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21 results for “Humid tropics”
Dataset to manuscript: Soil organic carbon stocks and quality in small-scale tropical, sub-humid and semi-arid watersheds under shrubland and dry deciduous forest in southwestern India
<p>Raw data to the manuscript entitled "Soil organic carbon stocks and quality in small-scale tropical, sub-humid and semi-arid watersheds under shrubland and dry deciduous forest in southwestern India" by Severin-Luca Bellè, Jean Riotte, Muddu Sekhar, Laurent Ruiz, Marcus Schiedung and Samuel Abiven.</p> <p>Data files include all raw data of soil cores (20211111_Raw_data.zip), data measured on composited samples (20211111_Composite_data.zip) and DRIFT spectra (20211111_DRIFT_data.zip).</p> <p>Files ending with var_names are the README files.</p>
Figures 5–10 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view; abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) and lateral (10) view. Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe.
Figure 1 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia.
Figures 2–4 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment
Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4).
Data and code from paper: The carbon sink of secondary and degraded humid tropical forests
<p>This repository contains the data and code produced for the following paper:</p> <p><strong>Title: </strong>The carbon sink of recovering secondary and degraded humid tropical forests</p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> Viola Heinrich (viola.heinrich@bristol.ac.uk)</p> <p><strong>Please note:</strong></p> <ul> <li> throughout repository where files include reference to: <...<strong>congo_basin</strong>...> this refers to the <strong>Central Africa </strong>region as it is termed in the main paper.</li> <li>the <strong>code</strong> <strong>has not been amended</strong> for wider use and still contains set working directories for use with University of Bristol systems, you will need to change these for the scripts to run. </li> </ul> <p>The data produced in this project were produced using a combination of programming languages due to differences in the author's preferences and expertise. Overall, the initial data analysis was carried out in (i) Google Earth Engine, and (ii) Arcpy (Python3.6.10). Most of the post-processing of the initial data was then carried out in <strong>R (v3.6) for which the code and output datasets are available here.</strong></p> <p>To access the code used in <strong>Google Earth Engine</strong> that was used to produce and export data from the Tropical Moist Forest dataset (e.g. Years Since Last Disturbance of secondary/degraded forest), please follow the link: https://code.earthengine.google.com/d303fc21e7b57a8fc259e0ee2b58bfb4 </p> <p>This repository contains the following zipped folders:</p> <ul> <li><strong>data_folder</strong>: this folder contains further folders with all the data produced for this paper.</li> </ul> <ol> <li>Fig1_data_models: All data needed to produce Figure 1 of the main paper, including an .RDS version of the 6 main regrowth models produced for this paper (secondary and degraded forests in the three regions). These are the files beginning with "<strong>regrowthModel_..RDS</strong>. Additionally, the folder includes the dataframe files originally from GeoTiff files that were used to extract the Aboveground Biomass in old-growth (undisturbed forests) > e.g. the subfolder "amazon_basin_oldG_AGB" contains the .dbf files representing the AGB in old-growth forest pixels. There are 4 files as the Amazon was split up into 4 sections for computational reasons. Similarly, the Central Africa region (here referred to as congo_basin) was split up into 2 regions.</li> <li>Fig2_data_models_plus_exFig3_to_5: The data needed to produce Figure 2 in the main paper as well as the Extended Data Figures 3 to 5. This includes .RDS versions of the regrowth models for secondary and degraded forests in the three regions for the different variables considered (files beginning with "<strong>regrowthModel_..RDS</strong>) e.g. "regrowtModel_borneo_deg_MaxTemo_low.rds", refers to the regrowth model shown in Figure 2c - the regrowth model for Bornean degraded forests for the variable "Maximum Temperature", where "low" refers to the lowest temperature range considered in the study. As before, files are provided giving information on the AGB in old-growth forests for each region within different conditions of each driving variable. </li> <li>Fig4: All the data needed to produce Figure 4 (and Supplementary Figure 18) of the main paper. This includes the file "regrowth_in_all_basins_by_country_input_data.csv", which contains data on the total number of cells for each forest type for each Years Since Last Disturbance (YSLD) in each region.</li> <li>Extended_dataFig1_input: The input for Extended Data Figure 1, including the values derived from other studies used in this comparison as well as additional notes/comments on how the data were assessed.</li> <li>Extended_dataFig2_input: the input data used to determine the standardised coefficients seen in the Extended Data Figure 2.</li> <li>Extended_data_table_inputs: The inputs for the Extended Data Tables 1 and 2. Inputs include the dataframe files (.dbf), of key variables that were extracted from the GeoTiff files. Only the .dbf files have been included here to limit excessively large data being uploaded. </li> </ol> <ul> <li><strong>code_folder.zip</strong>: The code in this folder was used to produce the main figures and results for the extended data tables shown in the paper. <ul> <li>this folder also contains a file "example_code_read_in_models.R" which provides an example of how best to read in the regrowth models for each region and forest type to extract important information such as the: (i) average growth rate in the first 20 years of analysis, (ii) all AGCs as a function of YSLD, and (iii) the estimated time it takes to reach the asymptote. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Data and Code usage:</strong> When using any code or data in this repository or another related to this study please cite Heinrich et al. and the original paper as well as the DOI of this repository. </p> <p>Further source data in .xlsx format were also submitted with the main manuscript.</p> <p>If you need anything else, please contact the corresponding author: Viola Heinrich (viola.heinrich@bristol.ac.uk)</p>
Empirical data and model simulations of the effect of repeated hurricanes on soil carbon dynamics in a humid tropical forest
<p>Increasing hurricane frequency and intensity with climate change is likely to affect soil organic carbon (C) stocks in tropical forests. We examined the cycling of C between soil pools and with depth at the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico in soils over a 30-year period that spanned repeated hurricanes. We used a non-linear matrix model of soil C pools and fluxes ("soilR") and constrained the parameters with soil and litter survey data. Soil chemistry and stable and radiocarbon isotopes were measured from three soil depths across a topographic gradient in 1988 and 2018. Our results suggest that pulses and subsequent reduction of inputs caused by severe hurricanes in 1989, 1998, and two in 2017 led to faster mean transit times and younger mean ages of soil C in the particulate, occluded, and mineral-associated soil organic matter pools at 0–10 cm and 35–60 cm depths relative to a modeled control soil with constant inputs over the thirty years. Between 1988 and 2018, the occluded C stock increased, and d<sup>13</sup>C in all pools decreased, while changes in particulate and mineral-associated C were undetectable. The differences between 1988 and 2018 suggest that hurricane disturbance results in a dilution of the occluded light C pool with an influx of young, debris-deposited C, and possible microbial scavenging of old and young C in the particulate and mineral-associated pools. These effects led to a younger total soil C pool with faster mean transit times. Our results suggest that increasing frequency of intense hurricanes will speed up rates of C cycling in tropical forests, and eventually lead to net losses of C from tropical forest soils.</p>
Empirical data and model simulations of the effect of repeated hurricanes on soil carbon dynamics in a humid tropical forest
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The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests
Humid tropical forests are among the most productive ecosystems globally, yet they often occur on soils with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, lowering P availability to biota. Short-term anoxic events are thought to release sorbed P and enhance its acquisition by soil microbes. However, the actual effects of anoxic conditions on microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forest soils are surprisingly poorly studied. We used laboratory incubations of bulk soils, NanoSIMS analysis of single microbial cells, and landscape scale measurements in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico to test the hypothesis that anoxic conditions increase microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forests. In laboratory and field experiments we found that microbial P uptake generally decreased under anoxic conditions, leading to high microbial carbon (C) to P ratios in anoxic soils. The decreased P acquisition under anoxic conditions was correlated with lower microbial C use efficiency (CUE), an index of microbial energy transfer in ecosystems. Phosphorus amendments to anoxic soils led to increased microbial P uptake and higher CUE suggesting that microbes were less able to access and utilize P under natural low redox conditions. Under oxic conditions, microbial C:P ratios and CUE did not respond to changes in substrate stoichiometry. These results challenge the existing paradigm by showing that anoxic conditions can decrease microbial P uptake and ultimately constrain microbial CUE. Our findings indicate that soil redox conditions tightly couple soil P and C cycles and advance our understanding of controls on P cycling in humid tropical forest ecosystems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support p
FIGURE 1. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. A) Phylogenetic reconstruction (in BEAST) of the relationships among Dendrocolaptes haplotypes based on sequences of the mtDNA concatenated ND2 and CytB. Clades with high a posteriori support (>0.9, BI) are depicted at each node. A divergence time scale in years is included. B) Allele networks for three nDNA loci.
FIGURE 3. A in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 3. A) Map of the occurrence records of D. s. sheffleri and the other taxa of D. sanctithomae. The inset details the boundary between both taxa and depicts the random points generated for the Range-breaking (Ribbon) test. B) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of D. s. sheffleri. C) Geographic projection of the environmental niche model developed with primary occurrence data of the remaining populations of D. sanctithomae.
FIGURE 2 in Relict Humid Tropical Forest In Mexico Promotes Differentiation In Barred Woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 2. Overall ventral (above), dorsal (middle), and lateral (below) plumage coloration patterns in specimens of Dendrocolaptes from Mexico (MZFC). From left to right: D. s. sheffleri (Guerrero MZFC 19494, 19495); D. s. sanctithomae (Oaxaca [Chimalapas] MZFC 11806; Veracruz [Los Tuxtlas] MZFC 7817; Campeche [Silvituc] MZFC 13702; Quintana Roo [Puerto Morelos] MZFC 13486; and Chiapas [Ocozocuautla] MZFC 11409). Photos by Leopoldo Vázquez.
Data from: Nitrogen saturation in humid tropical forests after 6 years of nitrogen and phosphorus addition: hypothesis testing
Nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis suggests that when an ecosystem reaches N-saturation, continued N input will cause increased N leaching, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and N mineralization and nitrification rates. It also suggests that a different element will become the main limiting factor when N saturation has been reached. Although this hypothesis has been tested in temperate forests, whether they can be directly applied to N-saturated tropical forests remain poorly addressed. To test this hypothesis, soil inorganic N, soil N mineralization and nitrification rate, soil N2O emission rate and nitrate (inline image) leaching rate were measured in an N-saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China, after 6 years of N and P addition. We hypothesized that N addition would stimulate further N saturation, but P addition might alleviate N saturation. As expected, our results showed that six continuous years of experimental N addition did cause further N saturation, which was indicated by significant increases in soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and nitrate (inline image) leaching. However, in contrast to our expectations, N addition significantly decreased in situ rates of net N mineralization and nitrification, which could be related to associated changes in enzyme activity and microbial community composition. On the other hand, P addition mitigated N saturation, as expected. Soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and inline image leaching decreased significantly after P addition, but the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly increased. Our results provide a new understanding of the N saturation hypothesis, suggesting that the effects of long-term N deposition on net N mineralization and nitrification rates in N-saturated tropical forests can be negative and that P addition can alleviate N saturation in such tropical systems.
Humid tropical vertebrates are at lower risk of extinction and population decline in forests with higher structural integrity
<p>The four Excel workbooks contain processed data in the form of humid tropical forest area under each of multiple values of the Structural Condition Index (SCI), Forest Structural Integrity Index (FSII), and Human Footprint (HFP) for Mammal, Bird, Reptile and Amphibian species. The associated README text file contains metadata to describe the data in the xlsx workbooks. Python code to replicate geospatial analyses and R code to replicate statistical analyses are provided in the respective scripts. ArcGIS Pro is required to be installed prior to running the Python script.</p>
FIGURE 5 in New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood phylogram of Schizophyllum resulting from analysis of ITS sequence data. The bootstrap support values greater than 50% are indicated, and branches with Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.8 are in bold. Species sampled from Mexico are in red. Codes of the herbarium records corresponding to the strains: Carreño-Ruiz 709 (CCG016), 619 (CCG012), 618 (CCG011), 707 (CCG021), 617 (CCG010), 119 (CCG009), 118 (CCG003), 708 (CCG020) & Mondragón-Sánchez 106 (CCG019) (The origin of the herbarium records are within the section of material examined by each species).
FIGURE 4. A in New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
FIGURE 4. A) Digitate pileus, B) cross section of the context, C) general view of the location of the abhymenial hairs, D) abhymenial hairs with smooth apices and E) hyaline spores of Schizophyllum umbrinum. Photography by A. A. Ávalos-Lázaro.
FIGURE 1 in New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
FIGURE 1. General appearance of A) the pileus and B) the hymenial gills of Schizophyllum commune. C) Illustration of the cross section of a basidiome (a = pellicle, b = context, c = gill length, d = abhymenial hairs). Photography by S. D. Carreño-Ruiz. Illustration taken and modified from Linder (1933).
FIGURE 3. A in New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
FIGURE 3. A) Pileus with a zonate appearance, B) context, C) abhymenial hairs with crystalline granules at the apex, and D) smooth abhymenial hairs of Schizophyllum radiatum. Photography by A. A. Ávalos-Lázaro.
FIGURE 2. A in New record of Schizophyllum (Schizophyllaceae) from Mexico and the confirmation of its edibility in the humid tropics
FIGURE 2. A) Cross section of the context and B) abhymenial hairs of Schizophyllum commune. Photography by A. A. Ávalos-Lázaro.
Data from: Tropical nematode diversity: vertical stratification of nematode communities in a Costa Rican humid lowland rainforest
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Data from: Nitrogen saturation in humid tropical forests after 6 years of nitrogen and phosphorus addition: hypothesis testing
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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