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80 results for “Historical structures”
SBC LTER: Reef: Benthic community structure along a gradient of historic kelp variability
These data are estimates of biomass of approximately 225 taxa of reef algae, invertebrates, and fish in transects at 11 non-core sites in the Santa Barbara Channel in summer 2018 (3 transects per site). Sites were selected along a gradient of historic kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) variability, from sites with highly persistent kelp to sites exhibiting extensive variation in kelp biomass since 2008. See the site characteristics data table for site locations and depths. The purpose of the sampling was to explore to what extent the findings from the long-term experiment (e.g. Castorani et al. 2018) apply to natural gradients in kelp persistence. Surveys were conducted following the same methodology used in the annual surveys of kelp forest community structure, such that data from the non-core sites may be paired with annual survey data collected in summer 2018.
Bibliographic Data from the Computational Methods Applied to Earthen Historical Structures Review
<p>This database contains all the bibliographic information about the 293 records found after applying the Search Strategy used for the Computational Methods Applied to Earthen Historical Structures Review. Such strategy consisted on using relevant keywords grouped into three different search queries within ”TITLE-ABS-KEY”, for the years 2019-2023:</p> <ol> <li>(”earthen heritage” OR ”earthen historical building*” OR ”earthen historical structure*” OR ”earthen architect*” OR ”earthen monument*”).</li> <li>(adobe OR ”rammed earth” OR cob ) AND (”computational method*” OR ”numerical analy*”).</li> <li>(adobe OR ”rammed earth” OR cob ) AND (fem OR dem OR la OR ”finite element” OR ”discrete element” OR ”limit analysis”).</li> </ol> <p>The search was conducted on April 7, 2023.</p>
Figure 3. Structurally complex high rugosity coral-dominated reef habitat. Image shows fixed transect 01 from the start pin looking toward a 180 in Fishes of War in the Pacific National Historic Park
Figure 3. Structurally complex high rugosity coral-dominated reef habitat. Image shows fixed transect 01 from the start pin looking toward a 180° heading in the Asan Beach unit (NPS photo).
Data for: Historical and contemporary processes drive global phylogenetic structure across geographical scales: Insights from bat communities
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Patterns of evolutionary relatedness among co-occurring species are driven by scale-dependent contemporary and historical processes. Yet, we still lack a detailed understanding of how these drivers impact the phylogenetic structure of biological communities. Here, we focused on bats – one of the most speciose and vagile groups of mammals – and test the predictions of three general biogeographical hypotheses that are particularly relevant to understanding how paleoclimatic stability, local diversification rates, and geographical scales shaped their present-day phylogenetic community structure.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Worldwide, across restrictive geographical extents: global, east-west hemispheres, biogeographical realms, tectonic plates, biomes, and ecoregions.</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: Last Glacial Maximum (~22,000 years ago) to the present.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Bats (Chiroptera)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We estimated bat phylogenetic community structure across restrictive geographical extents and modelled it as a function of paleoclimatic stability, and in situ net diversification rates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Limiting geographical extents from larger to smaller scales strongly changed the phylogenetic structure of bat communities. The magnitude of these effects is less noticeable in the western hemisphere, where frequent among-realm biota interchange could have been maintained through bats' adaptive traits. Highly phylogenetically related bat communities are generally more common in regions that changed less in climate since the last glacial maximum, supporting the expectation that stable climates allow for increased phylogenetic clustering. Finally, increased in situ net diversification rates are associated with greater phylogenetic clustering in bat communities.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: We show that the worldwide phylogenetic structure of bat assemblages varies as a function of geographical extents, dispersal barriers, paleoclimatic stability and in situ diversification. The integrative framework used in our study, which can be applied to other taxonomic groups, has proven useful to not only explain the evolutionary dynamics of community assembly but could also help tackle questions related to scale dependence in community ecology and biogeography.</p>
Data for: Historical and contemporary processes drive global phylogenetic structure across geographical scales: Insights from bat communities
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Genetic structure and historic demography of endangered unarmored threespine stickleback at southern latitudes signals a need for new management directives
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Data from: One panel to rule them all: DArTcap genotyping for population structure, historical demography, and kinship analyses, and its application to a threatened shark
With recent advances in sequencing technology, genomic data are changing how important conservation management decisions are made. Applications such as Close-Kin Mark-Recapture demand large amounts of data to estimate population size and structure, and their full potential can only be realised through ongoing improvements in genotyping strategies. Here we introduce DArTcap, a cost-efficient method that combines DArTseq and sequence capture, and illustrate its use in a high resolution population analysis of Glyphis garricki, a rare, poorly known and threatened euryhaline shark. Clustering analyses and spatial distribution of kin pairs from four different regions across northern Australia and one in Papua New Guinea, representing its entire known range, revealed that each region hosts at least one distinct population. Further structuring is likely within Van Diemen Gulf, the region that included the most rivers sampled, suggesting additional population structuring would be found if other rivers were sampled. Coalescent analyses and spatially explicit modelling suggest that G. garricki experienced a recent range expansion during the opening of the Gulf of Carpentaria following the conclusion of the Last Glacial Maximum. The low migration rates between neighbouring populations of a species that is found only in restricted coastal and riverine habitats show the importance of managing each population separately, including careful monitoring of local and remote anthropogenic activities that may affect their environments. Overall we demonstrated how a carefully chosen SNP panel combined with DArTcap can provide highly accurate kinship inference and also support population structure and historical demography analyses, therefore maximising cost-effectiveness.
Data from: Isolation by instability: historical climate change shapes population structure and genomic divergence of treefrogs in the Neotropical Cerrado savanna
Although the impact of Pleistocene glacial cycles on the diversification of the tropical biota was once dismissed, increasing evidence suggests that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations greatly affected the distribution and population divergence of tropical organisms. Landscape genomic analyses coupled with paleoclimatic distribution models provide a powerful way to understand the consequences of past climate changes on the present-day tropical biota. Using genome-wide SNP data and mitochondrial DNA, combined with projections of the species distribution across the late Quaternary until the present, we evaluate the effect of paleoclimatic shifts on the genetic structure and population differentiation of Hypsiboas lundii, a treefrog endemic to the South American Cerrado savanna. Our results show a recent and strong genetic divergence in H. lundii across the Cerrado landscape, yielding four genetic clusters that do not seem congruent with any current physical barrier to gene flow. Isolation by distance (IBD) explains some of the population differentiation, but we also find strong support for past climate changes promoting range shifts and structuring populations even in the presence of IBD. Post Pleistocene population persistence in four main areas of historical stable climate in the Cerrado seems to have played a major role establishing the present genetic structure of this treefrog. This pattern is consistent with a model of reduced gene-flow in areas with high climatic instability promoting isolation of populations, defined here as "isolation by instability", highlighting the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structuring populations in tropical savannas.
Data from: Herbarium specimens reveal a historical shift in phylogeographic structure of common ragweed during native range disturbance
Invasive plants provide ample opportunity to study evolutionary shifts that occur after introduction to novel environments. However, although genetic characters pre-dating introduction can be important determinants of later success, large-scale investigations of historical genetic structure have not been feasible. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive weed native to North America that is known for its allergenic pollen. Palynological records from sediment cores indicate that this species was uncommon before European colonization of North America, and ragweed populations expanded rapidly as settlers deforested the landscape on a massive scale, later becoming an aggressive invasive with populations established globally. Toward a direct comparison of genetic structure now and during intense anthropogenic disturbance of the late 19th century, we sampled 45 natural populations of common ragweed across its native range as well as historical herbarium specimens collected up to 140 years ago. Bayesian clustering analyses of 453 modern and 473 historical samples genotyped at three chloroplast spacer regions and six nuclear microsatellite loci reveal that historical ragweed's spatial-genetic structure mirrors both the paleo-record of Ambrosia pollen deposition and the historical pattern of agricultural density across the landscape. Furthermore, for unknown reasons this spatial-genetic pattern has changed substantially in the intervening years. Following on previous work relating morphology and and genetic expression between plants collected from eastern North America and Western Europe, we speculate that the cluster associated with humans' rapid transformation of the landscape is a likely source of these aggressive invasive populations.
Data from: Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations
Distribution of genetic variation over time and space is relevant to demographic histories, and tightly linked to ecological disturbances as well as evolutionary potential of an organism. Therefore, understanding the pattern of genetic diversity is a primary step in conservation and management projects for rare and threatened plant species. We used 8 microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity, spatial structure and demographic history of Plagiorhegma dubium, a rare myrmecochorous herb, populations sampled across northeast Asia and Siberia. We found low within-population genetic variation associated with historical bottlenecks. Although pairwise FST values were not much higher than the ones found in similar life form species, STRUCTURE and PCoA revealed a clear broad-scale spatial pattern of genetic structure. Bayesian clustering (best K=6) and PCoA identified three populations that are distinctive from neighboring populations in the Korean peninsula, which suggests potential units for conservation and management plans in Korea. MIGRATE-N and BAYESASS showed that both contemporary (0.003-0.045) and historical migration rates (2e-5-4.6e-4) were low. Our findings provide a good example, where genetic considerations should be integrated for conservation and management plans of rare and threatened species.
Supplemental material to 'A variational rigid-block modelling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral actions'
<p>This repository contains the data necessary to reproduce the content of the article:</p> <blockquote> <p>A variational rigid-block modelling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral actions (2021). Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1–23. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eqe.3512">https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3512</a></p> </blockquote> <p>The file <strong>01_Dataset.zip</strong> contains the dataset. The companion document <strong>00_Dataset_description.pdf </strong>describes the content of the dataset, guiding the analyst to its use in order to (i) reproduce the article's results and (ii) compare the article's results to new results brought by the analyst, e.g. by comparison with other numerical models.</p> <p>Version history</p> <p>v2: updated references in 00_dataset description.pdf </p>
Supplementary material to 'New Equivalent Frame Models for Historical Masonry Structures'
<p>This repository provides the OpenSEES models used for producing the results presented in the paper as well as the data with results of the IDAs.</p>
Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range-wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass
<p>This raw data set contains multilocus genotypes for 1,312 individual samples from 44 locations.</p> <p>Aim: Historical and contemporary processes drive spatial patterns of genetic diversity. These include climate-driven range shifts and gene flow mediated by biogeographical influences on dispersal. Assessments that integrate these drivers are uncommon, but critical for testing biogeographic hypotheses. Here, we characterise intraspecific genetic diversity and its spatial structure across the entire distribution of a temperate seagrass to test marine biogeographic concepts for southern Australia.</p> <p>Location: Temperate Australian coastal waters</p> <p>Methods: Predictive modelling was used to contrast the current <em>Posidonia australis</em> distribution to its historical distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Spatial genetic structure was estimated for 44 sampled meadows from across the geographical range of the species using nine microsatellite loci. </p> <p>Results: Historical and contemporary distributions were similar, with the exception of the Bass Strait. Genetic clustering was consistent with the three currently recognised biogeographic provinces and largely consistent with the finer-scale <span>IMCRA </span>bioregions. Discrepancies were found within the Flindersian province and southwest IMCRA bioregion, while two regions of admixture coincided with transitional bioregions. Clonal diversity was highly variable, but positively associated with latitude. Genetic differentiation among meadows was significantly associated with oceanographic distance.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Our approach suggests how shared seascape drivers have influenced the capacity of <em>P. australis</em> to effectively track sea level changes associated with natural climate cycles over millennia, <span>and in particular, the recolonisation of meadows across the Continental Shelf following the LGM</span>. Genetic structure associated with IMCRA bioregions reflects the presence of stable biogeographic barriers, such as oceanic upwellings. This study highlights the importance of biogeography to infer the role of historical drivers in shaping extant diversity and structure. </p>
Biogeographic barriers and historical climate affect phylogeographic structure and demographic history of the common gartersnake
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Current distributions of widespread North American (NA) species have been shaped by Pleistocene glacial cycles, latitudinal temperature gradients, sharp longitudinal habitat transitions, and the vicariant effects of major mountain and river systems that subdivide the continent. Within these transcontinental species, genetic diversity patterns might not conform to established biogeographic breaks compared to more spatially restricted taxa due to intrinsic differences (e.g., greater dispersal ability in generalist species) or spatiotemporal differences (e.g., wide-ranging species predate younger barriers). In this study, we highlight the effects of these extrinsic variables on genetic structuring by investigating the phylogeographic history of a widespread generalist squamate found throughout NA. </p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: North America</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Common gartersnake, <em>Thamnophis sirtalis</em></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We evaluate the effects of major river basins and the forest-grassland transition into the Interior Plains on genetic structure patterns using phylogenetic, spatially informed population structure, and demographic analyses of SNP data, and address range expansion history with ecological niche modeling using locality and historic climate data.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We identify four phylogeographic lineages with varying degrees of connectivity between them. We find discordant population structure patterns between sex-linked and autosomal loci with respect to the relationship between the central NA lineage relative to coastal lineages. We find support for southeast Pleistocene refugia where recent secondary contact occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum and evidence for both northern and southern refugia in western NA.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusion</strong>: Our results provide strong evidence for a Middle Pliocene origin for <em>Thamnophis</em> <em>sirtalis</em> in central-southeastern NA preceding its rapid expansion across the continent prior to middle Pleistocene climate-mediated lineage formation. We implicate major riverine networks within the Mississippi watershed in likely repeated westward expansion events across the Interior Plains. Finally, we corroborate prior conclusions that phenotypic differences between subspecies do not reflect shared evolutionary history and note that the degree of separation between inferred lineages warrants further investigation before any taxonomic revisions are proposed.</p>
Data from: Isolation by instability: historical climate change shapes population structure and genomic divergence of treefrogs in the Neotropical Cerrado savanna
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Biogeographic barriers and historical climate affect phylogeographic structure and demographic history of the common gartersnake
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Data from: Herbarium specimens reveal a historical shift in phylogeographic structure of common ragweed during native range disturbance
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Data from: Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations
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Data from: One panel to rule them all: DArTcap genotyping for population structure, historical demography, and kinship analyses, and its application to a threatened shark
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Recent climate change and historical population structure predict spatial patterns of admixture between two host-specialized pine sawfly species
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.