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Data for article "Haemosporidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) of breeding Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in Latvia"

<p><span>The archive contains data file to reproduce the results presented in the paper “Haemosporidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) of breeding Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in Latvia” published in Wildlife Biology. Age codes of individual birds within the csv file are given according to EURING.</span></p>

Figure 3. Haemoproteus multivacuolatus n in Novel phylogenetic clade of avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) from Accipitridae raptors, with description of a new Haemoproteus species

Figure 3. Haemoproteus multivacuolatus n. sp. (lineage hBUBT1) from the blood of the Common buzzard Buteo buteo: a–d – young gametocytes, e–h – macrogametocytes, i–p – microgametocytes. Long simple arrows – nuclei of parasites. Short simple arrows – vacuoles. Simple arrowhead – pigment granules. Triangle arrowheads – volutin granules. Note that due to marked vacuolisation, the cytoplasm of macrogametocytes stains relatively pale and looks similar to microgametocytes based on the intensity of staining. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm. All images were from the hapantotype preparation.

Figure 2 in Novel phylogenetic clade of avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) from Accipitridae raptors, with description of a new Haemoproteus species

Figure 2. Haemoproteus nisi (lineage hCIAE08) from the blood of Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus: a – young gametocytes, b–h – macrogametocytes, i–l – microgametocytes. Long simple arrows – nuclei of parasites. Short simple arrows – vacuoles. Simple arrowhead – pigment granules. Triangle arrowheads – clamps of volutin. Simple wide long arrows – spaces between gametocytes and erythrocyte nuclei. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure 1 in Novel phylogenetic clade of avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) from Accipitridae raptors, with description of a new Haemoproteus species

Figure 1. Haemoproteus nisi (lineage hACCNIS08) from the blood of Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus: a–d – macrogametocytes, e–h – microgametocytes. Long simple arrows – nuclei of parasites. Short simple arrows – vacuoles. Simple arrowhead – pigment granules. Triangle arrowheads – volutin granules. Simple wide long arrows – spaces between gametocytes and erythrocyte nuclei. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure 5. Bayesian Inference tree calculated with complete cox1 in Novel phylogenetic clade of avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) from Accipitridae raptors, with description of a new Haemoproteus species

Figure 5. Bayesian Inference tree calculated with complete cox1 (1428 bp), cox3 (753 bp), and cytb (1127 bp) sequences of haemosporidian parasites and Klossiella equi (MH203050) and Klossia razorbacki (MT084562) as the outgroup. Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values are indicated at most nodes. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site according to the model of sequence evolution applied.

Figure 4 in Novel phylogenetic clade of avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) from Accipitridae raptors, with description of a new Haemoproteus species

Figure 4. Median-Joining DNA haplotype network showing the host and geographic distribution of six Haemoproteus nisi group lineages (478 bp cytb sequences) found in accipitriform raptors from Austria and France.

Fig. 4 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 4. Comparison of fully grown gametocytes of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) from the blood of Curruca communis (A, B), Haemoproteus sittae (unknown lineage) from the blood of Sittae europaea (C, D) and Haemoproteus dolniki (unknown lineage) from the blood of Fringilla coelebs (E, F). Note: the elongate and markedly attenuated nuclei of infected erythrocytes containing advanced gametocytes of the new species (A, B), which is not the case in other Haemoproteus parasites (C–F). All images are from type specimens of these species. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 2. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 7 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 7. High gametocytaemia of Haemoproteus palloris (lineage hWW1) from the blood of a willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. Note that young gametocytes are absent, and the parasitaemia consists exclusively of mature fully grown macro- and microgametocytes, indicating a synchronous parasite development and probable absence of recent maturation of tissue meronts, which are the only source of merozoites for young gametocyte development during Haemoproteus infections. Triangle arrowhead – macrogametocytes; triangle wide arrowheads – microgametocytes. Long arrows – parasite nuclei. Giemsa-stained preparations. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 2 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 2. Gametocytes of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) from the blood of its type host, the common whitethroat Curruca communis: A-H – macrogametocytes, I-L – microgametocytes. Note: the markedly attenuated width of infected erythrocytes (D–G) containing advanced gametocytes, compared to uninfected erythrocytes, and the presence of predominantly oval or elongate pigment granules in fully grown gametocytes (F–H, J-L). All images are from the hapantotype. Long arrows – parasite nuclei. Short arrows – vacuoles. Arrowheads – pigment granules. Short simple wide arrow – nucleolus. Long triangle wide arrows – unfilled spaces between erythrocyte nuclei and gametocytes. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 6 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 6. Bayesian Inference tree (A) based on partial (478 bp) cytb sequences of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and the 20 closest related Haemoproteus lineages. Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values were indicated above and below nodes, respectively. For each lineage, representative GenBank accession numbers and MalAvi lineage codes (if available) are indicated as well as the most common bird host. The scale bar indicates the expected mean number of substitutions per site according to the model of sequence evolution applied. Images B and C show the Median-Joining DNA haplotype network of partial (478 bp) cytb sequences of H. angustus hCWT7 and the 20 closest related Haemoproteus lineages. The upper image (B) shows the host distribution, and the lower image (C) depicts the geographic distribution according to the United Nations geoscheme. Each circle represents a unique haplotype/lineage. The frequency of each lineage is indicated for all haplotypes with more than one record and roughly corresponds to the size of circles. Bars on branches indicate the number of substitutions between two haplotypes. Small white circles represent median vectors, which are hypothetical (often ancestral or unsampled) sequences required to connect existing haplotypes with maximum parsimony.

Fig. 3 in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 3. Comparison of fully grown gametocytes of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) from the blood of Curruca communis (A–D), H. belopolskyi (lineage hHIICT1) from the blood of Hippolais icterina (E–H) as well as H. parabelopolskyi (hSYAT2) (I–L), H. pallidulus (hSYAT3) (M–P), H. homogeneae (hSYAT16) (Q–T) and H. majoris (hWW2) (U–X) from the blood of Sylvia atricapilla. Note: the markedly attenuated gametocytes of the new species (A–D), which are not present in other Haemoproteus parasites (E–X); the fully grown gametocytes of H. belopolskyi (F, H) and H. parabelopolskyi (J, L) are bigger than those of H. angustus n. sp.; the pigment granules are predominantly roundish and small in H. pallidulus (M–P); the fully grown gametocytes are small and do not reach poles of infected erythrocytes in H. homogeneae (R, T); the erythrocyte nuclei are displaced laterally by H. majoris (V, X) – all these feature are not characteristic of H. angustus sp. nov. Symbols are the same as in Fig. 2. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree constructed using partial cytochrome b in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree constructed using partial cytochrome b sequences of 61 lineages of Haemoproteus, 4 lineages of Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon sp. lSISKIN2 as outgroup. Posterior probabilities higher than 0.8 are indicated close to the respective nodes. Red font indicates the parasite lineage described in this publication. Vertical bars (A–D) show groups of closely related lineages, which complete development and produce gametocytes only in non-passerines (A, D), both non-passerines and passerines (B), and only passerines (C). Blue font indicates Haemoproteus species, which develop in non-passerine avian hosts, which are indicated by symbols (● – Psittaciformes; ∎ - Coraciiformes; ▴ - Strigiformes; ◆ - Anseriformes; ★ - Charadriiformes; ♥ - Pelecaniformes; ⋄ - Piciformes; ⊠ - Sphenisciformes; Ω - Musophagiformes; § - Trochiliformes; Ψ – Falconiformes; Σ – Columbiformes; Φ - Galliformes). Lineage names were provided (according to MalAvi database), followed by parasite species names and sequence GenBank accession numbers.

Fig. 5. Haemoproteus angustus n in Unexpected absence of exo-erythrocytic merogony during high gametocytaemia in two species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), including description of Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) and a report of previously unknown residual bodies during in vitro gametogenesis

Fig. 5. Haemoproteus angustus n. sp. (lineage hCWT7) gametogenesis (A–H) and ookinete development (I–L) in vitro: A, B – initial stages of rounding up of gametocytes after the exposure of infected blood to air; C, E – rounded up macrogametocyte (C) and microgametocyte (E); F – the exflagellation; G – microgamete; H – fertilization; I – initial stage of ookinete development; J – medium differentiated ookinete; K – nearly mature ookinete with a residual body; L – mature ookinete without residual body. Note: the presence of several small residual bodies in erythrocytes containing gametocytes, which were preparing to escape from infected erythrocytes (A-C, E) – a unique character of this species during the initial stage of gametogenesis. Short triangle wide arrows – residual bodies; triangle arrowhead – macrogamete; triangle wide arrowheads – microgametes; short barbed arrows – finger-like outgrowth; long barbed arrows – apical end of developing ookinete; simple wide arrowhead – residual body of ookinete. Other symbols as in Fig. 2. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 µm.

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Fig. 2 in Haemoproteosis lethality in a woodpecker, with molecular and morphological characterization of Haemoproteus velans (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae)

Fig. 2. Skeletal muscle tissue showing megalomeronts of Haemoproteus velans. Note numerous developing cytomeres (arrowhead) and capsular-like wall around the parasite (arrow). Magnification x20.

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Fig. 3 in Exo-erythrocytic development of Leucocytozoon parasites (Haemosporida, Leucocytozoidae) in song thrushes Turdus philomelos

Fig. 3. Tissue and blood stages of Leucocytozoon parasites in naturally infected song thrushes Turdus philomelos (individual no. 4, cytochrome b lineage lSTUR1), found in hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained (a-g, i), chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) treated (h and inserts a-c, e, i) histological sections. Early (a), advanced (b, c) and mature (d) meronts in the kidneys. Megalomeront-like structure (e-h) located close to a heart blood vessel (white asterisk) within the fat tissue (black asterisk). Leucocytozoon gametocytes in the kidneys (i). Simple black arrowheads: meronts. Simple white arrowhead: cytomeres (visible as darker stained nuclei surrounded by lighter stained clefts). Black triangle arrowhead: megalomeront-like structure. Short black triangle arrow: capsule-like wall. Short white triangle arrow: host cell nucleus in the capsule-like wall. Short simple white arrows: nuclei of infected host cells. Simple thin black arrows: gametocytes. Scale bars 20 μm, unless indicated otherwise.

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Fig. 2 in Exo-erythrocytic development of Leucocytozoon parasites (Haemosporida, Leucocytozoidae) in song thrushes Turdus philomelos

Fig. 2. Tissue stages of Leucocytozoon parasites in naturally infected song thrushes Turdus philomelos, found in hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained (a, b, e, f) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) treated (insert in b, and c, d) histological sections. Early meronts in the kidneys of individual no. 1 (cytochrome b lineage lTUPHI14) (a), and advanced meronts in the kidneys of individual no. 2 (lSTUR1) (b) and no. 5 (co-infection of lSTUR1 and lTUPHI13) (e, f). Meronts labelled by a Leucocytozoon-specific (Leuco18S) probe in the kidneys (insert b), and lungs of individual no. 2 (lSTUR1) (c) and individual no. 3 (lSTUR1) (d). Tissue stage developing in the Bowman capsule of a renal corpuscle (e). Leucocytozoon blood stage labelled by a Leucocytozoon-specific probe (c). Simple black arrowheads: meronts. Simple white arrowheads: cytomeres (visible as darker stained nuclei surrounded by lighter staining clefts). Short simple black arrow: nucleus of Leucocytozoon blood stage. Scale bars 20 μm.