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7 results for “Hemideina”
Persisting in a glaciated landscape: Pleistocene microrefugia evidenced by the tree wētā Hemideina maori in central South Island, New Zealand
<p><span><span><b>Aim:</b> Repeated cycles of Pleistocene glaciation have influenced phylogeographic structure of taxa on New Zealand's South Island. Many taxa became restricted to refugia at either end of the island during glaciation, resulting in an area of low endemicity in central South Island. This area of low endemism is typified by the so-called beech (or biotic) gap, where the absence of <i>Nothofagus </i>forest (and many other plant and invertebrate taxa) has been attributed to repeated glaciation. Some taxa, however, appear to have persisted <i>in situ</i> in localized refugia within the biotic gap. We test these alternative hypotheses in a large flightless alpine wētā (grasshopper).</span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Location:</b> Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand</span></span></p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> <i>Hemideina maori</i> <span>Pictet & Saussure, 1891 </span>(Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)</p> <p><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We used phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome<i> c </i>oxidase I (<i>cox1</i>) and twenty-five nuclear DNA (nuDNA) markers to test for Pleistocene glacial microrefugia within the current montane South Island range of <i>Hemideina maori.</i></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Results:</b> We identified eight deeply differentiated mtDNA lineages with limited sharing of haplotypes among populations. Genetic differentiation assessed using nuDNA revealed a similar pattern, with three groups broadly corresponding to the deepest mtDNA splits. The central South Island region exhibits substantial endemic mtDNA diversity and a distinctive nuclear lineage.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>These results indicate that <i>H. maori </i>likely<i> </i>persisted in microrefugia<i> </i>within the biotic gap during glaciation. These deep lineages are estimated to have started diverging prior to the initiation of glaciation, up to 3 Ma. These results add to a growing number of Southern Hemisphere examples of deep phyleogeographic differentiation in glaciated regions compared to Europe and North America, probably reflecting less intense glaciation. We suggest that other Southern Alps species showing northern and southern clades alone, are more montane than alpine, and were reliant on warmer habitat to the north and south during glacial eras. Thus, there are species-specific responses to climatic processes, influenced by distinctive habitat requirements and physiological traits.</span></span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Wetapolipus jamiesoni gen. nov., spec. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae), an ectoparasite of the mountain stone weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Wetapolipus jamiesoni Husband & Zhang gen. nov., spec. nov. (adult female). A. Ventral aspect, B. Prodorsal plate, C. Top to bottom, legs I, II, III dorsal and ventral aspects.
Persisting in a glaciated landscape: Pleistocene microrefugia evidenced by the tree wētā Hemideina maori in central South Island, New Zealand
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FIGURE 2 in Wetapolipus jamiesoni gen. nov., spec. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae), an ectoparasite of the mountain stone weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from New Zealand
FIGURE 2. Wetapolipus jamiesoni Husband & Zhang gen. nov., spec. nov. (male).
FIGURE 3 in Wetapolipus jamiesoni gen. nov., spec. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae), an ectoparasite of the mountain stone weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from New Zealand
FIGURE 3. Wetapolipus jamiesoni Husband & Zhang gen. nov., spec. nov. (larval female).
Fig 2 from: Mckean NE, Trewick SA, Griffin MJ, Dowle EJ, Morgan-Richards M (2018) Viability and fertility of hybrid New Zealand tree wētā Hemideina spp. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.14963
Fig 2 A. Tibia length of adult female F1 hybrids compared with adult females from the two parent species, showing no significant difference; B. Tibia length of F1 hybrid males compared with males of the two parent species, showing a significant difference: p-value = 0.0001.
Fig 1 from: Mckean NE, Trewick SA, Griffin MJ, Dowle EJ, Morgan-Richards M (2018) Viability and fertility of hybrid New Zealand tree wētā Hemideina spp. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.14963
Fig 1 Distribution of the three North Island New Zealand species of tree wētā (Hemideina) and an H. thoracica × H. crassidens F1 hybrid. The distributions of the species were taken from Morgan-Richards and Wallis (2003) and Morgan-Richards (2000).
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