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43 results for “Habronattus”
Data from: Variation in activity rates may explain sex-specific dorsal color patterns in Habronattus jumping spiders
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High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm contemporary contact zones provide first-hand and complementary insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The <em>Habronattus</em> <em>americanus</em> subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 years, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving <em>H. americanus</em> (Keyserling, 1885) and <em>H. kubai</em> (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, California, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.</p>
Data from: Prey colour biases in jumping spiders (Habronattus brunneus) differ across populations
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Data from: Frequent misdirected courtship in a natural community of colorful Habronattus jumping spiders
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Males respond to substrate-borne, not airborne, female chemical cues in the jumping spider, Habronattus pyrrithrix
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Males discriminate between substrate-borne cues of conspecific females based on age and mating status in the jumping spider, Habronattus brunneus
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High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
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Fig. 81. Habronattus encantadas Griswold, 1987. A-B, male left palp. A, ventral view. B in Updated checklist, origin, distribution, literature and genital drawings of the spiders of the Galápagos Islands
Fig. 81. Habronattus encantadas Griswold, 1987. A-B, male left palp. A, ventral view. B, retrolateral view. © M. Berthet.
Data from: Multiple origins of sex chromosome fusions correlated with chiasma localization in Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
Entelegyne spiders rarely show fusions yielding neo-Y chromosomes, which M. J. D. White attributed to a constraint in spiders, namely their proximal chiasma localization acting to upset meiotic segregation in males with fusions. Of the 75 taxa of Habronattus and outgroups studied, 47 have X1X20 sex chromosomes in males, 10 have X1X2Y, 15 have X1X2X3Y, 2 have X0, and one has both X1X20 and X1X2X3Y. Chromosome numbers and behavior suggest neo-Ys formed by an autosome-X fusion to make X1X2Y, with a second fusion to an autosome to make X1X2X3Y. Phylogeny shows at least 8-15 gains (or possibly some losses) of neo-Y (i.e. X-autosome fusions), a remarkable number for such a small clade. In contrast to the many X-autosome fusions, at most one autosome-autosome fusion is indicated. Origins of neo-Y are correlated significantly with distal localization of chiasmata, supporting White's hypothesis that evolution of neo-Y systems is facilitated by looser pairing (distal chiasmata) at meiosis. However, an alternative (or contributing) explanation for the correlation is that X-autosome fusions were selected to permit isolation of male-favored alleles to the neo-Y chromosome, aided by distal chiasmata limiting recombination. This intralocus sexual conflict hypothesis could explain both the many X-autosome fusions, and the stunning complexity of male Habronattus courtship displays.
Lack of neophobic responses to color in a jumping spider that uses color cues when foraging (Habronattus pyrrithrix)
<p>Chemically defended prey often advertise their toxins with bright and conspicuous colors. To understand why such colors are effective at reducing predation, we need to understand the psychology of key predators. In bird predators, there is evidence that individuals avoid novelty - including prey of novel colors (with which they have had no prior experience). Moreover, the effect of novelty is strongest for colors that are typically associated with aposematic prey (e.g., red, orange, yellow). Given these findings in the bird literature, color neophobia has been argued to be a driving force in the evolution of aposematism. However, no studies have yet asked whether invertebrate predators respond similarly to novel colors. Here, we tested whether naive lab-raised jumping spiders (<i>Habronattus pyrrithrix</i>) exhibit similar patterns of color neophobia to birds. Using color-manipulated living prey, we first color-exposed spiders to prey of two out of three colors (blue, green, or red), with the third color remaining novel. After this color exposure phase, we gave the spiders tests where they could choose between all three colors (two familiar, one novel). We found that <i>H. pyrrithrix</i> attacked novel and familiar-colored prey at equal rates with no evidence that the degree of neophobia varied by color. Moreover, we found no evidence that either prey novelty or color (nor their interaction) had an effect on which color first caught the spiders' attention. We discuss these findings in the context of what is known about color neophobia in other animals and how this contributes to our understanding of aposematic signals.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 3. Bayesian majority-rule consensus phylogram resulting from the three partitions analysis. Branch lengths are averaged from across the posterior distribution (post burn-in), and drawn proportional to this average length (an exception is the branch leading to "right hand" clades – this branch is less than one scale unit in length). Clade designations follow those described in text. Asterisks denote posterior probability values> 0.95, although these are not shown for tip clades involving only two haplotypes. Haplotypes derived from different species are represented by different colours; focal site haplotypes are named by location and bolded.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 5. Neighbor-net haplotype networks. Filled circles denote interior nodes with extant haplotypes. Clade designations follow those described in text. Haplotypes derived from different species are represented by different colours; focal site haplotypes are named by location and bolded. Dashed lines are used for graphical purposes only, linking haplotypes with interior nodes. Networks are drawn at different mutational scales – maximum pairwise observed differences as follows: A Interior amicus II (22), B Interior amicus I (18), C southern II derived (3).
FIGURE 1 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 1. Distribution of H. amicus group members in western North America. Collection localities are designated by location numbers, corresponding to those found in the Appendix. Sites 60–62 are found further south in Baja California than portrayed on the map. Different species are represented by different colours, except for the OR focal sites where H. amicus and H. ustulatus occur in syntopy. Inset shows the relative locations of OR focal sites (16=Alkali Lake, 17=Fossil Lake, 18=Summer Lake).
FIGURE 7 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 7. Habitat use by H. amicus and H. ustulatus at OR focal sites. Pie charts depict the proportion of times a member of a species was collected on each of the available substrate types. Mantel R values as follows: Alkali Lake (R = 0.439, P = 0.001), Fossil Lake (R = 0.825, P = 0.001), Summer Lake (R = 0.079, P = 0.105).
FIGURE 4 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 4. Summary diagram of phylogeny plus phylogeographic clade distributions. For the tree diagram, haplotypes derived from different species are represented by different colours. Clade designations follow those described in text.
FIGURE 6 in Phylogeography of the Habronattus amicus species complex (Araneae: Salticidae) of western North America, with evidence for localized asymmetrical mitochondrial introgression
FIGURE 6. Bivariate scattergram of carapace width (CW) versus length of the first tibia (ITL) for male and female H. amicus and H. ustulatus specimens from OR focal sites. All measurements are in millimeters.
Data from: Multiple origins of sex chromosome fusions correlated with chiasma localization in Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
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Data from: Phylogeny with introgression in Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
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Lack of neophobic responses to color in a jumping spider that uses color cues when foraging (Habronattus pyrrithrix)
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Evolutionary divergences mirror Pleistocene paleodrainages in a rapidly-evolving complex of oasis-dwelling jumping spiders (Salticidae, Habronattus tarsalis)
<p>We aimed to understand the diversification history of jumping spiders in the <i>Habronattus tarsalis</i> species complex, with particular emphasis on how history in this system might illuminate biogeographic patterns and processes in deserts of the western United States. Desert populations of <i>H. tarsalis</i> are now confined to highly discontinuous oasis-like habitats, but these habitats would have been periodically more connected during multiple pluvial periods of the Pleistocene. We estimated divergence times using relaxed molecular clock analyses of published transcriptome datasets. Geographic patterns of diversification history were assessed using phylogenetic and cluster analyses of original sequence capture, RADSeq and morphological data. Clock analyses of multiple replicate transcriptome datasets indicate mid- to late-Pleistocene divergence dates within the <i>H. tarsalis</i> group complex. Coalescent and concatenated phylogenetic analyses <span><span>indicate</span></span><span> </span>four early-diverging lineages (<i>H. mustaciata</i>, <i>H. ophrys</i>, and <i>H. tarsalis</i> from the Lahontan and Owens drainage basins), with remaining samples separated into larger clades from the Mojave desert, and western populations from the California Floristic Province of California and northern Baja California. Focusing on desert populations, there is a strong correspondence between RAD lineages and modern and/or paleodrainages, mirrored more finely in STRUCTURE and machine learning results. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis reveals a strong congruence between morphological clusters and genetic lineages, whether the latter represent previously described species or <i>H.tarsalis </i>RAD lineages. Here we have uncovered a system that adds to our regional biogeographic knowledge in unique ways, using multiple types of evidence in a broadly-distributed terrestrial taxon. At the same time, we have discovered rapid evolution of both novel morphological forms and diverging genetic lineages. The hierarchical nature of variation in the <i>H. tarsalis</i> complex, the minute range sizes of many forms, the high likelihood that geographic distributions have shrunk and expanded through time, and signs of introgression all align with an ephemeral speciation model.</p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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