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31 results for “Graminoids”
Thomas_et_al_2023_[updated]_The_potential_of_hay_for_graminoid_introduction_in_the_restoration_of_subtropical_grasslands_results_from_a_greenhouse_experiment
<p>Data set from a greenhouse experiment where we aimed to assess the effect of three harvest dates of hay and two amounts of dry hay in the emergency of seedlings, to application in ecological restoration of Campos Sulinos grasslands, South Brazil.</p>
Fig. 10. Dendrobium letocartiorum Munzinger & M in Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species
Fig. 10. Dendrobium letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Flower, profile. C. Flower, lateral sepal removed. D. Lateral sepal. E. Dorsal sepal. F. Petal. G. Lip. H. Column. I. Fruit. J. Seed. Scale bar: A = 2 cm, B, I = 1 cm, C–H = 5 mm, J = 40 μm (A. Mouly 99, holotype [P00777176]). Drawing by Dominique Storez.
Fig. 9 in Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species
Fig. 9. Distribution of D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger, sp. nov., based on herbarium specimens (●) and field observations (), 'T' indicates the type collection.
Fig. 5 in Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species
Fig. 5. Stomata (SEM). A–B. Type I: D. camaridiorum Rchb.f. (H.S. MacKee 14228). C. Type I: D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. (M. Pignal 2384). D. Type II: D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. (M. Pignal 2384). E. Type I: D. crassifolium Schltr. (H.S. MacKee 43781). F. Type II: D. crassifolium Schltr. (H.S. MacKee 43781). G. Type II: D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. (H.S. MacKee 37760). H. Type II: D. unicarinatum Kores (H.S. MacKee 36986). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 3 in Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species
Fig. 3. Seeds, opening on the right. A–B. D. camaridiorum Rchb.f. A. LM. B. SEM (H.S. MacKee 14228). C–D. D. butinii M.Pignal & Munzinger sp. nov. C. LM. D. SEM (M. Pignal 2384). E–G. D. letocartiorum Munzinger & M.Pignal sp. nov. E. SEM. F. LM. G. SEM (H.S. MacKee 37760). H–I. D. unicarinatum Kores. H. SEM (H.S. MacKee 36986). I. LM (H.S. MacKee 44925). Scale bars: A–F, H–I = 10 μm; G = 30 μm.
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
<p><span>Aim:</span><span> "Where and why does a species exist" is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the low temperature range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high-elevation habitats across the European Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Location:</span><span> Alpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Taxon:</span><span> Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae), named by the genus name hereafter.</span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> Carex </span><span>and Nardus clearly segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry (pH, C/N-ratio, phosphorus) did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (-13 °C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration less than 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below -5 °C. During the growing season, leaves of Carex had a higher freezing resistance with LT50 of -16.1 °C than those of Nardus with LT50 of -13.3 °C (LT50: lethal temperature for 50% of the tissue). Tetrazolium staining in shoots also revealed a higher freezing resistance in Carex compared to Nardus, and shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex -30 °C, Nardus -24 °C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter. Regrowth after severe frost events requires intact vessels and roots, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.</span></p> <p><span>Main conclusions:</span><span> The cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoid species are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.</span></p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1bef571c-e1cb-4103-be88-1bd0c16e6692">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1bef571c-e1cb-4103-be88-1bd0c16e6692</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1bef571c-e1cb-4103-be88-1bd0c16e6692">https://gbif.org/dataset/1bef571c-e1cb-4103-be88-1bd0c16e6692</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
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Growth data was collected on four graminoid species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic tussock and dry heath tundra 2004, Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Weekly growth of plant species of three growth forms were measured in the ninth year of a long-term experiment at Toolik Field Station. The experimental treatments excluded small and large mammalian herbivores and increased soil nutrients in two arctic Alaskan tundra communities: moist acidic tussock and dry heath. This data set reports the four graminoid (both tussock and rhizomatous forms) species. Please see 2004lggrbnan for Betula nana (dwarf shrub) growth data.
Fig. 1 in Morphological and anatomical investigation of New Caledonian graminoid Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with the description of two new species
Fig. 1. (see full caption on page 5)
Data from: Disentangling evolutionary, environmental and morphological drivers of plant anatomical adaptations to drought and cold in Himalayan graminoids
Understanding what determine plants ability to survive drought and cold is crucial for predicting how plants may respond to ongoing climate change. Plant survival strategies are usually characterized by morphological and physiological adaptations, while their underlying anatomical settings are largely unknown. Woody angiosperms and herbaceous dicots have repeatedly evolved small water transporting conduits and large storage parenchyma tissues at colder or drier places to cope with freezing- and drought-induced damages. However, whether these adaptations are also valid for graminoids remains unclear. Here we show that stem anatomical variations in grasses, sedges and rushes dominating in western Himalayan grasslands are driven by elevation and soil moisture via control over aboveground plant stature and belowground clonal growth, while phylogenetic constraints have only a weak effect. Phylogenetic comparative analyses controlling for confounding factors showed that the elevation-related cooling controls the conductive system through reduced vessel diameter and extended assimilatory and storage tissues with more chlorenchyma and less sclerenchyma around vessels. The soil moisture deficit, on the other hand, determines stabilization structures by promoting short-rhizomatous turf graminoids with hollow stems, thicker epidermis and deep adventitious roots in dry steppes and semi-deserts. Saline wetlands and moist alpine pastures promote long-rhizomatous short-stature plants with lower need for mechanical support (absence of hollow stem) and exposure to high evaporative forcing (thinner epidermis). Observed trends of decreasing vessel sizes and lignification rate with elevation supports the existing knowledge that narrower vessels and extensive parenchyma assist plants to grow in cold environments by avoiding freezing-induced cavitation. Our results bring novel information on ecological drivers influencing the evolution of anatomical adaptations in high mountain graminoids. Distinct grassland types, covering elevations from 2650 to 6150 m, harbor unrelated species with different evolutionary histories that have converged towards similar anatomical structures.
Data from: Cascading effects of earthworm invasion in tundra increase graminoid density and rodent grazing intensities
<p>Earthworms are being introduced to numerous ecosystems through human activities. Some non-native earthworm species have the potential to 'geoengineer' soils and increase plant nitrogen (N) uptake, but if the increased plant N concentrations can cause increased rodent grazing is not well known. In this study, we present findings from a common garden experiment with two tundra communities, meadow (forb dominated) and heath (shrub dominated), half of them subjected to four years of earthworm presence (<em>Lumbricus</em> spp. and <em>Aporrectodea</em> spp.). Within four summers, our earthworm treatment changed plant community composition by increasing graminoid density by on average 94 % in the heath vegetation and by 49 % in the meadow. Rodent winter grazing were more intense on plants growing in soils with earthworms, an effect that coincided with higher nitrogen concentrations in plants indicating a higher palatability. Moreover, although the earthworms decreased soil moisture, our proxy for plant community photosynthesis (greenness) was not negatively affected. We conclude that earthworm-induced changes in plant composition and trophic interactions may radically alter the functioning of tundra ecosystems.</p>
Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
<p>1. One metric of peatland restoration success is the re-establishment of a carbon sink, yet considerable uncertainty remains around the timescale of carbon sink trajectories. Conditions post-restoration may promote the establishment of vascular plants such as graminoids, often at greater density than would be found in undisturbed peatlands, with consequences for carbon storage. Although graminoid species are often considered as a single plant functional type (PFT) in land-atmosphere models, our understanding of functional variation among graminoid species is limited, particularly in a restoration context.</p> <p>2. We used a traits-based approach to evaluate graminoid functional variation and to assess whether different graminoid species should be considered a single PFT or multiple types. We tested hypotheses that greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>) would vary due to differences in plant traits among five graminoid species in a restored peatland in central Alberta, Canada. We further hypothesized that species would form two functionally distinct groupings based on taxonomy (grass, sedge).</p> <p>3. Differences in gas fluxes among species were primarily driven by variation in leaf physiology related to photosynthetic efficiency and resource-use, and secondarily by plant size. Multivariate analyses did not reveal distinct functional groupings based on taxonomy or environmental preferences. Rather, we identified functional groups defined by plant traits and carbon fluxes that are consistent with ecological strategies related to differences in growth rate, resource-acquisition, and leaf economics, representing plants with either a strategy to grow quickly and invest in resource capture or to prioritize structural investment and resource conservation. These functional groups displayed larger average carbon fluxes compared to graminoid PFTs currently used in modeling.</p> <p>4. Existing PFT designations in peatland models may be more appropriate for pristine or high-latitude systems than those under restoration. Although replacing PFTs with plant traits remains a challenge in peatlands, traits related to leaf physiology and growth rate strategies offer a promising avenue for future applications.</p>
Data from: Disentangling evolutionary, environmental and morphological drivers of plant anatomical adaptations to drought and cold in Himalayan graminoids
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Graminoids vary in functional traits, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a restored peatland: implications for modeling carbon storage
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Data from: Forbs in Viking lands: The effect of disturbing dominant graminoids on recruitment in tundra grasslands
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Effects of an invasive top predator on Ecosystem structure and function in a Graminoid Marsh food web
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Data from: Cascading effects of earthworm invasion in tundra increase graminoid density and rodent grazing intensities
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FIGURE. Graminoid vegetation with Festuca elegans in a matrix of spring-flowering Erinacea anthyllis subsp. anthyllis cushion scrub in the upper summits of the Rondeño sector. At the bottom, the peak La Torrecilla (1,918 m). (Photo authors). in Vascular flora of the Sierra de las Nieves National Park and its surroundings (Andalusia, Spain)
FIGURE. Graminoid vegetation with Festuca elegans in a matrix of spring-flowering Erinacea anthyllis subsp. anthyllis cushion scrub in the upper summits of the Rondeño sector. At the bottom, the peak La Torrecilla (1,918 m). (Photo authors).
Dominant native and non-native graminoids differ in key leaf traits irrespective of nutrient availability
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