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88 results for “Grassland Ecosystem”
Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
EDGE is located at six grassland sites that encompass a range of ecosystems in the Central US - from desert grasslands to short-, mixed-, and tallgrass prairie. We envision EDGE as a research platform that will not only advance our understanding of patterns and mechanisms of ecosystem sensitivity to climate change, but also will benefit the broader scientific community. Identical infrastructure for manipulating growing season precipitation will be deployed at all sites. Within the relatively large treatment plots (36 m2), we will measure with comparable methods, a broad spectrum of ecological responses particularly related to the interaction between carbon fluxes (NPP, soil respiration) and species response traits, as well as environmental parameters that are critical for the integrated experiment-modeling framework, as well as for site-based analyses. By designing EDGE as a research platform open to the broader scientific community, with subplots in all replicates (n = 180 plots) set-aside for additional studies, and by making data available to the broader ecological community EDGE will have value beyond what we envision here.
Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots collected in SEV297, "Extreme Drought in Grassland Ecosystems (EDGE) Net Primary Production Quadrat Data" and regressions correlating biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
Net Ecosystem Exchange, Ecosystem Respiration and meteoclimatic data of Alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy 2017-2023
<p>This dataset presents georeferenced measurements collected at the Nivolet Plain in Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP), western Italian Alps. The dataset includes the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Ecosystem Respiration (ER) and meteo-climatic variables, i.e. air and soil temperature, air relative humidity, soil volumetric water content, atmospheric pressure and solar irradiance. The measurements were conducted between 2017 and 2023 at five different sites at an elevation of approximately 2550-2750 meters a.s.l.</p> <p>To estimate NEE and ER, we employed the flux chamber method, measuring the temporal variation of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration inside the chamber over a period of about 90 seconds. We used a customized portable non-steady-state dynamic flux chamber, paired with an InfraRed Gas Analyzer (IRGA) and a portable weather station. Measurements were taken at around 20 points per site during the snow-free season, spanning from June to October.</p> <p>The dataset is provided in a comma-separated text file (.csv) format. Each record corresponds to a single measurement point, with semicolons used as separators. The "NA" notation indicates values that are not available or have been excluded during quality control processes (e.g., due to battery failure). We use point as decimal separator.</p> <p>The sign convention for the fluxes is: a negative value indicates a CO2 flux from the atmosphere to the ecosystem, while a positive value represents a CO2 flux from the soil/ecosystem to the atmosphere. Consequently, ER values are positive, while NEE values can be positive or negative. The units for NEE and ER fluxes are molCO2 m-2 day-1 and μmolCO2 m-2 second-1. The first values in each record of the dataset indicate the observation details (sampling date, site, etc.), followed by the corresponding measured or calculated variables. NEE and ER values were estimated from the slope of the linear regression of CO2 concentration over time (ppm s-1) using a laboratory calibration curve.</p> <p>The calibration curve was created by relating known and pre-set CO2 fluxes (within the range expected in the field) with the corresponding measured slopes. The flux values were then scaled up based on the area of the chamber base (0.036 m2) and adjusted using the ratio of atmospheric pressure and air temperature during the measurement to those recorded during the calibration in the laboratory.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.5 Tropical alpine grasslands and herbfields
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.5 Tropical alpine grasslands and herbfields</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T6.4 Temperate alpine grasslands and shrublands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T6.4 Temperate alpine grasslands and shrublands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group MT2.1 Coastal shrublands and grasslands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>MT2.1 Coastal shrublands and grasslands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Raw Data and Scripts for manuscript submitted to Oikos as 'Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in a Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems'
<p>Raw Data and Scripts for manuscript submitted to PCI as 'Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems'</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2020 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2020 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2021 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2021 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
Net primary production (NPP) and climate data from Sevilleta LTER core and control sites in desert grassland and shrubland ecosystems, 1999 - 2017
This dataset and R code were used to create the figures, tables and statistical analyses for the following publication: Rudgers, JA et al. 2018. Climate sensitivity functions and net primary production: A framework for incorporating climate mean and variability. Ecology. Data were collected by the Sevilleta LTER program, which is located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), New Mexico. These are long-term, continuing data sets. Data collection started in 1999 at the black grama grassland and creosote shrubland, and in 2002 for blue grama grassland. Meteorological stations started recording data as early as 1989. The study abstract from Rudgers et al. 2018 is: Understanding controls on net primary production (NPP) has been a long-standing goal in ecology. Climate is a well-known control on NPP, although the temporal differences among years within a site are often weaker than the spatial pattern of differences across sites. Climate sensitivity functions describe the relationship between an ecological response (e.g., NPP) and both the mean and variance of its climate driver (e.g., aridity index), providing a novel framework for understanding how climate trends in both mean and variance vary with NPP over time. Nonlinearities in these functions predict whether an increase in climate variance will have a positive effect (convex nonlinearity) or negative effect (concave nonlinearity) on NPP. The influence of climate variance may be particularly intense at ecosystem transition zones, if species reach physiological thresholds that create nonlinearities at these ecotones. Long-term data collected at the confluence of three dryland ecosystems in central New Mexico revealed that each ecosystem exhibited a unique climate sensitivity function that was consistent with long-term vegetation change occurring at their ecotones. Our analysis suggests that rising temperatures in drylands could alter the nonlinearities that determine the relative costs and benefits of varia
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T4.5 Temperate subhumid grasslands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T4.5 Temperate subhumid grasslands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.1). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) and Keith <em>et al.</em> (2022) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Fig. 4 in Respiration Co And N O Emission From Grassland Ecosystems
Fig. 4. Ecosystems respiration CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from grasslands and different crops in July.
Data on: Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
<p>Data correspond to mean daytime net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) obtained through the eddy covariance method along six years from 2011 to 2016 (For more details of data see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004799">https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004799</a>).</p> <p>Database contain changes of daytime NEE after a precipitation event (difference between previous day and the day after a precipitation event). Moreover, environmental and soil variables are included: 1) daily mean, previous and the change of soil water content at 2.5 and 15 cm depth, 2) previous NEE rate, 3) change of photosynthetic photon flux density, and 4) air temperature.</p> <p>Data was used to test the effect of environmental and soil variables on the daytime net ecosystem exchange. We was interested in short-term effects, i.e. the priming effect or the Birch effect.</p> <p>Manuscript where this database was used is under review.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Ecosystem carbon exchange on conversion of Conservation Reserve Program grasslands to annual and perennial cropping systems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Biotic and abiotic composition of biological soil crusts in grassland and tarbush ecosystems at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2017-2018
This data package contains data on biotic and abiotic composition of biological soil crusts at grassland and shrubland sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) of three types, cyanolichen, dark algal, and light algal, were collected during the summer 2017, fall 2017, and spring 2018 seasons to discern differences between two vegetation states (grass and tarbush). A total of 51 biocrusts were collected from 3 tarbush sites and 3 grass sites. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to characterize the microfloral community, while a modified extraction method was employed to observe direct counts of microfauna (multicellular microbes and protists). Soil chemical analysis was also used to obtain nutrient concentrations of each biocrust. Data include microfauna counts, microflora biomass, and soil nutrient composition. This study is complete.
Drought Impact on Desert Ecosystems, Drought Network precipitation manipulation experiment in desert grasslands
Climate change amplifies the global water cycle, making droughts more frequent and more severe. The hot deserts of the U.S. rely on the stability and frequency of water availability in order to sustain biological communities, making these ecosystems incredibly vulnerable to anticipated alterations in the water cycle. This project seeks to understand which biotic and abiotic variables are principle in determining desert ecosystem sensitivity to drought? To answer these questions, we have installed a drought manipulation that will simulate an extreme drought event by reducing annual precipitation by 66% in seven desert sites. Plant abundance data are collected annually to track changes in the plant community. Data collection began in Spring 2018. Treatments at three Sevilleta sites began in Fall 2018 after data collection in October 2018. Treatments started at four sites in Arizona and California in March and April of 2019 and spring pretreatment data collection. The treatments will last for four years.
Gross primary production responses to warming, elevated CO2 , and irrigation: quantifying the drivers of ecosystem physiology in a semiarid grassland
<p>Determining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a future climate of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) and warming requires accurate quantification of gross primary production (GPP), the largest flux of C in the global C cycle. We evaluated 6 years (2007–2012) of flux‐derived GPP data from the Prairie Heating and CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA. The GPP data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems. The model was extended by modeling maximum photosynthetic rate (<i>A</i><sub>max</sub>) and light‐use efficiency (<i>Q</i>) as functions of soil water, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, vegetation greenness, and nitrogen at current and antecedent (past) timescales. The model fits the observed GPP well (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.79), which was confirmed by other model performance checks that compared different variants of the model (e.g. with and without antecedent effects). Stimulation of cumulative 6‐year GPP by warming (29%, <i>P</i> = 0.02) and eCO<sub>2</sub> (26%, <i>P</i> = 0.07) was primarily driven by enhanced C uptake during spring (129%, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and fall (124%, <i>P</i> = 0.001), respectively, which was consistent across years. Antecedent air temperature (Tair<sub>ant</sub>) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD<sub>ant</sub>) effects on <i>A</i><sub>max</sub> (over the past 3–4 days and 1–3 days, respectively) were the most significant predictors of temporal variability in GPP among most treatments. The importance of VPD<sub>ant</sub> suggests that atmospheric drought is important for predicting GPP under current and future climate; we highlight the need for experimental studies to identify the mechanisms underlying such antecedent effects. Finally, posterior estimates of cumulative GPP under control and eCO<sub>2</sub> treatments were tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The narrow uncertainties of these data‐driven GPP estimates suggest that they could be useful semi‐independent data streams for validating TBMs.</p>
Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems
<p> </p> <p>Aim: Livestock grazing can alter carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting the C:N:P stoichiometry in grasslands. In this study, we aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms for the impacts of grazing intensity on grassland C:N:P stoichiometry, especially for the belowground processes and their linkages with aboveground vegetation properties.<br> Location: Global.<br> Time period: 1900-2018.<br> Major taxa studied: Grassland ecosystems.<br> Methods: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 129 published studies to synthesize the effects of grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves, stems, litter, roots, microbial biomass, and soil in grassland ecosystems.<br> Results: Grazing significantly affected the C, N and P pools, and then the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems. Grazing effects on C:N:P stoichiometry varied strongly with grazing intensity. Specifically, heavy grazing decreased all C:N:P stoichiometry except litter N:P and root C:N ratios, while light and moderate grazing exhibited the less negative or positive effects. Grazing effects on litter C:N ratio were negatively correlated with grazing effects on soil C:N ratios under light and moderate grazing, but this relationship was positive under heavy grazing. In contrast, the correlation between grazing effect on root C:P and soil C:P was positive under light and moderate grazing but negative under heavy grazing. Importantly, grazing significantly decreased soil N pool by 10.0% but increased P pools by 3.6%, indicating differential mechanisms for grazing impact on N and P cycles in grasslands.<br> Main conclusions: The divergent effects of light, moderate, and heavy grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry highlight the importance of grazing intensity in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P by accelerating plant nutrient use efficiency and inducing changes in soil physicochemical processes in grassland ecosystems. Therefore, incorporating grazing intensity into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate-grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</p>
Data from: Legacy effects of land use on soil nitrous oxide emissions in annual crop and perennial grassland ecosystems
Land use conversions into and out of agriculture may influence soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes for many years. We tested the legacy effects of land use on cumulative soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes for five years following conversion of 22 year-old Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands and conventionally tilled agricultural fields (AGR) to continuous no-till corn, switchgrass, and restored prairie. An unconverted CRP field served as a reference. We assessed the labile soil C pool of the upper 10 cm in 2009 (the conversion year) and in 2014 using short-term soil incubations. We also measured in situ soil N2O fluxes biweekly from 2009 through 2014 using static chambers except when soils were frozen. The labile C pool was ~2-fold higher in soils previously in CRP than in those formerly in tilled cropland. Five-year cumulative soil N2O emissions were ~3-fold higher in the corn system on former CRP than on former cropland despite similar fertilization rates (~184 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The lower cumulative emissions from corn on former cropland were similar to emissions from switchgrass that was fertilized less (~57 kg N ha-1 yr-1), regardless of former land use, and lowest emissions were observed from the unfertilized restored prairie and reference systems. Findings support the hypothesis that soil labile carbon levels modulate the response of soil N2O emissions to nitrogen inputs, with soils higher in labile carbon but otherwise similar – in this case reflecting land use history – responding more strongly to added nitrogen.
Data - Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest
<p>Data set and analyse used in the manuscript title "Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest". In this study we <span>quantify the relative contribution of ants, non-ant invertebrates and vertebrates in scavenging nitrogen-rich (insect carcasses) and carbon-rich (seeds) baits in two contrasting mountainous habitats in Brazil (grasslands and forests). Testing the folowing predictions </span><span> (1) baits are more likely to be removed from the forest floor than grassland due to higher plant biomass in forest than in savannas <span>(Miranda et al. 2014)</span>, which could indicate a higher animal biomass in the forest. However, (2) ants would have higher relative importance in scavenging in open habitats (grasslands) than in closed (forests) because in open habitats, ants have higher activity <span>(Bucy and Breed 2006)</span>, richness <span>(Castro et al. 2020)</span>, and there are more dominant species <span>(Andersen 2019)</span>. (3) The role of ants in scavenging is not compensated for by other taxa when ants are absent. Finally, (4) the removal rates of animal-based baits on the ground are higher than seed baits in both environments, since animal resources are more limiting than plant resource in most habitats<span> (Kaspari and Yanoviak 2001, Bar-On et al. 2018)</span>.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.