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19 results for “Gonolobinae”
Data from: Multilocus phylogenetics of new world milkweed vines (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae)
Subtribe Gonolobinae of the cosmopolitan family Apocynaceae is diverse and represents the largest radiation of milkweeds in the New World (~500 species). The largest genus, Matelea, is an amalgam that was united largely by a perceived lack of discrete morphological variation, particularly in floral structures. Using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, we estimate a phylogeny of Gonolobinae using four chloroplast loci and three cloned nuclear regions. We investigate monophyly of Matelea and other established and provisional genera via a series of hypothesis tests. We find variable support and considerable conflict among the gene trees. Despite this, our data confirm the paraphyly of Matelea while Gonolobus and other segregate genera receive some support as monophyletic assemblages. We attribute conflicting signal in our data primarily to incomplete lineage sorting, a likely result of rapid radiation. Ancestral character reconstructions of growth form, fruit, and corolla morphology reveal a woody twining growth form to be plesiomorphic with one to two transitions to an herbaceous, non-twining growth form followed by one putative reversal to the woody twining growth form in the subtribe. Plesiomorphic states for fruit ornamentation and corolla shape are less clear and these characters exhibit high levels of homoplasy. This study is one of the most comprehensive phylogenies of gonoloboid milkweeds to date and the first to sample multiple nuclear loci and include allelic data.
FIGURE 4 in Another remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) with a long stylar head from Mexico
FIGURE 4. Dictyanthus unicornus (A) and morphologically similar species. B. Dictyanthus ceratopetalus. C. Dictyanthus eximius. D. Dictyanthus lautus. E. Dictyanthus macvaughianus. F. Dictyanthus nichongus. G. Dictyanthus pavonii. Credits: A) Fernando Pío-León, B) Oliver Komar, C), D) and G) Leonardo Alvarado-Cárdenas, E) David Juárez García, F) Raúl Sánchez.
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus unicornus A. Branch segment with inflorescence and flower bud. B in Another remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) with a long stylar head from Mexico
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus unicornus A. Branch segment with inflorescence and flower bud. B. Detail of leaf base with colleters. C. Flower. D. Longitudinal section of the flower. E. Apex of the stylar head. F. Pollinaria. G. Fruit. Illustration of Quiyahuitl Colibrí Fernández Armendáriz, based on holotype J. F. Pío-León & M. G. Millán-Otero 375.
FIGURE 2. Dictyanthus unicornus A. Branch with leaves. B. Leaves and flower bud. C in Another remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) with a long stylar head from Mexico
FIGURE 2. Dictyanthus unicornus A. Branch with leaves. B. Leaves and flower bud. C. Top view of flower. D. Lateral view of flower. E. Fruit. Credits: J. F. Pío-León.
FIGURE 3 in A remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) restricted to Jalisco, México
FIGURE 3. Select species of Dictyanthus from Jalisco. A. Inflorescence of Dictyanthus nichongus B. Lateral view of Dictyanthus nichongus C. Dictyanthus asper. D. Dictyanthus macvaughianus. E. Dictyanthus parviflorus. F. Dictyanthus pavonii. G. Dictyanthus reticulatus. H. Dictyanthus sepicola. I. Dictyanthus tuberosus. Credits: Antonio Reyes (A), Raúl Sánchez (B), Luis Humberto Vicente Rivera (C), Eduardo Magaña (D), Warren Douglas Stevens 1399 (© 1998 Missouri Botanical Garden) (E), Leonardo Alvarado-Cárdenas (F–G), Pablo Carrillo Reyes (H, I).
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus nichongus A. Branch with leaves and inflorescences. B in A remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) restricted to Jalisco, México
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus nichongus A. Branch with leaves and inflorescences. B. Apical view of the flower. C. Fruit. D. Fly visiting the flower. Credits: Antonio Reyes (A, C), Raúl Sánchez (B, D)
FIGURE 2. Dictyanthus nichongus A in A remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) restricted to Jalisco, México
FIGURE 2. Dictyanthus nichongus A. Branch of the inflorescence with peduncle, bracts, pedicels, and flower buds. B. Apical view of the flower. C. Abaxial pubescence of the sepal. D. Abaxial pubescence of the corolla. E. Longitudinal section of the flower. F. Gynostegial corona. G. Pollinarium. Abbreviations: A: anther. Br: bract. FB. Flower bud. GC: gynostegial corona. P. pedicel. Pd. Peduncle S: sepal. Sp: septum. SH: stylar head. US. Union to the stipe of gynostegium. Based on type specimen.
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus stevensii. A in Dictyanthus stevensii (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Dictyanthus stevensii. A. Habit of the plant with inflorescences; B. Flower; C. Corona and gynostegium; D. Pollinarium. A‒D based on Salomón Maya J. 3463 (MEXU) (Illustrated by César Adrián González Martínez).
FIGURE 4 in Dictyanthus stevensii (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Known distribution of Dictyanthus stevensii (black dot), and species morphologically akin, D. eximius (green dots), D. hamatus (red dots), and D. tuberosus (blue dots). State of Oaxaca and location of the priority region (RTP) "Selva Zoque - La Sepultura" in box.
FIGURE 3 in Dictyanthus stevensii (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Morphological comparison of the flower of some species of Dictyanthus related to Dictyanthus stevensii, based on herbarium specimens. A. D. hamatus, Diego 6672 (FCME); B. D. eximius, Stevens 26651 (MEXU); C. D. tuberosus, Pringle 4482 (MEXU); E. D. stevensii, Salomón Maya J. 3463 (MEXU); bar 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Dictyanthus stevensii (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Dictyanthus stevensii. A. Herbarium specimen showing the inflorescences in monochasia and the size of flowers; bar 4 cm; B. Base of the blade abaxially, with three colleters and petiole with mixed indumentum of short straight trichomes and uncinated trichomes; C. Flower. The parallel vertical venation can be observed in the tube of the corolla; bar 2.5 mm; D. Corolla with concentric venation in the limb and reticulated towards the lobes with short straight trichomes on the veins; showing the gynostegium. The corpusculum and the apex of one lobe of the corona are shown exerting the corolla tube; bar 2.5 mm.
Data from: Multilocus phylogenetics of new world milkweed vines (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae)
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FIGURE 3 in Another remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) with a long stylar head from Mexico
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dictyanthus unicornus and morphologically similar species.
Figure 6 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 6 - Detail of flower (adaxial view) of Phaeostemma surinamensis from holotype (Lindeman et al. 654, U).
Figure 5 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 5 - Detail of flower (side view) of Phaeostemma surinamensis from holotype (Lindeman et al. 654, U).
Figure 3 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 3 - Flower of Phaeostemma surinamensis. A Abaxial view showing calyx and abaxial corolla lobes B Side view showing adaxial corolla surface and gynostegial corona C Style-head D Staminal corona (Cs). Based on Lindeman et al. 654 (U).
Figure 4 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 4 - Holotype of Phaeostemma surinamensis (Lindeman et al. 654, U).
Figure 2 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 2 - Flower of Lachnostoma ecuadorensis Morillo (Homeier et al. 1174, QCNE).
Figure 1 from: Krings A, Morillo Pacheco G (2014) A new species and a new combination in Phaeostemma (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). PhytoKeys 33: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.33.6453
Figure 1 - Flower of Phaeostemma fucata (from Steyermark 59963, MO).
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