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45 results for “Human Footprint”
Annual terrestrial Human Footprint dataset from 1982 to 2000
<p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01284-8">Human footprint dataset</a> extrapolated to past periods 1982--2000. For each pixel we fit a logit-model and then extrapolate it to past years to produce assumed Human footprint prior to year 2000. This assumes simple linear trends in Human footprint.</p>
Global consensus map of human transcription factor footprints
<p>Vierstra, J. <em>et al.</em> <strong>Global reference mapping of human transcription factor footprints.</strong> <em>Nature</em><strong> </strong>583, 729–736 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2528-x">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2528-x</a></p> <p>Preprint @ bioRxiv: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.927798">https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.927798</a></p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> Jeff Vierstra (<a href="mailto:jvierstra@altius.org?subject=Consensus%20DNase%20I%20footprints">jvierstra@altius.org</a>)</p> <p>Genomic DNase I footprinting enables quantitative, nucleotide-resolution delineation of sites of transcription factor occupancy within native chromatin. We combined sampling of >67 billion uniquely mapping DNase I cleavages from >240 human cell types and states to index, with unprecedented accuracy and resolution, human genomic footprints and thereby the sequence elements that encode transcription factor recognition sites.</p> <p>Please see <a href="http://vierstra.org/resources/dgf">http://vierstra.org/resources/dgf </a>for additional information and a complete set of raw DNase I data for individual datasets. Additionally, raw data can also be accessed via the ENCODE data portal (<a href="http://encodeproject.org">http://encodeproject.org</a>) using the dataset accessions found in Supplementary Table 1.</p> <p>Code for footprint analysis and tutorials on how to access and manipulate digital genomic footprint data can be found at <a href="https://footprint-tools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">https://footprint-tools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a>.</p> <p>All files herein correspond to human genome build version GRCh38 (UCSC hg38).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Biosample metadata</strong> – Supplementary_Table_1.xlsx</li> <li><strong>Motif clustering metadata </strong>– Supplementary_Table_2.xlsx</li> <li><strong>ChIP-seq validation metadata </strong>–<strong> </strong>Supplementary_Table_3.xlsx</li> <li><strong>Consensus footprint coordinates and assigned motif archetypes</strong><br> TSV file (BED-format) with consensus footprint (posterior probability>0.99) coordinates and overlaps with matches to motif model clusters. The legend file contains column definitions in detail. <ul> <li>consensus_footprints_and_motifs_hg38.bed.gz</li> <li>consensus_footprints_and_motifs_legend.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Motif archetype matches overlapping consensus footprints</strong><br> TSV file (BED-format) containing the coordinates for clustered motif model matches that overlap consensus footprints <ul> <li>collapsed_motifs_overlaping_consensus_footprints.bed.gz</li> <li>collapsed_motifs_overlaping_consensus_footprints_legend.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Footprint occupancy matrix of consensus footprints</strong><br> Rows are same order as the consensus footprint file and columns are same order as in the metadata files. <ul> <li>consensus_index_matrix_full_hg38.txt.gz (Values are –log(1-posterior))</li> <li>consensus_index_matrix_binary_hg38.txt.gz (binary occupancy matrix, where footprints with posterior footprint probability >0.99 are considered occupied)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Single nucleotide variants tested for allelic imbalance </strong><br> The legend file contains column definitions in detail. <ul> <li>genotypes.vcf.gz - Genotyping and allelic read depth for each biosample (see header for more information)</li> <li>tested_snvs_padj.bed.gz - SNVs tested for imbalance (TSV, BED-format)</li> <li>tested_snvs_padj_legend.txt</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Annual human footprint maps at 100-meter resolution from 1990 to 2020 for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p>This Human footprint product is the first annual dataset with a resolution of 100 meters from 1990 to 2020 covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). It integrates eight variables: population density, cropland, built environments, grazing activities, nighttime lights, roads, railways, and hydroelectric projects, each providing insights into various human impacts on the plateau. Additionally, the dataset's accuracy was assessed using 1,043 samples with a median resolution of 0.5 m, uniformly distributed across the QTP. These HF maps can serve as a critical tool for understanding the extensive human influence on the QTP, and can aid in conservation planning, resource management, and informing decision-making processes related to ecological restoration objectives. </p>
Genomic footprints of (pre) colonialism: Population declines in urban and forest túngara frogs coincident with historical human activity
<p>Urbanisation is rapidly altering ecosystems, leading to profound biodiversity loss. To mitigate these effects, we need a better understanding of how urbanisation impacts dispersal and reproduction. Two contrasting population demographic models have been proposed that predict that urbanisation either promotes (facilitation model) or constrains (fragmentation model) gene flow and genetic diversity. Which of these models prevails likely depends on the strength of selection on specific phenotypic traits that influence dispersal, survival, or reproduction. Here, we a priori examined the genomic impact of urbanisation on the Neotropical túngara frog (<em>Engystomops pustulosu</em>s), a species known to adapt its reproductive traits to urban selective pressures. Using whole-genome resequencing for multiple urban and forest populations we examined genomic diversity, population connectivity and demographic history. Contrary to both the fragmentation and facilitation models, urban populations did not exhibit substantial changes in genomic diversity or differentiation compared to forest populations, and genomic variation was best explained by geographic distance rather than environmental factors. Adopting an a posteriori approach, we additionally found both urban and forest populations to have undergone population declines. The timing of these declines appears to coincide with extensive human activity around the Panama Canal during the last few centuries rather than recent urbanisation. Our study highlights the long-lasting legacy of past anthropogenic disturbances in the genome and the importance of considering the historical context in urban evolution studies as anthropogenic effects may be extensive and impact non-urban areas on both recent and older timescales. </p>
Genomic footprints of (pre) colonialism: Population declines in urban and forest túngara frogs coincident with historical human activity
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Global 100m Terrestrial Human Footprint (HFP-100)
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Footprint of the host restriction factors APOBEC3 on the genome of human viruses
<p><span><span>APOBEC3 enzymes are innate immune effectors that introduce mutations into viral genomes. These enzymes are cytidine deaminases which transform cytosine into uracil. They preferentially mutate cytidine preceded by thymidine making the 5'TC motif their favored target. Viruses have evolved different strategies to evade APOBEC3 restriction. Certain viruses actively encode viral proteins antagonizing the APOBEC3s, others passively face the APOBEC3 selection pressure thanks to a depleted genome for APOBEC3-targeted motifs. Hence, the APOBEC3s left on the genome of certain viruses an evolutionary footprint.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>The aim of our study is the identification of these viruses having a genome shaped by the APOBEC3s. We analyzed the genome of 33,400 human viruses for the depletion of APOBEC3-favored motifs. We demonstrate that the APOBEC3 selection pressure impacts at least 22% of all currently annotated human viral species. The <i>papillomaviridae</i> and <i>polyomaviridae</i> are the most intensively footprinted families; evidencing a selection pressure acting genome-wide and on both strands. Members of the <i>parvoviridae</i> family are differentially targeted in term of both magnitude and localization of the footprint. Interestingly, a massive APOBEC3 footprint is present on both strands of the B19 erythroparvovirus; making this viral genome one of the most cleaned sequences for APOBEC3-favored motifs. We also identified the endemic <i>coronaviridae</i> as significantly footprinted. Interestingly, no such footprint has been detected on the zoonotic MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. In addition to viruses that are footprinted genome-wide, certain viruses are footprinted only on very short sections of their genome. That is the case for the <i>gamma-herpesviridae</i> and <i>adenoviridae</i> where the footprint is localized on the lytic origins of replication. A mild footprint can also be detected on the negative strand of the reverse transcribing HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1 and HBV viruses.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Together, our data illustrate the extent of the APOBEC3 selection pressure on the human viruses and identify new putatively APOBEC3-targeted viruses.</span></span></p>
Replication data for: Demographic declines and responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
<p class="MsoNormal">This data package includes data files and an R script to reproduce results reported in the paper "Demographic declines and responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada". Analyses include hierarchical multispecies models applied to data from 31 bird species at 38 Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) stations to assess 10-year (2011–2020) demographic trends and responses to energy sector disturbance (human footprint proportion) in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Adult captures, productivity, and residency probability all declined over the study period, and adult apparent survival probability also tended to decline. Trends in adult captures, productivity, and survival were all more negative at stations with larger increases in disturbance over the study period. Species associated with early seral stages were more commonly captured at more disturbed stations, while species typical of mature forests were more commonly captured at less disturbed stations. Productivity was positively correlated with disturbance within 5 km of stations after controlling for disturbance within 1 km of stations. Adult apparent survival showed relatively little response to disturbance; stresses experienced beyond the breeding grounds likely play a larger role in influencing survival. Residency probability was negatively related to disturbance within 1-km scale of stations and could reflect processes affecting the ability of birds to establish or maintain territories in disturbed landscapes.</p>
Replication data for: Demographic declines and responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
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Footprint of the host restriction factors APOBEC3 on the genome of human viruses
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Data from: Footprints of human migration in the population structure of wild baker’s yeast
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Data from: The influence of human presence and footprint on animal space use in US national parks
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Change in terrestrial human footprint drives continued loss of intact ecosystems
<p>Human pressure mapping is important for understanding humanity's role in shaping Earth's patterns and processes. Our ability to map this influence has evolved, thanks to powerful computing, earth observing satellites, and new bottom-up census and crowd-sourced data. Here, we provide the latest temporally inter-comparable maps of the terrestrial human footprint, and assessment of change in human pressure at global, biome, and ecoregional scales. In 2013, 42% of terrestrial Earth could be considered relatively free of direct anthropogenic disturbance, and 25% could be classed as 'wilderness' (the least degraded end of the human footprint spectrum). Between 2000 and 2013, 1.9 million km<sup>2</sup> of land relatively free of human disturbance became highly modified. The majority of this occurred within tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannah, and shrubland ecosystems, but the rainforests of Southeast Asia also underwent rapid modification<i>.</i> Our results show that humanity's footprint is eroding Earth's last intact ecosystems, and greater efforts are urgently needed to retain them.</p>
Data from: Biological traits, phylogeny and human footprint signatures on the geographic range size of passerines (Order Passeriformes) worldwide
Aim Multiple hypotheses exist to explain the astonishing geographic range size variation across species, but these have rarely been tested under a unifying framework that simultaneously considers direct and indirect effects of ecological niche processes and evolutionary dynamics. Here, we jointly evaluate ecological and evolutionary hypotheses that may account for global interspecific patterns of range size in the most species-rich avian order: Passeriformes (perching birds). Location Global Time period CurrentMajor taxa studied Order Passeriformes Methods We used phylogenetic path analysis to test for the relationship between eight variables and range size. Our list of predictors included a set of niche-related variables (both Grinellian and Eltonian), species-specific morphological and life-history traits (body size, dispersal ability, fertility), extrinsic (human footprint) and evolutionary factors (time since divergence from the closest extant relative). Results We found that Grinellian (climatic) and Eltonian (trophic) niche breadth are critical to account for the observed patterns, followed by reproductive effort (as measured by clutch size). We also found a negative relationship between native range size and human footprint. The significant and positive relationship between niche breadth, either Grinnellian or Eltonian, and range size was consistent across all species, irrespective of their migratory/resident status or taxonomic grouping (Passeri vs. Tyranni). Main conclusions Globally, the range sizes of passerine species are associated with the Grinellian niche so that species with broader environmental tolerances exhibit larger geographic ranges. These findings give further empirical support to the positive niche breadth-range size relationship as a general pattern in ecology.
Data from: High resolution spatial mapping of human footprint across Antarctica and its implications for the strategic conservation of avifauna
Human footprint models allow visualization of human spatial pressure across the globe. Up until now, Antarctica has been omitted from global footprint models, due possibly to the lack of a permanent human population and poor accessibility to necessary datasets. Yet Antarctic ecosystems face increasing cumulative impacts from the expanding tourism industry and national Antarctic operator activities, the management of which could be improved with footprint assessment tools. Moreover, Antarctic ecosystem dynamics could be modelled to incorporate human drivers. Here we present the first model of estimated human footprint across predominantly ice-free areas of Antarctica. To facilitate integration into global models, the Antarctic model was created using methodologies applied elsewhere with land use, density and accessibility features incorporated. Results showed that human pressure is clustered predominantly in the Antarctic Peninsula, southern Victoria Land and several areas of East Antarctica. To demonstrate the practical application of the footprint model, it was used to investigate the potential threat to Antarctica's avifauna by local human activities. Relative footprint values were recorded for all 204 of Antarctica's Important Bird Areas (IBAs) identified by BirdLife International and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Results indicated that formal protection of avifauna under the Antarctic Treaty System has been unsystematic and is lacking for penguin and flying bird species in some of the IBAs most vulnerable to human activity and impact. More generally, it is hoped that use of this human footprint model may help Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting policy makers in their decision making concerning avifauna protection and other issues including cumulative impacts, environmental monitoring, non-native species and terrestrial area protection.
Data from: Laetoli footprints reveal bipedal gait biomechanics different from those of modern humans and chimpanzees
Bipedalism is a key adaptation that shaped human evolution, yet the timing and nature of its evolution remain unclear. Here we use new experimentally based approaches to investigate the locomotor mechanics preserved by the famous Pliocene hominin footprints from Laetoli, Tanzania. We conducted footprint formation experiments with habitually barefoot humans and with chimpanzees to quantitatively compare their footprints to those preserved at Laetoli. Our results show that the Laetoli footprints are morphologically distinct from those of both chimpanzees and habitually barefoot modern humans. By analysing biomechanical data that were collected during the human experiments we, for the first time, directly link differences between the Laetoli and modern human footprints to specific biomechanical variables. We find that the Laetoli hominin probably used a more flexed limb posture at foot strike than modern humans when walking bipedally. The Laetoli footprints provide a clear snapshot of an early hominin bipedal gait that probably involved a limb posture that was slightly but significantly different from our own, and these data support the hypothesis that important evolutionary changes to hominin bipedalism occurred within the past 3.66 Myr.
Data from: Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009
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Change in terrestrial human footprint drives continued loss of intact ecosystems
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Data from: Biological traits, phylogeny and human footprint signatures on the geographic range size of passerines (Order Passeriformes) worldwide
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Data from: A late Pleistocene human footprint from the Pilauco archaeological site, Northern Patagonia, Chile
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