isotope analysis in ornithological research.</p>
Data from: Sulfur isotopic discrimination factors differ among avian tissues and diets: Insights from a case study in Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua)
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Data from: Variation in the ecstatic display call of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across regional geographic scales
Geographic variation in bird vocalizations is common and has been associated with genetic differences and speciation, as well as with short-term changes in response to anthropogenic noise. Because vocalizations are used for individual recognition in many species, geographic variation in these traits may affect mate choice, pair bonding, and territory defense. Anecdotal evidence suggests the existence of geographic variation in vocalizations between isolated populations of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua), but there have been no comprehensive studies of Gentoo Penguin vocalizations across a broad geographic range. We used acoustic recordings of ambient colony sound at 22 breeding colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, and Argentina to address 2 main questions regarding Gentoo Penguin vocalizations: (1) How do ecstatic display calls vary both within and between individuals, colonies, and regions? (2) Can ecstatic display calls be used to distinguish subspecies? We found high levels of variation between individuals and between colonies, but little additional variation between regions or subspecies. We found no trends to suggest a latitudinal gradient in vocal characteristics, although we did find that some measures varied with relative distance between colonies. Although we found significant differences at the colony level, unknown calls could not easily be categorized to colony or region by machine learning. We conclude that the vocal soundscape of each colony is driven by variation between individuals within a colony and, developing independently from neighboring colonies, becomes differentiated from other colonies through a process of drift. Although individual calls could, in most cases, be identified to subspecies by machine learning, our analysis suggests that subspecies differences may be driven by variation among colonies and that subspecies identification may be unreliable using acoustics alone.
Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) react to underwater sounds
<p>Marine mammals and diving birds face several physiological challenges under water, affecting their thermoregulation and locomotion as well as their sensory systems. Therefore, marine mammals have modified ears for improved underwater hearing. <a name="_Hlk5740480">Underwater hearing in marine birds have been studied in a few species, but for the record-holding divers, such as penguins, there are no detailed data</a>. We played underwater noise bursts to gentoo penguins<i> (Pygoscelis papua)</i> in a large tank at sound pressure levels between 100 and 120 dB re 1 µPa rms. The penguins showed a graded reaction to the noise bursts, ranging from no reactions at 100 dB to strong reactions in more than 62% of the playbacks at 120 dB re 1 µPa. The responses were always directed away from the sound source. The fact that penguins can detect and react to underwater stimuli may indicate that they make use of sound stimuli for orientation and prey detection during dives. Further, it suggests that penguins may be sensitive to anthropogenic noise, like many species of marine mammals.</p>
Species delimitation beyond phylogenomics: integrative approaches reveal gentoo penguin speciation
<p>Isolation and adaptation to new environments are important steps for reproductive isolation and consequently speciation. Seabirds have low phenotypic variation along their ranges in the absence of clear geographic or environmental barriers to dispersal. Despite the lacking visible phenotypic differences, the number of taxa for the gentoo penguin (<em>Pygoscelis papua</em>, Forster 1781) in the Southern Ocean has been under debate for the last decade, ranging from one to six different taxa. Here, we provide several lines of evidence from genomics, ecology, morphological data, and a complete systematic review that supports four distinctive gentoo penguin species, including the description of a new species. We also provide future niche projections for each of these species. Gentoo penguin genomes (n = 64) recover four main lineages: the northern gentoo (from South America), the southern gentoo (Antarctic Peninsula and maritime Antarctica, south of the Antarctic Polar Front, APF), the southeastern gentoo (from Kerguelen Islands), and the eastern gentoo (colonies located at lower latitudes north of the APF). Our analysis of selection across the genome recovered between 42 and 101 genes under selection for each of the four species, demonstrating that the four species are experiencing differing selective pressures that have caused them to diverge adaptively. The function of these genes affects traits that include reproduction, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, feed efficiency, and morphological variation. Morphological data were taken from museum individuals of all lineages, including from South Georgia gentoos, which have previously been considered a distinct taxon. Multivariate morphological comparisons of all pairs of lineages showed that the northern, southern, southeastern, and South Georgia gentoo penguins are morphologically distinct from each other (p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons), while the eastern lineage is intermediate in size and overlaps in morphospace with other lineages. This result also suggests that body size across latitudes is in direct contrast to Bergmann's rule. Here, we describe the southeastern gentoo penguin from Kerguelen Island and confirm the taxonomic rank of gentoos from Macquarie Island and South Georgia Island as subspecies. Species distribution modelling suggests that climate change will expand the favourable space for the southern range expansion of the southern gentoo penguin but would result in a net loss of suitable habitats for compensatory niche shift relocation for the northern and southeastern gentoos. Despite this, amongst the three subantarctic species, the northern and southeastern gentoos possess high neutral and adaptive genetic diversity, including genes related to cold and heat response. This may represent a higher potential to evolve under environmental changes compared with the eastern gentoo penguin; therefore, the future resilience of each species remains uncertain. This study reinforces the urgent need for explicit recognition and protection of the four regional gentoo species based on their genetic, morphological, and ecological distinctiveness.</p>
Species delimitation beyond phylogenomics: integrative approaches reveal gentoo penguin speciation
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Data from: Population structure and phylogeography of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across the Scotia Arc
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Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) react to underwater sounds
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Data from: Variation in the ecstatic display call of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across regional geographic scales
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Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009
Sexual segregation in vertebrate foraging niche is often associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., ecological sexual dimorphism. We examined ecological sexual dimorphism among sympatric nesting Pygoscelis penguins near Palmer Station, Antarctica, asking whether environmental variability in the form of winter sea ice is associated with differences in male and female pre-breeding foraging niche. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Molecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Gentoo Penguin
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 15 August 2019
Gentoo Penguin
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 15 August 2019
Kopaitic Island gentoo penguins (complete synoptic survey dataset)
<p>These represent the unprocessed, "fresh out the instrument" datasets for Gentoo penguins instrumented at Kopaitic Island, northwestern Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer 2018-2019. Instrumentation was using Technosmart Axy-trek and AGM devices, with proprietary X-Manager software used to extract and save the data. </p>
Kopaitic Island Gentoo penguin GPS tracking data 2018-2019
<p>These represent the speed filtered GPS datasets for individual Gentoo penguins instrumented between November 2018 and February 2019 at Kopiaitic Island approximately 500m offshore from the Chilean Bernardo O'Higgins Antarctic Base on the western Antarctic Peninsula. They are stored as trip objects within standard .RData Workspaces. The objects are unprojected, but adhere to the CRS projection " +proj=lonlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84" Individuals were also instrumented with dive loggers and accelerometer / magnetometer tags, and a subset were also instrumented with HD video cameras. These additional datasets will be published that are linked by unique animal #ID and deployment round number.</p>
Tracking data for gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) breeding in two sites on the Western Antarctic Peninsula in season 2022/23
<p>This dataseta contain tracking data of gentoo penguins (<em>Pygoscelis papua</em>) during december 2022, breeding in Harmony Point (Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands) and Kopaitic Island (Antarctic Peninsula). Tracking was made with axy-trek marine devices, consisting of 5-minute interval GPS fixes and time depth recorders (TDR). TDR data was previously processed using the R script (appended) to generate summarized dive statistics using the diveMove R package. Each animal have two files, one for raw GPS data and one for summarized dive statistics.</p> <p>Production of this dataset was supported by the Instituto Antártico Chileno, Programa Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP 24 03 052), ANID – Programa Iniciativa Milenio – ICN2021_002 (BASE).</p>
WAP penguins_Nelson_Gentoo_GPS_csv_2018_2019
<p>WAP penguins_Nelson_Gentoo_GPS_csv_2018_2019</p>
WAP penguins_Nelson_Kopaitic_Chinstrap_Gentoo_AGM_csv_2018_2019
<p>WAP penguins_Nelson_Kopaitic_Chinstrap_Gentoo_AGM_csv_2018_2019</p>
WAP penguins_Kopaitic_Gentoo_Chinstrap_GPS_csv_2018_2019
<p>WAP penguins_Kopaitic_Gentoo_GPS_csv_2018_2019</p> <p>WAP penguins_Kopaitic_Chinstrap_GPS_csv_2018_2019</p>
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