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FIGURES 12–15 in Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

FIGURES 12–15. Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) amita Rondani, 1860, male terminalia (scale bars = 0.1mm). 12. Cercus in lateral view; arrows show length of cercus tip. 13. Distiphallus in lateral view. 14. Distiphallus in apical view. 15. Detail of distiphallus in lateral view, including lateral styli.

FIGURES 8–11. 8–9 in Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

FIGURES 8–11. 8–9. Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher, 1913, male terminalia (scale bars = 0.05mm). 8. Tip of juxta in apical view; paralectotype from Campopericoli, Italy (SMF). 9. Vesica in apical view; specimen from Corno Grande, Italy (MZUR). 10–11. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infantilis Böttcher, 1913, male terminalia (scale bars = 0.1mm). 10. Cercus and surstylus in lateral view. 11. Distiphallus in lateral view.

FIGURES 1–7 in Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

FIGURES 1–7. Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher, 1913, male terminalia (scale bars = 0.1mm). 1. Sternite 5; specimen from Stazzo Rotolo, Italy (CNBFVR). 2. Cercus and surstylus in lateral view, arrows showing length of cercus tip; specimen from Corno Grande, Italy (MZUR). 3. Cercus in dorsal view; specimen from Corno Grande, Italy (MZUR). 4. Gonites; paralectotype from Campopericoli, Italy (SMF). 5. Distiphallus in lateral view; specimen from Corno Grande, Italy (MZUR). 6. Distiphallus in apical view; specimen from Stazzo Rotolo, Italy (CNBFVR). 7. Juxta in lateral view; lectotype (SMF).

FIGURES 16–21 in Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

FIGURES 16–21. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, 1913, male (scale bars = 0.1mm). 16. Abdomen in posterior view; specimen from Obenweiden, Austria (NMW). 17. Sternite 5; specimen from Obenweiden, Austria (NMW). 18. Cercus and surstylus in lateral view; specimen from Mecsek, Hungary (HNHM). 19. Gonites; specimen from Obenweiden, Austria (NMW). 20. Distiphallus in lateral view, holotype (SMF); the black lines show the beginning and end of the juxta. 21. Distiphallus in apical view; specimen from Csévahaszrt borókás, Hungary (HNHM); the arrows show the folds at the tip of the juxta, and the orientation of the apical process of harpes.

FIGURES 22–27. 22–23 in Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

FIGURES 22–27. 22–23. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, 1913, male terminalia (scale bars = 0.1mm). 22. Juxta and lateral styli in lateral view; specimen from Pócsmegyer, Hungary (HNHM). 23. Vesica in ventral view (indicated by arrow); holotype (SMF). 24–25. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) gallica sp. nov., male terminalia (scale bars = 0.1mm). 24. Distiphallus in apical view; paratype from St. Pantaléon, France (RBC); the arrows show the orientation of the apical process of harpes and the shape of the juxtal tip. 25. Distiphallus in lateral view, holotype (NHRS); the arrow shows the strong subapical indentation, the black lines show the beginning and end of the juxta. 26. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) haemorrhoides Böttcher, 1913, distiphallus in lateral view (scale bar = 0.1mm). 27. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) plotnikovi Rohdendorf, 1925, juxta in lateral view (scale bar = 0.1mm).

FIGURES 18–23 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 18–23. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) mediterranea sp. nov. 18. Head, paratype from Sicily, Paternò (ZMUC), scale bar 0.5mm. 19. Cercus and surstylus, specimen from Sicily, Corleone (ZMUC), scale bar 0.1mm. 20–21. Paratype from Sicily, Torre Salsa (CNBFVR), scale bars 0.1mm. 20. Gonites. 21. Distiphallus (lateral). 22–23. Paratype from Sicily, Paternò (ZMUC), scale bars 0.1mm. 22. Juxta (dorsal). 23. Distiphallus (ventral, arrow showing vesica).

FIGURES 54–65. 54–56 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 54–65. 54–56. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) enderleini Jacentkovský. 54. Cercus and surstylus, specimen from Italy, Abetina di Rosello (CNBFVR), scale bar 0.25mm. 55. Distiphallus (lateral), type specimen of Heteronychia (Eupierretia) macedonica Povolný from Greece, St. Panteleimon (MMBC), scale bar 0.1mm. 56. Juxta (apical), specimen from Italy, Borgo Capanne (NHRS), scale bar 0.05mm. 57. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) ferox Villeneuve, distiphallus (half ventral, arrow showing vesica); paratype of Heteronychia (Asceloctis) perplexa Peris et al. from Spain, Pego, scale bar 0.15mm. 58. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) giganta Pape, distiphallus (lateral); specimen from Croatia, Biokovo (NHRS), scale bar 0.25mm. 59. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) kataphygionis (Povolný), distiphallus (lateral); paratype from Greece, Olympos (MMBC), scale bar 0.1mm. 60. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) sp., distiphallus (lateral); specimen from Ukraine, Andriyivka (YVC), scale bar 0.1mm. 61. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) kerteszi Villeneuve, terminalia; specimen from Lebanon, Mt. Barukh (TAU, as "Heteronychia dayani det. Lehrer"), scale bar 0.25mm. 62–63. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) minima Rondani, specimen from Israel, Hameshar (TAU, as "Ctenodasypygia fertoni det. Lehrer"). 62. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.15mm (arrow showing subapical hump of cercus). 63. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1mm (arrow showing protruding lateral membranous process of juxta). 64. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) nanula (Povolný), distiphallus (apical); specimen from Sicily, Sortino (ZMUC), scale bar 0.05mm. 65. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) depressifrons Zetterstedt, distiphallus (apical); specimen from Switzerland, Zürichberg (NHRS), scale bar 0.05mm.

FIGURES 36–41 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 36–41. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) tunisiae sp. nov., paratypes from Tunisia, Tabarka (ZMUC). 36. Head, scale bar 0.5mm. 37. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.25mm. 38. Gonites, scale bar 0.1mm. 39. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1mm (arrow showing vesica). 40. Distiphallus (apical), scale bar 0.05mm. 41. Juxta (dorsal), scale bar 0.05mm.

FIGURES 30–35 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 30–35. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) tetrix sp. nov. 30–31. Paratype from Sicily, Randazzo (MMBC). 30. Head, scale bar 0.5mm. 31. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.1mm. 32–35. Paratype from Sicily, Paternò (ZMUC). 32. Gonites, scale bar 0.1mm. 33. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.15mm. 34. Distiphallus (ventral), scale bar 0.05mm (arrow showing vesica). 35. Juxta (dorsal), scale bar 0.05mm.

FIGURES 24–29 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 24–29. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) rosellensis sp. nov. 24. Head, holotype, scale bar 0.5mm. 25. Cercus and surstylus, paratype from Italy, Abruzzi, Fonte Volpona (ZMUC), scale bar 0.25mm. 26–29. Paratype from Italy, Abruzzi, Fonte Volpona (CNBFVR). 26. Gonites, scale bar 0.1mm. 27. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1mm. 28. Juxta (apical), scale bar 0.05mm. 29. Distiphallus (ventral), scale bar 0.1mm (arrow showing vesica).

FIGURES 66–77. 66–68 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 66–77. 66–68. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) pseudobenaci (Baranov). 66. Cercus and surstylus, specimen from Greece, Hortiatis (CNBFVR), scale bar 0.15mm. 67–68. Specimen from Greece, Stávros (ZMUC), scale bars 0.1mm. 67. Distiphallus (lateral). 68. Juxta (dorsal). 69–71. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) benaci Böttcher, specimens from Croatia, Krk (NHRS). 69. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.1mm. 70. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.05mm. 71. Juxta (dorsal), scale bar 0.05mm. 72–73. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infantilis Böttcher, specimen from Austria, Steinernes Meer (NHRS). 72. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.1mm. 73. Distiphallus (lateral), 0.05mm. 74–75. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) shnitnikovi (Rohdendorf), specimen from Kyrgyzstan, Kaindy (ZIN). 74. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.25mm. 75. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1mm. 76–77. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) vagans Meigen, specimen from Austria, Niedere Tauern (ZMUC), scale bars 0.25mm. 76. Phallus and gonites. 77. Cercus and surstylus.

FIGURES 12–17 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 12–17. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) lejlekensis sp. nov. 12. Head, holotype, scale bar 1mm. 13–17. Paratype from Kyrgyzstan, Sary-Tash (MMBC). 13. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.25mm. 14. Gonites, scale bar 0.1mm. 15. Distiphallus(lateral), scale bar 0.1mm. 16. Juxta (apical), scale bar 0.05mm. 17. Vesica, scale bar 0.05mm.

FIGURES 42–53. 42 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 42–53. 42. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) thirionae (Lehrer), juxta (dorsal); specimen from Greece, Olympos (MMBC), scale bar 0.1mm. 43–44. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) villeneuveana (Enderlein), specimen from France, Maury (CNBFVR). 43. Juxta (dorsal), scale bar 0.05mm. 44. Distiphallus (ventral), scale bar 0.1mm. 45–46. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) ancilla Rondani, scale bars 0.05mm. 45. Distiphallus (lateral), specimen from France, Bouches-du-Rhône (NHRS). 46. Distiphallus (apical), specimen from Spain, Sierra de Boumort (ZMUC). 47–48. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) belanovskyi (Verves), specimen from Italy, Castelporziano (MZUR), scale bars 0.05mm. 47. Distiphallus (lateral). 48. Distiphallus (apical). 49–50. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) chiquita (Peris et al.). 49. Cercus and surstylus, paratype from Spain, Pina de Ebro (UCME), scale bar 0.1mm. 50. Juxta (lateral), holotype of Heteronychia morenita Peris et al., scale bar 0.05mm. 51–53. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) croca Pape. 51. Cercus and surstylus, specimen from Croatia, Hvar (NHRS), scale bar 0.25mm. 52– 53. Specimen from Greece, Skotina (MMBC). 52. Pregonite, scale bar 0.05mm. 53. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.1mm.

FIGURES 6–11 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 6–11. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) anatolica sp. nov., paratype from Turkey, Nevsehir (ZMUC). 6. Head, scale bar 0.5mm. 7. Cercus and surstylus, scale bar 0.1mm. 8. Gonites, scale bar 0.1mm. 9. Distiphallus (lateral), scale bar 0.05mm. 10. Juxta (dorsal), scale bar 0.05mm. 11. Distiphallus (ventral), scale bar 0.05mm (arrow showing vesica).

FIGURES 1–5. 1–2 in New taxonomic and nomenclatural data on Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with description of six new species

FIGURES 1–5. 1–2. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) hellenica nom. nov., paratype from Greece, Pindos, Aoos (MMBC), scale bars 0.1mm. 1. Cercus and surstylus. 2. Distiphallus (lateral). 3–5. Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) tangerensis nom. nov., paratype from Morocco, Tanger (UCME), scale bars 0.1mm. 3. Cercus and surstylus. 4. Pregonite. 5. Distiphallus (lateral).

Figure 13 in Phylogeny of Heteronychia: the largest lineage of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Figure 13. One of the eight most parsimonious trees retrieved by the analysis of the full matrix (84 characters for 88 species) with TNT under equal weights (traditional search setting 1000 replicates with tree bisection-reconnection branch swapping and saving 1000 trees per replication). Characters were optimized in WINCLADA. *, species previously ascribed to the subgenus Discachaeta; †, species previously ascribed to the subgenus Notoecus.

Figure 18 in Phylogeny of Heteronychia: the largest lineage of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Figure 18. Tree obtained in TNT from the matrix containing only characters from the male terminalia (70 characters for 88 species) with implied weights under the default function, traditional search, with concavity factor k = 3.

Figure 15 in Phylogeny of Heteronychia: the largest lineage of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Figure 15. Tree obtained in TNT from the full matrix (84 characters for 88 species) with implied weights under the default function, traditional search, with concavity factor k = 3.

Figure 12. A in Phylogeny of Heteronychia: the largest lineage of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Figure 12. A, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) cucullans, tip of juxta, ventral (Pescasseroli, Italy; arrow showing invagination). B, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) villeneuveana, distiphallus, dorsal (detail, upper arrow showing long lateral process of juxta, lower arrow showing 'ear-like' membranous expansion of juxta) (Maury, France). C, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) javita, juxta, apical (detail, arrow showing longitudinal furrows) (Sierra de Almijara, Spain). D, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) uncicurva, juxta, apical (Villapiana, Italy; arrow showing median process). E, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) enderleini, juxta, lateral (Greece; arrow showing median triangular process). F, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) depressifrons, distiphallus, lateral (detail, arrow showing basal process of juxta) (Zurich, Switzerland).

Figure 11. A in Phylogeny of Heteronychia: the largest lineage of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Figure 11. A, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) cucullans, distiphallus, lateral (detail of juxta, arrow showing ventral protuberance) (Latina, Italy). B, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) mutila, distiphallus, lateral (detail, arrow showing preapical lateral indentation of juxta) (Promontorio del Gargano, Italy). C, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) bulgarica, juxta, lateral (detail, arrow showing median depression of tip of juxta) (Verona, Italy). D, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) bezziana, distiphallus, apical (detail, arrow showing tip of juxta) (Stazzo Rotolo, Italy). E, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) ferox, tip of juxta, dorsal (Afourer, Morocco). F, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) consanguinea, juxta, apical (Corleone, Sicily; arrow showing subtrapezoidal median process of juxta).